e10vq
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
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þ |
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QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2010
OR
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o |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 001-34819
GREEN DOT CORPORATION
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
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Delaware
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95-4766827 |
(State or other jurisdiction
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(IRS Employer |
of incorporation or organization)
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Identification No.) |
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605 E. Huntington Drive, Suite 205 |
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Monrovia, California
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91016 |
(Address of principal executive offices)
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(Zip Code) |
Registrants telephone number, including area code: (626) 775-3400
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be
filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months
(or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has
been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its
corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted
pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months
(or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes o No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated
filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definition of large
accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the
Exchange Act. (Check one):
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Large accelerated filer o
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Accelerated filer o
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Non-accelerated filer þ
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Smaller reporting company o |
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(Do not check if a smaller reporting company.) |
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of
the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ
There were 7,588,887 shares of Class A common stock, par value $.001 per share, and 33,289,370
shares of Class B common stock, par value $.001 per share, outstanding as of October 31, 2010.
GREEN DOT CORPORATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Financial Statements
GREEN DOT CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
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September 30, |
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December 31, |
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2010 |
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2009 |
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(Unaudited) |
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(in thousands, except par value) |
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Assets |
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Current assets: |
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Unrestricted cash and cash equivalents |
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$ |
135,581 |
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$ |
56,303 |
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Settlement assets |
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11,784 |
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42,569 |
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Accounts receivable, net |
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23,985 |
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29,157 |
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Prepaid expenses and other assets |
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6,776 |
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7,262 |
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Income taxes receivable |
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5,452 |
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Net deferred tax assets |
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4,335 |
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4,634 |
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Total current assets |
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182,461 |
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145,377 |
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Restricted cash |
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5,163 |
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15,381 |
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Accounts receivable, net |
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3,175 |
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1,130 |
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Prepaid expenses and other assets |
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641 |
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1,047 |
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Property and equipment, net |
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16,045 |
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11,973 |
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Deferred expenses |
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5,894 |
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8,200 |
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Total assets |
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$ |
213,379 |
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$ |
183,108 |
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Liabilities and Stockholders Equity |
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Current liabilities: |
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Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |
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$ |
11,331 |
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$ |
9,777 |
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Settlement obligations |
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11,784 |
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42,569 |
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Amounts due to card issuing banks for overdrawn accounts |
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33,181 |
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23,422 |
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Other accrued liabilities |
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14,071 |
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13,916 |
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Deferred revenue |
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11,227 |
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15,048 |
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Income tax payable |
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2,986 |
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Total current liabilities |
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84,580 |
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104,732 |
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Other accrued liabilities |
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4,398 |
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2,761 |
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Deferred revenue |
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50 |
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97 |
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Net deferred tax liabilities |
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3,886 |
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4,154 |
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Total liabilities |
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92,914 |
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111,744 |
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Stockholders equity: |
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Convertible preferred stock, $0.001 par value:
5,000 shares authorized as of September 30, 2010,
25,554 shares authorized as of December 31, 2009; no
shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2010,
24,942 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31,
2009; liquidation preference of $0 and $31,322 as of
September 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively |
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31,322 |
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Class A common stock, $0.001 par value; 100,000 shares
authorized as of September 30, 2010, no shares
authorized as of December 31, 2009; 7,589 shares issued
and outstanding as of September 30, 2010, no shares
issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2009 |
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5 |
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Class B convertible common stock, $0.001 par value,
100,000 shares authorized as of September 30, 2010,
50,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2009;
33,269 and 12,860 shares issued and outstanding as of
September 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively |
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34 |
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13 |
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Additional paid-in capital |
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58,706 |
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12,603 |
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Retained earnings |
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61,720 |
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27,426 |
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Total stockholders equity |
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120,465 |
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71,364 |
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Total liabilities and stockholders equity |
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$ |
213,379 |
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$ |
183,108 |
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See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements
1
GREEN DOT CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)
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Three Months Ended |
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Nine Months Ended |
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September 30, |
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September 30, |
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2010 |
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2009 |
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2010 |
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2009 |
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(in thousands except per share data) |
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Operating revenues: |
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Card revenues |
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$ |
40,592 |
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$ |
30,849 |
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$ |
124,978 |
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$ |
93,011 |
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Cash transfer revenues |
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26,484 |
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17,256 |
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73,630 |
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49,383 |
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Interchange revenues |
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27,044 |
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17,213 |
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81,106 |
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46,554 |
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Stock-based retailer incentive compensation |
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(5,216 |
) |
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(7,673 |
) |
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Total operating revenues |
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88,904 |
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65,318 |
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272,041 |
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188,948 |
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Operating expenses: |
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Sales and marketing expenses |
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30,305 |
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17,182 |
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87,777 |
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52,430 |
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Compensation and benefits expenses |
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17,621 |
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12,666 |
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50,474 |
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32,827 |
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Processing expenses |
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14,579 |
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9,951 |
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43,131 |
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27,092 |
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Other general and administrative expenses |
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10,976 |
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7,587 |
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33,997 |
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18,721 |
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Total operating expenses |
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73,481 |
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47,386 |
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215,379 |
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131,070 |
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Operating income |
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15,423 |
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17,932 |
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56,662 |
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57,878 |
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Interest income |
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111 |
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64 |
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269 |
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179 |
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Interest expense |
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(23 |
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(3 |
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(48 |
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(3 |
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Income before income taxes |
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15,511 |
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17,993 |
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56,883 |
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58,054 |
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Income tax expense |
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6,540 |
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7,522 |
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22,589 |
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24,344 |
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Net income |
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8,971 |
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10,471 |
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34,294 |
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33,710 |
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Dividends, accretion, and allocated earnings of preferred stock |
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(1,255 |
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(7,060 |
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(16,094 |
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(22,886 |
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Net income allocated to common stockholders |
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$ |
7,716 |
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$ |
3,411 |
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$ |
18,200 |
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$ |
10,824 |
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Basic earnings per common share: |
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Class A common stock |
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$ |
0.22 |
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$ |
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$ |
0.87 |
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$ |
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Class B common stock |
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$ |
0.22 |
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$ |
0.28 |
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$ |
0.87 |
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$ |
0.90 |
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Basic weighted-average common shares issued and outstanding |
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Class A common stock |
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4,266 |
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1,442 |
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Class B common stock |
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28,627 |
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12,051 |
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18,232 |
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12,046 |
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Diluted earnings per common share: |
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Class A common stock |
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$ |
0.20 |
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$ |
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$ |
0.81 |
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$ |
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Class B common stock |
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$ |
0.20 |
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$ |
0.22 |
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$ |
0.81 |
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$ |
0.70 |
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Diluted weighted-average common shares issued and outstanding |
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Class A common stock |
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36,132 |
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22,884 |
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Class B common stock |
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31,862 |
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15,262 |
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21,441 |
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15,545 |
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See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements
2
GREEN DOT CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
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Nine Months Ended |
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September 30, |
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2010 |
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2009 |
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(in thousands) |
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Operating activities |
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Net income |
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$ |
34,294 |
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$ |
33,710 |
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Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |
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Depreciation and amortization |
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5,405 |
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3,552 |
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Provision for uncollectible overdrawn accounts |
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34,912 |
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18,089 |
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Stock-based compensation |
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5,246 |
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1,983 |
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Stock-based retailer incentive compensation |
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7,673 |
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Provision (benefit) for uncollectible trade receivables |
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(24 |
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112 |
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Impairment of capitalized software |
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388 |
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315 |
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Deferred income tax expense (benefit) |
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31 |
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(1,731 |
) |
Change in operating assets and liabilities: |
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Settlement assets |
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30,785 |
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|
3,289 |
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Accounts receivable |
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(31,761 |
) |
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(19,668 |
) |
Prepaid expenses and other assets |
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|
817 |
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(3,105 |
) |
Deferred expenses |
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2,306 |
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|
3,568 |
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Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |
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|
3,877 |
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|
2,544 |
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Settlement obligations |
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(30,785 |
) |
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(3,289 |
) |
Amounts due to card issuing banks for overdrawn accounts |
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9,759 |
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|
4,996 |
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Deferred revenue |
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(3,868 |
) |
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|
(4,988 |
) |
Income taxes payable |
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|
8,438 |
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|
2,238 |
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Net cash provided by operating activities |
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77,493 |
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41,614 |
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Investing activities |
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Decrease (increase) in restricted cash |
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10,218 |
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(13,028 |
) |
Purchases of property and equipment, including internal-use software |
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(10,321 |
) |
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(5,547 |
) |
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Net cash used in investing activities |
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(103 |
) |
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(18,575 |
) |
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Financing activities |
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Repayments on line of credit |
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(77 |
) |
Borrowings on line of credit |
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|
77 |
|
Proceeds from exercise of warrants and options |
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|
1,888 |
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|
162 |
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Exercise of call option on warrant |
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(1,958 |
) |
Redemption of preferred and common shares |
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(617 |
) |
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Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |
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|
1,888 |
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(2,413 |
) |
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Net increase in unrestricted cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
79,278 |
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|
20,626 |
|
Unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year |
|
|
56,303 |
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|
|
16,692 |
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Unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, end of period |
|
$ |
135,581 |
|
|
$ |
37,318 |
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Cash paid for interest |
|
$ |
40 |
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$ |
42 |
|
Cash paid for income taxes |
|
$ |
14,215 |
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|
$ |
24,009 |
|
See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements
3
GREEN DOT CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2010
(Unaudited)
Note 1Organization
Green Dot Corporation (we, us and our refer to Green Dot Corporation and its
wholly-owned subsidiaries, Next Estate Communications, Inc. and Green Dot Acquisition Corp.) is one
of the leading providers of general purpose reloadable prepaid debit cards and cash loading and
transfer services in the United States. Our products include Green Dot MasterCard and Visa-branded
prepaid debit cards and several co-branded reloadable prepaid card programs, collectively referred
to as our GPR cards; Visa-branded gift cards; and our MoneyPak and swipe reload proprietary
products, collectively referred to as our cash transfer products, which enable cash loading and
transfer services through our Green Dot Network. The Green Dot Network enables consumers to use
cash to reload our prepaid debit cards or to transfer cash to any of our Green Dot Network
acceptance members, including competing prepaid card programs and other online accounts.
We market our cards and financial services to banked, underbanked and unbanked consumers in
the United States using distribution channels other than traditional bank branches, such as
third-party retailer locations nationwide and the Internet. Our prepaid debit cards are issued by
third-party issuing banks, and we have relationships with several card issuers, including GE Money
Bank and Columbus Bank and Trust Company, a division of Synovus Bank. We also have distribution
arrangements with many large and medium-sized retailers, such as Walmart, Walgreens, CVS, Rite Aid,
7-Eleven, Kroger, Kmart, Meijer and Radio Shack, and with various industry resellers, such as
Incomm and PaySpot. We refer to participating retailers collectively as our retail distributors.
Initial Public Offering
On July 27, 2010, we completed an initial public offering of 5,241,758 shares of our Class A
common stock at an initial public offering price of $36.00 per share, all of which were sold by
existing stockholders. We did not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares of our Class A
common stock in the offering. Concurrent with the completion of the initial public offering,
certain selling stockholders exercised a warrant to purchase 283,786 shares of Series C-1 preferred
stock at an exercise price of $1.41 per share and vested options to purchase 377,840 shares of
Class B common stock with a weighted-average exercise price of $2.63 in order to sell the
underlying shares of Class A common stock in the offering. We received aggregate proceeds of $1.4
million from these exercises. Additionally, all of our outstanding shares of convertible preferred
stock were automatically converted to 24,941,421 shares of our Class B common stock, and all shares
of our Class B common stock sold in the offering were automatically converted into a like number of
Class A common stock.
Note 2 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
We have prepared the accompanying consolidated financial statements in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP. We have eliminated all
significant intercompany balances and transactions in consolidation.
We consider an operating segment to be any component of our business whose operating results
are regularly reviewed by our chief operating decision-maker to make decisions about resources to
be allocated to the segment and assess its performance based on discrete financial information. Our
Chief Executive Officer, our chief operating decision-maker, reviews our operating results on an
aggregate basis and manages our operations and the allocation of resources as a single operating
segment prepaid cards and related services.
We have evaluated subsequent events through the date that the financial statements were
issued, based on the accounting guidance for subsequent events. Based on our evaluation, we did
not identify any recognized or nonrecognized subsequent events that would have required adjustment
to or disclosure in the consolidated financial statements.
Unaudited Interim Financial Statements
The accompanying unaudited September 30, 2010 consolidated balance sheet, the consolidated
statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010 and 2009, the
consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2010 and 2009, and
the related interim information contained within the notes to the consolidated financial statements
have been prepared in accordance with GAAP and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of
Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and the notes required by
GAAP for complete financial statements. In our opinion, the unaudited interim consolidated
financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal and recurring adjustments,
necessary for the fair presentation of our financial position at September 30, 2010, the results
of our operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010 and 2009, and our cash
flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2010 and 2009. Our results of operations for the
three and nine months ended September 30, 2010 and 2009 are not necessarily indicative of future
results.
Accounts Receivable, Net
Accounts receivable is comprised principally of receivables due from card issuing banks,
overdrawn account balances due from cardholders, trade accounts receivable and other receivables.
We record accounts receivable net of reserves for estimated uncollectible accounts. Receivables due
from card issuing banks primarily represent revenue-related funds collected by the card issuing
banks from our retail distributors, merchant banks and cardholders that have yet to be remitted to
us. These receivables are generally collected within a short period of time based on the remittance
terms in our agreements with the card issuing banks.
4
GREEN DOT CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 2 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
Overdrawn Account Balances Due from Cardholders and Reserve for Uncollectible Overdrawn Accounts
Cardholder account overdrafts may arise from maintenance fee assessments on our GPR cards or
from purchase transactions that we honor on GPR or gift cards, in each case in excess of the funds
in a cardholders account. We are exposed to losses from unrecovered cardholder account overdrafts.
We establish a reserve for uncollectible overdrawn accounts. We classify overdrawn accounts into
age groups based on the number of days that have elapsed since an account has had activity, such as
a purchase, ATM transaction or maintenance fee assessment. We calculate a reserve factor for each
age group based on the average recovery rate for the most recent six months. These factors are
applied to these age groups to estimate our overall reserve. When more than 90 days have passed
without activity in an account, we consider recovery to be remote and write off the full amount of
the overdrawn account balance. We include our provision for uncollectible overdrawn accounts
related to maintenance fees as an offset to card revenues in the accompanying consolidated
statements of operations. We include our provision for uncollectible overdrawn accounts related to
purchase transactions in other general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated
statements of operations.
Revenue Recognition
Our operating revenues consist of card revenues, cash transfer revenues and interchange
revenues. We recognize revenue when the price is fixed or determinable, persuasive evidence of an
arrangement exists, the product is sold or the service is performed, and collectibility of the
resulting receivable is reasonably assured.
Card revenues consist of new card fees, monthly maintenance fees, ATM fees, and other
revenues. We charge new card fees when a consumer purchases a new card in a retail store. We defer
and recognize new card fee revenues on a straight-line basis over our average card lifetime, which
is currently nine months for our GPR cards and six months for our gift cards. We determine the
average card lifetime based on our recent historical data for comparable products. We measure card
lifetime for our GPR cards as the period of time, inclusive of reload activity, between sale (or
activation) of the card and the date of the last positive balance. We measure the card lifetime for
our gift cards as the redemption period during which cardholders perform the substantial majority
of their transactions. We reassess average card lifetime quarterly. We report the unearned portion
of new card fees as a component of deferred revenue in our consolidated balance sheets. We charge
maintenance fees on a monthly basis pursuant to the terms and conditions in the applicable
cardholder agreements. We recognize monthly maintenance fees ratably over the month for which they
are assessed. We charge ATM fees to cardholders when they withdraw money or conduct other
transactions at certain ATMs in accordance with the terms and conditions in the applicable
cardholder agreements. We recognize ATM fees when the withdrawal is made by the cardholder, which
is the same time our service is completed and the fees are assessed. Other revenues consist of
customer service fees, and fees associated with optional products or services, which we generally
offer to consumers during the card activation process. We charge customer service fees pursuant to
the terms and conditions in the applicable cardholder agreements and recognize them when the
underlying services are completed. Optional products and services that generate other revenues
include providing a second card for an account, expediting delivery of the personalized debit card
that replaces the temporary card obtained at the retail store, and upgrading a cardholder account
to one of our upgrade programs. We generally recognize revenue related to optional products and
services when the underlying services are completed, but we treat revenues related to our upgrade
programs in a manner similar to new card fees and monthly maintenance fees.
We generate cash transfer revenues when consumers purchase our cash transfer products (reload
services) in a retail store. We recognize these revenues when the cash transfer transactions are
completed, generally within three business days from the time of sale of these products.
We earn interchange revenues from fees remitted by the merchants bank, which are based on
rates established by Visa and MasterCard, when cardholders make purchase transactions using our
cards. We recognize interchange revenues as these transactions occur.
We report our different types of revenues on a gross or net basis based on our assessment of
whether we act as a principal or an agent in the transaction. To the extent we act as a principal
in the transaction, we report revenues on a gross basis. In concluding whether or not we act as a
principal or an agent, we evaluate whether we have the substantial risks and rewards under the
terms of the revenue-generating arrangements, whether we are the party responsible for fulfillment
of the services purchased by the cardholders, and other factors. For all of our significant
revenue-generating arrangements, including GPR and gift cards, we record revenues on a gross basis.
Generally, customers have limited rights to a refund of a new card fee or a cash transfer fee.
We have elected to recognize revenues prior to the expiration of the refund period, but reduce
revenues by the amount of expected refunds, which we estimate based on actual historical refunds.
On occasion, we enter into incentive agreements with our retail distributors designed to
increase product acceptance and sales volume. We record incentive payments, including the issuance
of equity instruments, as a reduction of revenues and recognize them over the period the related
revenues are recognized or as services are rendered, as applicable.
Employee Stock-Based Compensation
Effective August 1, 2006, we adopted a new accounting standard using the prospective
transition method, which required compensation expense to be recognized on a prospective basis, and
therefore prior period financial statements do not include the impact of our adoption of this
standard. Compensation expense recognized relates to stock options granted, modified, repurchased,
or cancelled on or after August 1, 2006 and stock purchases under our employee stock purchase plan,
or ESPP. We record compensation expense using the fair value method of accounting. For stock
options and stock purchases under our ESPP, we base compensation expense on fair values estimated
at the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. For stock awards, we base
compensation expense on the estimated
5
GREEN DOT CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 2 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
fair value of our common stock at the grant date. We recognize compensation expense for awards with
only service conditions that have graded vesting schedules on a straight-line basis over the
vesting period of the award. Vesting is based upon continued service to our company.
We continue to account for stock options granted to employees prior to August 1, 2006, using
the intrinsic value method. Under the intrinsic value method, compensation associated with stock
awards to employees was determined as the difference, if any, between the fair value of the
underlying common stock on the grant date, and the price an employee must pay to exercise the
award. We measure the fair value of equity instruments issued to non-employees as of the earlier of
the date a performance commitment has been reached by the counterparty or the date performance is
completed by the counterparty. We determine the fair value using the Black-Scholes option-pricing
model or the fair value of our common stock, as applicable, and recognize related expense in the
same periods that the goods or services are received.
Income Taxes
Our income tax expense is comprised of current and deferred income tax expense. Current income
tax expense approximates taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period. Deferred income tax
expense results from the changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities during the periods. These
gross deferred tax assets and liabilities represent decreases or increases in taxes expected to be
paid in the future because of future reversals of temporary differences between the bases of assets
and liabilities as measured by tax laws and their bases as reported in our consolidated financial
statements. We also recognize deferred tax assets for tax attributes such as net operating loss
carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards. We record valuation allowances to reduce deferred tax
assets to the amounts we conclude are more likely-than-not to be realized in the foreseeable
future.
We recognize and measure income tax benefits based upon a two-step model: 1) a tax position
must be more likely-than-not to be sustained based solely on its technical merits in order to be
recognized, and 2) the benefit is measured as the largest dollar amount of that position that is
more likely-than-not to be sustained upon settlement. The difference between the benefit recognized
for a position and the tax benefit claimed on a tax return is referred to as an unrecognized tax
benefit. We accrue income tax related interest and penalties, if applicable, within income tax
expense.
Earnings Per Common Share
We have multiple classes of common stock and our preferred stockholders, during the periods
their shares were outstanding, were entitled to participate with common stockholders in the
distributions of earnings through dividends. Therefore, we apply the two-class method in
calculating earnings per common share, or EPS. The two-class method requires net income, after
deduction of any preferred stock dividends, deemed dividends on preferred stock redemptions, and
accretions in the carrying value on preferred stock, to be allocated between each class or series
of common and preferred stockholders based on their respective rights to receive dividends, whether
or not declared. Basic EPS is then calculated by dividing net income allocated to each class of
common stockholders by the respective weighted-average common shares issued and outstanding.
In addition, for diluted EPS, the conversion of Class B common stock can affect net income
allocated to Class A common stockholders. Where the effect of this conversion is dilutive, we
adjust net income allocated to Class A common stockholders by the associated allocated earnings of
the convertible securities. We divide adjusted net income for each class of common stock by the
respective weighted-average number of the common shares issued and outstanding for each period plus
amounts representing the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and outstanding warrants,
shares to be purchased under our employee stock purchase plan and the dilution resulting from the
conversion of convertible securities, if applicable. We exclude the effects of convertible
securities and outstanding warrants and stock options from the computation of diluted EPS in
periods in which the effect would be antidilutive. We calculate dilutive potential common shares
using the treasury stock method, if-converted method and the two-class method, as applicable.
Fair Values of Financial Instruments
Our financial instruments, including unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash,
settlement assets and obligations, accounts receivable, certain other assets, accounts payable, and
other accrued liabilities, are short-term, and, accordingly, we believe their carrying amounts
approximate their respective fair values.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2010, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting
Standards Update, or ASU, 2010-09, Subsequent Events Amendments to Certain Recognition and
Disclosure Requirements, which amends the disclosure requirements related to subsequent events.
Effective immediately, the ASU retracts the requirement to disclose the date through which
subsequent events have been evaluated for a Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, filer. We
adopted this ASU in the first quarter of 2010.
Use of Estimates and Assumptions
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial
statements, including the accompanying notes. We base our estimates and assumptions on historical
factors, current circumstances, and the experience and judgment of management. We evaluate our
estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
6
GREEN DOT CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 3 Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable consisted of the following (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
|
(Unaudited) |
|
Overdrawn account balances due from cardholders |
|
$ |
19,190 |
|
|
$ |
12,072 |
|
Reserve for uncollectible overdrawn accounts |
|
|
(13,545 |
) |
|
|
(7,460 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net overdrawn account balances due from cardholders |
|
|
5,645 |
|
|
|
4,612 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trade receivables |
|
|
969 |
|
|
|
647 |
|
Reserve for uncollectible trade receivables |
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
(110 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net trade receivables |
|
|
965 |
|
|
|
537 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Receivables due from card issuing banks |
|
|
20,347 |
|
|
|
22,123 |
|
Payroll taxes due from related parties |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,417 |
|
Other receivables |
|
|
203 |
|
|
|
598 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts receivable, net |
|
$ |
27,160 |
|
|
$ |
30,287 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31, 2009, we had receivables of $2.3 million due from our Chief Executive
Officer and $0.1 million due from our Chief Financial Officer. These receivables were related to
federal and state payroll taxes arising from stock awards granted and stock options exercised that
we were required to remit to the various taxing authorities. We collected these receivables in cash
in January 2010.
Activity in the reserve for uncollectible overdrawn accounts consisted of the following (in
thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Nine Months Ended |
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
|
| |
| |
(Unaudited) |
| |
|
|
|
Balance, beginning of the period |
|
$ |
13,651 |
|
|
$ |
30,467 |
|
|
$ |
7,460 |
|
|
$ |
26,485 |
|
Provision for uncollectible overdrawn accounts: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fees |
|
|
11,632 |
|
|
|
5,746 |
|
|
|
32,982 |
|
|
|
16,431 |
|
Purchase transactions |
|
|
641 |
|
|
|
537 |
|
|
|
1,931 |
|
|
|
1,658 |
|
Charge-offs |
|
|
(12,379 |
) |
|
|
(28,964 |
) |
|
|
(28,828 |
) |
|
|
(36,788 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, end of period |
|
$ |
13,545 |
|
|
$ |
7,786 |
|
|
$ |
13,545 |
|
|
$ |
7,786 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note 4 Income Taxes
Income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2010 and 2009 varied from the
amount computed by applying the federal statutory income tax rate to income before income taxes. A
reconciliation between the expected federal income tax expense using the federal statutory tax rate
of 35% and our actual income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2010 and 2009 was
as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nine Months Ended |
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
2010 |
|
2009 |
|
|
(Unaudited) |
U.S. federal income tax |
|
|
35.0 |
% |
|
|
35.0 |
% |
Non-deductible offering costs |
|
|
3.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
State income taxes, net of federal benefit |
|
|
3.6 |
|
|
|
6.1 |
|
Change in state tax apportionment method |
|
|
(3.9 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
1.6 |
|
|
|
0.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income tax expense |
|
|
39.7 |
% |
|
$ |
42.0 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7
GREEN DOT CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 4 Income Taxes (Continued)
Income tax expense was $22.6 million and $24.3 million for the nine months ended September 30,
2010 and 2009, respectively, with an effective tax rate of 39.7% and 42.0%, respectively. The
effective tax rates for these periods differ from the expected federal statutory tax rate of 35%
primarily due to state income taxes, net of the federal tax benefit. For the nine months ended
September 30, 2010, our effective tax rate was also impacted by several discrete items. In May
2010, the California Franchise Tax Board, or FTB, approved our petition to use an alternative
apportionment method provided for in Revenue and Tax Code Section 25137. The alternative method,
known as the market-source approach, allows us to apportion income to California based on a
customers address, rather than apportion income based on cost of performance, which is the
standard method under existing law. Under the market-source approach, we apportion less income to
California, resulting in a lower effective state tax rate. The petition is retroactive to our 2009
tax year, prior to the change in our fiscal year from July 31 to December 31. We recognized the
effect of the change in apportionment method, including the retroactive tax benefit, in our
consolidated financial statements for the nine months ended September 30, 2010. The benefit from
the change in apportionment method was partially offset by non-deductible offering costs recognized
during the nine months ended September 30, 2010. Excluding the impact of these discrete items, our
effective tax rate would have been 40.3%.
In accounting for income taxes, we follow the guidance related to uncertainty in income taxes.
The guidance prescribes a comprehensive framework for the financial statement recognition,
measurement, presentation, and disclosure of uncertain income tax positions that we have taken or
anticipate taking in a tax return, and includes guidance on de-recognition, classification,
interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, and transition rules. We have concluded that
we have no significant unrecognized tax benefits. We are subject to examination by the Internal
Revenue Service, or IRS, and various state tax authorities. Our consolidated federal income tax
returns for the years ended July 31, 2005 and 2008 have been examined by the IRS, and there have
been no material changes in our tax liabilities for those years. We generally remain subject to
examination of our federal income tax returns for the year ended July 31, 2006 and later years. We
generally remain subject to examination of our various state income tax returns for periods ranging
from four to five years from the respective dates the returns were filed.
Note 5Stockholders Equity
On July 27, 2010, we filed a restated certificate of incorporation that increased the number
of authorized Class A and Class B common stock from 75,000,000 shares each to 100,000,000 shares
each and reduced the number of authorized shares of preferred stock from 25,553,267 to 5,000,000.
Shares Subject to Repurchase
In May 2010, we amended our commercial agreement with Walmart, our largest retail distributor,
and GE Money Bank. The amendment modifies the terms of our agreement related to our co-branded GPR
MoneyCard, which significantly increased the sales commission rates we pay to Walmart for our
products sold in their stores. The new agreement has a five-year term commencing May 1, 2010. As an
incentive to amend our prepaid card program agreement, we issued Walmart 2,208,552 shares of our
Class A common stock. These shares are subject to our right to repurchase them at $0.01 per share
upon termination of our agreement with Walmart other than a termination arising out of our knowing,
intentional and material breach of the agreement. Our right to repurchase the shares lapses with
respect to 36,810 shares per month over the 60-month term of the agreement. The repurchase right
will expire as to all shares of Class A common stock that remain subject to the repurchase right if
we experience a prohibited change of control, as defined in the agreement, if we experience a
change of control, as defined in the stock issuance agreement, or under certain other limited
circumstances, which we currently believe are remote. We have also granted Walmart registration
rights for all of its shares of our Class A common stock that are no longer subject to our
repurchase right. In connection with the share issuance, Walmart entered into an agreement to vote
its shares in proportion to the way the rest of our stockholders vote their shares. As of September
30, 2010, 184,050 shares of Class A common stock issued to Walmart were no longer subject to the
repurchase right.
8
GREEN DOT CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 6 Stock-Based Compensation
Employee Stock-Based Compensation
In June 2010, our board of directors adopted, and in July 2010 our stockholders approved, a
new equity incentive plan and an employee stock purchase plan. The 2010 Equity Incentive Plan
replaced our 2001 Stock Plan. We reserved 2,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock for issuance
under our 2010 Equity Incentive Plan. The number of shares reserved for issuance under our 2010
Equity Incentive Plan will increase automatically on the first day of January of each of 2011
through 2014 by up to a number of shares equal to 3% of the total outstanding shares our Class A
and Class B common stock as of the immediately preceding December 31st. The 2010 Equity Incentive
Plan authorizes the award of stock options, restricted stock awards, stock appreciation rights,
restricted stock units, performance shares and stock bonuses. The 2010 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
enables eligible employees to purchase shares of our Class A common stock periodically at a
discount. Our 2010 Employee Stock Purchase Plan is intended to qualify as an employee stock
purchase plan under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code. We reserved 200,000 shares of our
Class A common stock for issuance under our 2010 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. The number of shares
reserved for issuance under our 2010 Employee Stock Purchase Plan will automatically increase on
the first day of January of each of 2011 through 2018 by up to the number of shares equal to 1% of
the total outstanding shares of our Class A and Class B common stock as of the immediately
preceding December 31st. Our board of directors or its compensation committee may reduce the amount
of the annual increase under the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan or 2010 Employee Stock Purchase Plan in
any particular year.
We granted options to purchase 79,500 shares of our Class A common stock under our 2010 Equity
Incentive Plan to our officers, employees, and outside directors during the three months ended
September 30, 2010 with an exercise price of $36.00 per share and a
grant-date fair value of $17.23 per share. We granted options to purchase 127,500
shares of our Class B common stock under our 2001 Stock Plan, the predecessor to our 2010 Equity
Incentive Plan, to our officers, employees, and outside directors during the three months ended
September 30, 2009 with a weighted-average exercise price of $17.19 per share and a
weighted-average grant-date fair value of $9.50 per share.
We granted options to purchase 299,000 shares of our common stock to our officers, employees,
and outside directors during the nine months ended September 30, 2010, of which 79,500 were options
to purchase Class A common stock granted under our 2010 Equity Incentive Plan and 219,500 were
options to purchase Class B common stock granted under our 2001 Stock Plan. The stock options had a
weighted-average exercise price of $30.08 per share and a weighted-average grant-date fair value of
$14.68 per share. We granted options to purchase 263,300 shares of Class B common stock under our
2001 Stock Plan to our officers, employees, and outside directors during the nine months ended
September 30, 2009. The stock options had a weighted-average exercise price of $15.48 per share and
a weighted-average grant-date fair value of $8.58 per share.
We estimated the fair value of each stock option grant on the date of grant using the
following weighted-average assumptions:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
Nine Months Ended |
|
|
September 30, |
|
September 30, |
|
|
2010 |
|
2009 |
|
2010 |
|
2009 |
|
|
(Unaudited) |
Risk-free interest rate |
|
|
1.93 |
% |
|
|
2.88 |
% |
|
|
2.39 |
% |
|
|
2.75 |
% |
Expected term (life) of options (in years) |
|
|
6.08 |
|
|
|
6.08 |
|
|
|
5.90 |
|
|
|
6.08 |
|
Expected dividends |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expected volatility |
|
|
48.00 |
% |
|
|
56.00 |
% |
|
|
49.62 |
% |
|
|
56.33 |
% |
We recognized stock-based compensation expense of $1.7 million and $0.8 million for the three
months ended September 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively, and $5.2 million and $2.0 million for the
nine months ended September 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
Stock-Based Retailer Incentive Compensation
As discussed in Note 5 Stockholders Equity, we issued Walmart 2,208,552 shares of our
Class A common stock. We recognize the fair value of 36,810 shares each month over the 60-month
term of the commercial agreement. An early expiration of our right to repurchase as described above
would, however, result in the recognition of the fair value of all the shares still subject to
repurchase on the date of the expiration. We currently assess an early expiration of our repurchase
right to be remote. We record the fair value recognized as stock-based retailer incentive
compensation, a contra-revenue component of our total operating revenues. We recognize monthly the
fair value of the shares for which our right to repurchase has lapsed using the then-current fair
market value of our Class A common stock. We recognized $5.2 million and $7.7 million of
stock-based retailer incentive compensation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010,
respectively.
9
GREEN DOT CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 7 Earnings per Common Share
We calculate EPS using the two-class method. Refer to Note 2 Summary of Significant
Accounting Policies for a discussion of the calculation of EPS.
The calculation of basic EPS and diluted EPS for the three and nine months ended September 30,
2010 and 2009 was as follows (in thousands, except per share data):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Nine Months Ended |
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
|
(Unaudited) |
|
Basic earnings per Class A common share |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income |
|
$ |
8,971 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
34,294 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Allocated earnings to preferred stock |
|
|
(1,255 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(16,094 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Allocated earnings to other classes of common stock |
|
|
(6,773 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(16,942 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income allocated to Class A common stockholders |
|
|
943 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,258 |
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted-average Class A shares issued and outstanding |
|
|
4,266 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,442 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic earnings per Class A common share |
|
$ |
0.22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
0.87 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted earnings per Class A common share |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income allocated to Class A common stockholders |
|
|
943 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,258 |
|
|
|
|
|
Allocated earnings to participating securities, net of
re-allocated earnings |
|
|
6,509 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17,288 |
|
|
|
|
|
Re-allocated earnings |
|
|
(71 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(94 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted net income allocated to Class A common stockholders |
|
|
7,381 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18,452 |
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted-average Class A shares issued and outstanding |
|
|
4,266 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,442 |
|
|
|
|
|
Dilutive potential common shares: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class B common stock |
|
|
31,862 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
21,441 |
|
|
|
|
|
Employee stock purchase plan |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted weighted-average Class A shares issued and
outstanding |
|
|
36,132 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22,884 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted earnings per Class A common share |
|
$ |
0.20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
0.81 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Nine Months Ended |
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
|
(Unaudited) |
|
Basic earnings per Class B common share |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income |
|
$ |
8,971 |
|
|
$ |
10,471 |
|
|
$ |
34,294 |
|
|
$ |
33,710 |
|
Allocated earnings and deemed dividends to preferred stock |
|
|
(1,255 |
) |
|
|
(7,060 |
) |
|
|
(16,094 |
) |
|
|
(22,886 |
) |
Allocated earnings to other classes of common stock |
|
|
(1,402 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,299 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income allocated to Class B common stockholders |
|
|
6,314 |
|
|
|
3,411 |
|
|
|
15,901 |
|
|
|
10,824 |
|
Weighted-average Class B shares issued and outstanding |
|
|
28,627 |
|
|
|
12,051 |
|
|
|
18,232 |
|
|
|
12,046 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic earnings per Class B common share |
|
$ |
0.22 |
|
|
$ |
0.28 |
|
|
$ |
0.87 |
|
|
$ |
0.90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted earnings per Class B common share |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income allocated to Class B common stockholders |
|
|
6,314 |
|
|
|
3,411 |
|
|
|
15,901 |
|
|
|
10,824 |
|
Re-allocated earnings |
|
|
195 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,387 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted net income allocated to Class B common stockholders |
|
|
6,509 |
|
|
|
3,411 |
|
|
|
17,288 |
|
|
|
10,824 |
|
Weighted-average Class B shares issued and outstanding |
|
|
28,627 |
|
|
|
12,051 |
|
|
|
18,232 |
|
|
|
12,046 |
|
Dilutive potential common shares: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock options |
|
|
3,180 |
|
|
|
2,950 |
|
|
|
3,011 |
|
|
|
2,921 |
|
Warrants |
|
|
55 |
|
|
|
261 |
|
|
|
198 |
|
|
|
578 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted weighted-average Class B shares issued and
outstanding |
|
|
31,862 |
|
|
|
15,262 |
|
|
|
21,441 |
|
|
|
15,545 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted earnings per Class B common share |
|
$ |
0.20 |
|
|
$ |
0.22 |
|
|
$ |
0.81 |
|
|
$ |
0.70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10
GREEN DOT CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 7 Earnings per Common Share (Continued)
As of September 30, 2010, 2,024,502 shares of Class A common stock issued to Walmart were
subject to our right to repurchase. Basic and diluted EPS for these shares were the same as basic
and diluted EPS for our Class A common stock for the three and nine months ended September 30,
2010.
We excluded from the computation of basic EPS for the three and nine months ended September
30, 2010 all shares issuable under an unvested warrant to purchase 4,283,456 shares of our Class B
common stock, as the related performance conditions had not been satisfied.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010 and 2009, we excluded all shares of
convertible preferred stock and certain stock options outstanding, which could potentially dilute
basic EPS in the future, from the computation of diluted EPS as their effect was anti-dilutive. The
following table shows the weighted-average number of anti-dilutive shares excluded from the diluted
EPS calculation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010 and 2009 (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Nine Months Ended |
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
|
(Unaudited) |
|
Class A common stock |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options to purchase Class A common stock |
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
Class B common stock |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options to purchase Class B common stock |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
53 |
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
92 |
|
Conversion of convertible preferred stock |
|
|
5,693 |
|
|
|
24,941 |
|
|
|
18,455 |
|
|
|
24,984 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total options and convertible preferred stock |
|
|
5,698 |
|
|
|
24,994 |
|
|
|
18,479 |
|
|
|
25,076 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note 8 Significant Customer Concentrations
A credit concentration may exist if customers are involved in similar industries, economic
sectors, and geographic regions. Our retail distributors operate in similar economic sectors but
diverse domestic geographic regions. The loss of a significant retail distributor could have a
material adverse effect upon our card sales, profitability, and revenue growth.
Revenues derived from our products sold at Walmart and our three other largest retail
distributors, as a group, represented approximately 63% and 20%, respectively, of our total
operating revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2010 and 63% and 20%, respectively, for
the three months ended September 30, 2009. Revenues derived from our products sold at Walmart and
our three other largest distributors, as a group, represented approximately 63% and 20%,
respectively, of our total operating revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2010 and 60%
and 22%, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2009. Revenues derived from our
products sold at Walmart and our three other largest retail distributors, as a group, represented
approximately 65% and 20%, respectively, of our total operating revenues, excluding stock-based
retailer incentive compensation, for the three months ended September 30, 2010 and 64% and 19%,
respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2010. In determining the customer
concentration, we attributed new card fees and cash transfer revenues to the retail distributor
where the sale of the new cards and cash transfer products occurred.
The concentration of GPR cards activated (in units) for Walmart and our three other largest
retail distributors, in the aggregate, was 88% and 97% for the three months ended September 30,
2010 and 2009, respectively. The concentration of sales of cash transfer products (in units) for
these retail distributors, in the aggregate, was 92% and 94% for the three months ended September
30, 2010 and 2009, respectively. The concentration of GPR cards activated (in units) for these
retail distributors, in the aggregate, was 83% and 97% for the nine months ended September 30, 2010
and 2009, respectively. The concentration of sales of cash transfer products (in units) for these
retail distributors, in the aggregate, was 93% and 94% for the nine months ended September 30, 2010
and 2009, respectively.
Settlement assets attributable to Walmart and our three other largest retail distributors, as
a group, comprised 27% and 48%, respectively, of the settlement assets recorded on our consolidated
balance sheet as of September 30, 2010, and 81% and 15%, respectively, as of December 31, 2009. As
a result of entering into our amended agreement with Walmart, we changed the manner in which
customer funds for certain products sold at Walmart are settled, eliminating the need to record
settlement assets and liabilities related to these products. This change resulted in a significant
reduction in our settlement assets and settlement obligations associated with Walmart and GE Money
Bank, respectively.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2010 and 2009, the majority of the customer funds
underlying our products were held in bank accounts at two card issuing banks. These funds are held
in trust for the benefit of the customers, and we have no legal rights to the customer funds or
deposits at the card issuing banks. Additionally, we have receivables due from these card issuing
banks included in accounts receivable, net, on our consolidated balance sheets. The failure of
either of these card issuing banks could result in significant business disruption, a potential
material adverse affect on our ability to service our customers, potential contingent obligations
by us to customers and material write-offs of uncollectible receivables due from these card issuing
banks.
11
GREEN DOT CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Note 9 Business Combination
On February 4, 2010, we entered into a definitive agreement to acquire 100% of the outstanding
common shares and voting interest of Bonneville Bancorp for approximately $15.7 million in cash,
subject to approval by various regulatory bodies. Bonneville Bancorp, a Utah bank holding company,
offers a range of business and consumer banking products in the Provo, Utah area through its bank
subsidiary, Bonneville Bank, or the Bank. The Bank also originates commercial, industrial,
residential, real estate and personal loans. We expect to focus the Bank on issuing our Green
Dot-branded debit cards linked to an FDIC-insured transactional account.
As of September 30, 2010, regulatory approval of our proposed bank acquisition was still
pending.
12
ITEM 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including this Managements Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations, contains forward-looking statements regarding future
events and our future results that are subject to the safe harbors created under the Securities Act
of 1933 (the Securities Act) and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act). All
statements other than statements of historical facts are statements that could be deemed to be
forward-looking statements. These statements are based on current expectations, estimates,
forecasts and projections about the industries in which we operate and the beliefs and assumptions
of our management. Words such as expects, anticipates, targets, goals, projects,
intends, plans, believes, seeks, estimates, continues, endeavors, strives, may
and assumes, variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify
forward-looking statements. In addition, any statements that refer to projections of our future
financial performance, our anticipated growth and trends in our businesses, and other
characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements. Readers are
cautioned that these forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, and
assumptions that are difficult to predict, including those identified below, under Part II, Item
1A. Risk Factors, and elsewhere herein. Therefore, actual results may differ materially and
adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to
revise or update any forward-looking statements for any reason.
The following is a discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of
operations and should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes
to consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and
our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes to audited consolidated financial
statements included in our prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4) under the Securities Act
with the SEC on July 22, 2010. In this Quarterly Report, unless otherwise specified or the context
otherwise requires, Green Dot, we, us, and our refer to Green Dot Corporation and its
consolidated subsidiaries.
Overview
Green Dot is a leading prepaid financial services company providing simple, low-cost and
convenient money management solutions to a broad base of U.S. consumers. We believe that we are the
leading provider of general purpose reloadable prepaid debit cards in the United States and that
our Green Dot Network is the leading reload network for prepaid cards in the United States. We sell
our cards and offer our reload services nationwide at approximately 50,000 retail store locations,
which provide consumers convenient access to our products and services.
We review a number of metrics to help us monitor the performance of, and identify trends
affecting, our business. We believe the following measures are the primary indicators of our
quarterly and annual performance.
Number of GPR Cards Activated represents the total number of GPR cards sold through our
retail and online distribution channels that are activated (and, in the case of our online channel,
also funded) by cardholders in a specified period. We activated 1.5 million and 1.1 million GPR
cards in the three months ended September 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively, and 4.7 million and 2.9
million GPR cards in the nine months ended September 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
Number of Cash Transfers represents the total number of MoneyPak and POS swipe reload
transactions that we sell through our retail distributors in a specified period. We sold 6.9
million and 4.5 million MoneyPak and POS swipe reload transactions in the three months ended
September 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively, and 19.2 million and 12.1 million MoneyPak and POS swipe
reload transactions in the nine months ended September 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
Number of Active Cards represents the total number of GPR cards in our portfolio that have
had a purchase, reload or ATM withdrawal transaction during the previous 90-day period. We had 3.3
million and 2.2 million active cards outstanding as of September 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
Gross Dollar Volume represents the total dollar volume of funds loaded to our GPR card and
reload products. Our gross dollar volume was $2.5 billion and $1.5 billion for the three months
ended September 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively, and $7.7 billion and $4.0 billion for the nine
months ended September 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
Net income for the three months ended September 30, 2010 was $9.0 million as compared to $10.5
million for the corresponding period in 2009. Net income for the nine months ended September 30,
2010 was $34.3 million as compared to $33.7 million for the corresponding period in 2009. Results
for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010 were favorably impacted by increases in card
revenues, cash transfer revenues and interchange revenues primarily due to period-over-period
growth in all of our key metrics described above. In particular, our results for the nine months
ended September 30, 2010 were favorably affected by large numbers of taxpayers electing to receive
their refunds via direct deposit on our cards and our advertising efforts during the period.
Our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010 were
adversely impacted by stock-based retailer incentive compensation recognized in the three and nine
months ended September 30, 2010 and by increases in our total operating expenses due to increased
sales commission percentages that we pay to Walmart, as described under May 2010 Changes to Our
Relationship With Walmart below, increased sales commission paid to our retail distributors due to
a higher number of GPR cards activated and cash transfers sold, growth in our headcount,
professional services related to our initial public offering and our proposed bank acquisition, and
overall growth in our infrastructure.
13
May 2010 Changes to Our Relationship with Walmart
In May 2010, we entered into an amended prepaid card program agreement with Walmart and GE
Money Bank. This agreement extended the term of our commercial relationship with Walmart and GE
Money Bank to May 2015 and significantly increased the sales commission percentages that we pay to
Walmart for the Walmart MoneyCard program, which currently accounts for approximately 85% of the
total revenues that we derive from products sold at Walmart, to an estimated 22%, or a level
approximately equal to what they had been during the three months ended December 31, 2008.
Additionally, the amended agreement provides volume-based incentives that allow Walmart to earn
higher sales commission percentages as sales volumes of our products in its stores grow. The
agreement also provides for enhanced coordination of Walmarts and our promotional efforts with
respect to the Walmart MoneyCard program, including annual contributions by Walmart and us to a
joint marketing fund. Historically, and under our amended agreement with Walmart, the sales
commission percentages we pay to Walmart for the Walmart MoneyCard program are derived from a
formula and vary based on dynamic program factors, such as new card sales rates, consumer pricing,
average cardholder usage and retention.
As an incentive to amend our prepaid card program agreement, we issued Walmart 2,208,552
shares of our Class A common stock. These shares are subject to our right to repurchase them at
$0.01 per share upon termination of our agreement with Walmart other than a termination arising out
of our knowing, intentional and material breach of the agreement. Our right to repurchase the
shares lapses with respect to 36,810 shares per month over the 60-month term of the agreement. The
repurchase right will expire as to all shares of Class A common stock that remain subject to the
repurchase right if we experience a prohibited change of control, as defined in the agreement, if
we experience a change of control, as defined in the stock issuance agreement, or under certain
other limited circumstances, which we currently believe are remote. We recognize the fair value
of 36,810 shares each month over the 60-month term of the amended prepaid card program agreement
with Walmart and GE Money Bank, recording the fair value recognized as stock-based retailer
incentive compensation, a contra-revenue component of our total operating revenues. See Key
components of our results of operationsOperating revenuesStock-based retailer incentive compensation below.
As a result of entering into our amended agreement with Walmart, we changed the manner in
which customer funds for certain products sold at Walmart are settled, eliminating the need to
record settlement assets and liabilities related to these products. This change resulted in a
significant reduction in our settlement assets and settlement obligations associated with Walmart
and GE Money Bank, respectively.
Key components of our results of operations
Operating Revenues
We classify our operating revenues into the following four categories:
Card RevenuesCard revenues consist of new card fees, monthly maintenance fees, ATM fees and
other revenues. We charge new card fees when a consumer purchases a GPR or gift card in a retail
store. We charge maintenance fees on GPR cards to cardholders on a monthly basis pursuant to the
terms and conditions in our cardholder agreements. We charge ATM fees to cardholders when they
withdraw money or conduct other transactions at certain ATMs in accordance with the terms and
conditions in our cardholder agreements. Other revenues consist primarily of fees associated with
optional products or services, which we generally offer to consumers during the card activation
process. Optional products and services that generate other revenues include providing a second
card for an account, expediting delivery of the personalized GPR card that replaces the temporary
card obtained at the retail store and upgrading a cardholder account to one of our premium programs
the VIP program or Premier Card program which provide benefits for our more active
cardholders. Historically, our card revenues have also included customer service fees that we
charged in accordance with the terms and conditions in our cardholder agreements.
Our aggregate new card fee revenues vary based upon the number of GPR cards activated and the
average new card fee. The average new card fee depends primarily upon the mix of products that we
sell since there are variations in new card fees among Green Dot-branded and co-branded products
and between GPR cards and general purpose gift cards. Our aggregate monthly maintenance fee
revenues vary primarily based upon the number of active cards in our portfolio and the average fee
assessed per account. Our average monthly maintenance fee per active account depends upon the mix
of Green Dot-branded and co-branded cards in our portfolio and upon the extent to which fees are
waived based on significant usage. Our aggregate ATM fee revenues vary based upon the number of
cardholder ATM transactions and the average fee per ATM transaction. The average fee per ATM
transaction depends upon the mix of Green Dot-branded and co-branded active cards in our portfolio
and the extent to which cardholders enroll in our VIP program, which has no ATM fees, or effect ATM
transactions on our fee-free ATM network.
Cash Transfer RevenuesWe earn cash transfer revenues when consumers purchase and use a
MoneyPak or fund their cards through a POS swipe reload transaction in a retail store. Our
aggregate cash transfer revenues vary based upon the total number of MoneyPak and POS swipe reload
transactions and the average price per MoneyPak or POS swipe reload transaction. The average price
per MoneyPak or POS swipe reload transaction depends upon the relative numbers of cash transfer
sales at our different retail distributors and on the mix of MoneyPak and POS swipe reload
transactions at certain retailers that have different fees for the two types of reload
transactions.
Interchange RevenuesWe earn interchange revenues from fees remitted by the merchants bank,
which are based on rates established by Visa and MasterCard, when cardholders make purchase
transactions using our cards. Our aggregate interchange revenues vary based primarily on the number
of active cards in our portfolio, the average transactional volume of the active cards in our portfolio and on the mix of cardholder purchases between those using
signature identification technologies and those using personal identification numbers.
Stock-based retailer incentive compensationWe recognize each month the fair value of the
36,810 shares issued to Walmart for which our right to repurchase has lapsed using the then-current
fair market value of our Class A common stock (and we would be required to recognize the fair value
of all shares still subject to repurchase if there were an early expiration of our right to
repurchase). We record the fair value recognized as stock-based retailer incentive compensation, a
contra-revenue component of our total operating revenues. In addition, it is possible that, in the
future, a warrant to purchase Class B common stock will vest and become exercisable upon the
achievement of certain performance goals by PayPal. If this warrant vests, we will need to
determine its fair value on the vesting date using the Black-Scholes model and will record that
value as additional contra-revenue.
14
Operating Expenses
We classify our operating expenses into the following four categories:
Sales and Marketing ExpensesSales and marketing expenses consist primarily of the sales
commissions we pay to our retail distributors and brokers for sales of our GPR and gift cards and
reload services in their stores, advertising and marketing expenses, and the costs of manufacturing
and distributing card packages, placards and promotional materials to our retail distributors and
personalized GPR cards to consumers who have activated their cards. We generally establish sales
commission percentages in long-term distribution agreements with our retail distributors, and
aggregate sales commissions are determined by the number of prepaid cards and cash transfers sold
at their respective retail stores. We incur advertising and marketing expenses for television and
online advertisements of our products and through retailer-based print promotions and in-store
displays. Advertising and marketing expenses are recognized as incurred and typically deliver a
benefit over an extended period of time. For this reason, these expenses do not always track
changes in revenues. Our manufacturing and distribution costs vary primarily based on the number of
GPR cards activated.
Compensation and Benefits ExpensesCompensation and benefits expenses represent the
compensation and benefits that we provide to our employees and the payments we make to third-party
contractors. While we have an in-house customer service organization, we employ third-party
contractors to conduct all call center operations, handle routine customer service inquiries and
provide temporary support in the area of IT operations and elsewhere. Compensation and benefits
expenses associated with our customer service and loss management functions generally vary in line
with the size of our active card portfolio, while the expenses associated with other functions do
not.
Processing ExpensesProcessing expenses consist primarily of the fees charged to us by the
banks that issue our prepaid cards, the third-party card processor that maintains the records of
our customers accounts and processes transaction authorizations and postings for us, and Visa and
MasterCard, which process transactions for us through their respective payment networks. These
costs generally vary based on the total number of active cards in our portfolio and gross dollar volume.
Other General and Administrative ExpensesOther general and administrative expenses consist
primarily of professional service fees, telephone and communication costs, depreciation and
amortization of our property and equipment, transaction losses (losses from customer disputed
transactions, unrecovered customer purchase transaction overdrafts and fraud), rent and utilities,
and insurance. We incur telephone and communication costs primarily from customers contacting us
through our toll-free telephone numbers. These costs vary with the total number of active cards in
our portfolio as do losses from unrecovered customer purchase transaction overdrafts and fraud.
Costs associated with professional services, depreciation and amortization of our property and
equipment, and rent and utilities vary based upon our investment in infrastructure, risk management
and internal controls and are generally not correlated with our operating revenues or other
transaction metrics.
Income Tax Expense
Our income tax expense consists of the federal and state corporate income taxes accrued on
income resulting from the sale of our products and services. Since the majority of our operations
are based in California, most of our state taxes are paid to that state.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of
our consolidated financial statements requires our management to make estimates and assumptions
that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, costs and expenses and related
disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience, current circumstances and various
other assumptions that our management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. In many
instances, we could reasonably use different accounting estimates, and in some instances changes in
the accounting estimates are reasonably likely to occur from period to period. Accordingly, actual
results could differ significantly from the estimates made by our management. To the extent that
there are differences between our estimates and actual results, our future financial statement
presentation, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows will be affected. We
believe that the accounting policies discussed below are critical to understanding our historical
and future performance, as these policies relate to the more significant areas involving
managements judgments and estimates.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue when the price is fixed or determinable, persuasive evidence of an
arrangement exists, the product is sold or the service is performed, and collectibility of the
resulting receivable is reasonably assured.
We defer and recognize new card fee revenues on a straight-line basis over the period
commensurate with our service obligation to our customers. We consider the service obligation
period to be the average card lifetime. We determine the average card lifetime for each pool of
homogeneous products (e.g., products that exhibit the same characteristics such as nature of
service and terms and conditions) based on company-specific historical data. Currently, we
determine the average card lifetime separately for our GPR cards and gift cards. For our GPR cards,
we measure the card lifetime as the period of time, inclusive of reload activity, between sale (or
activation) of a card and the date of the last positive balance on that card. We analyze GPR cards
activated between six and forty-two months prior to each balance sheet date. We use this historical
look-back period as a basis for determining our average card lifetime because it provides
sufficient time for meaningful behavioral trends to develop. Currently, our GPR cards have an
average card lifetime of nine months. The usage of gift cards is limited to the initial funds
loaded to the card. Therefore, we measure these gift cards lifetime as the redemption period over
which cardholders perform the substantial majority of their transactions. Currently, gift cards
have an average lifetime of six months. We reassess average card lifetime quarterly. Average card
lifetimes may vary in the future as cardholder behavior changes relative to historical experience
because customers are influenced by changes in the pricing of our services, the availability of
substitute products, and other factors.
We also defer and expense commissions paid to retail distributors related to new card sales
ratably over the average card lifetime, which is currently nine months for our GPR cards and six
months for gift cards.
15
We report our different types of revenues on a gross or net basis based on our assessment of
whether we act as a principal or an agent in the transaction. To the extent we act as a principal
in the transaction, we report revenues on a gross basis. In concluding whether or not we act as a
principal or an agent, we evaluate whether we have the substantial risks and rewards under the
terms of the revenue-generating arrangements, whether we are the party responsible for fulfillment
of the services purchased by the cardholders, and other factors. For all of our significant
revenue-generating arrangements, including GPR and gift cards, we recognize revenues on a gross
basis.
Generally, customers have limited rights to a refund of the new card fee or a cash transfer
fee. We have elected to recognize revenues prior to the expiration of the refund period, but reduce
revenues by the amount of expected refunds, which we estimate based on actual historical refunds.
On occasion, we enter into incentive agreements with our retail distributors designed to
increase product acceptance and sales volume. We record incentive payments, including the issuance
of equity instruments, as a reduction of revenues and recognize them over the period the related
revenues are recognized or as services are rendered, as applicable.
Reserve for Uncollectible Overdrawn Accounts
Cardholder account overdrafts may arise from maintenance fee assessments on our GPR cards or
from purchase transactions that we honor on GPR or gift cards, in each case in excess of the funds
in the cardholders account. We are responsible to the banks that issue our cards for any losses
associated with these overdrafts. Overdrawn account balances are therefore deemed to be our
receivables due from cardholders, and we include them as a component of accounts receivable, net,
on our consolidated balance sheets. The banks that issue our cards fund the overdrawn account
balances on our behalf. We include our obligations to them on our consolidated balance sheets as
amounts due to card issuing banks for overdrawn accounts, a current liability, and we settle our
obligations to them based on the terms specified in their agreements with us. These settlement
terms generally require us to settle on a monthly basis or when the cardholder account is closed,
depending on the card issuing bank.
We generally recover overdrawn account balances from those GPR cardholders that perform a
reload transaction. In addition, we recover some purchase transaction overdrafts through
enforcement of payment network rules, which allow us to recover the amounts from the merchant where
the purchase transaction was conducted. However, we are exposed to losses from unrecovered GPR
cardholder account overdrafts. The probability of recovering these amounts is primarily related to
the number of days that have elapsed since an account had activity, such as a purchase, ATM
transaction or fee assessment. Generally, we recover 60-70% of overdrawn account balances in
accounts that have had activity in the last 30 days, 10-20% in accounts that have had activity in
the last 30 to 60 days, and less than 10% when more than 60 days have elapsed.
We establish a reserve for uncollectible overdrawn accounts for maintenance fees we assess and
purchase transactions we honor, in each case in excess of a cardholders account balance. We
classify overdrawn accounts into age groups based on the number of days since the account last had
activity. We then calculate a reserve factor for each age group based on the average recovery rate
for the most recent six months. These factors are applied to these age groups to estimate our
overall reserve. We rely on these historical rates because they have remained relatively consistent
for several years. When more than 90 days have passed without any activity in an account, we
consider recovery to be remote and charge off the full amount of the overdrawn account balance
against the reserve for uncollectible overdrawn accounts.
Overdrafts due to maintenance fee assessments comprised approximately 94% of our total
overdrawn account balances due from cardholders for the nine months ended September 30, 2010. We
charge our GPR cardholder accounts maintenance fees on a monthly basis pursuant to the terms and
conditions in the applicable cardholder agreements. Although cardholder accounts become inactive or
overdrawn, we continue to provide cardholders the ongoing functionality of our GPR cards, which
allows them to reload and use their cards at any time. As a result, we continue to assess a
maintenance fee until a cardholder account becomes overdrawn by an amount equal to two maintenance
fees, currently $6.00 for the Walmart MoneyCard and $11.90 for our Green Dot-branded GPR cards. We
recognize the fees ratably over the month for which they are assessed, net of the related reserve
for uncollectible overdrawn accounts, as a component of card revenues in our consolidated
statements of operations.
We include our reserve for uncollectible overdrawn accounts related to purchase transactions
in other general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. As the
recovery rate for gift card overdrafts is based solely upon relatively unpredictable factors, such
as negotiations with merchants where purchase transactions are conducted, we generally reserve
these amounts in full as they occur and recognize recoveries on a cash basis.
Our recovery rates may change in the future in response to factors such as the pricing of
reloads and new cards and the availability of substitute products.
Employee Stock-Based Compensation
Effective August 1, 2006, we adopted a new accounting standard using the prospective
transition method, which required compensation expense to be recognized on a prospective basis, and
therefore prior period financial statements do not include the impact of our adoption of this
standard. Compensation expense recognized relates to stock options granted, modified, repurchased,
or cancelled on or after August 1, 2006 and stock purchases under our employee stock purchase plan,
or ESPP. We record compensation expense using the fair value method of accounting. For stock
options and stock purchases under the ESPP, we base compensation expense on fair values estimated
at the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. For stock awards, we base
compensation expense on the estimated fair value of our common stock at the grant date. We
recognize compensation expense for awards with only service conditions that have graded vesting
schedules on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the award. Vesting is based upon
continued service to our company.
We continue to account for stock options granted to employees prior to August 1, 2006, using
the intrinsic value method. Under the intrinsic value method, compensation associated with stock
awards to employees was determined as the difference, if any, between the fair value of the
underlying common stock on the grant date, and the price an employee must pay to exercise the
award.
16
We measure the fair value of equity instruments issued to non-employees as of the earlier of
the date a performance commitment has been reached by the counterparty or the date performance is
completed by the counterparty. We determine the fair value using the Black-Scholes option-pricing
model or the fair value of our common stock, as applicable, and recognize related expense in the
same periods that the goods or services are received.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2010, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, 2010-09, Subsequent
Events Amendments to Certain Recognition and Disclosure Requirements, which amends the
disclosure requirements related to subsequent events. Effective immediately, the ASU retracts the
requirement to disclose the date through which subsequent events have been evaluated for a SEC
filer. We adopted this ASU in the first quarter of 2010.
Comparison of Three Months Ended September 30, 2010 and 2009
Operating Revenues
The following table presents a breakdown of our operating revenues among card, cash transfer
and interchange revenues as well as contra-revenue items:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended September 30, |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating |
|
|
|
Amount |
|
|
Revenues |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
Revenues |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|
|
|
|
|
Operating revenues: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Card revenues |
|
$ |
40,592 |
|
|
|
45.7 |
% |
|
$ |
30,849 |
|
|
|
47.2 |
% |
Cash transfer revenues |
|
|
26,484 |
|
|
|
29.8 |
|
|
|
17,256 |
|
|
|
26.4 |
|
Interchange revenues |
|
|
27,044 |
|
|
|
30.4 |
|
|
|
17,213 |
|
|
|
26.4 |
|
Stock-based retailer incentive compensation |
|
|
(5,216 |
) |
|
|
(5.9 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating revenues |
|
$ |
88,904 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
$ |
65,318 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Card RevenuesCard revenues totaled $40.6 million for the three months ended September 30,
2010, an increase of $9.8 million, or 32%, from the comparable period in 2009. The increase was
primarily the result of period-over-period growth of 36% in the number of GPR cards activated and
50% in the number of active cards in our portfolio. This growth was driven by a variety of factors
including growth in the number of our cards sold through our established distribution channels and
expansion through our online distribution channel and the launch of new retailers like 7-Eleven.
Additionally, the fee reductions and new product features that we launched in July 2009 helped us
attract significant numbers of new users of our Green Dot branded products. These fee reductions
also contributed to the decline in card revenues as a percentage of total operating revenues.
Cash Transfer RevenuesCash transfer revenues totaled $26.5 million for the three months
ended September 30, 2010, an increase of $9.2 million, or 53%, from the comparable period in 2009.
The increase was primarily the result of period-over-period growth of 53% in the number of cash
transfers sold. The increase in cash transfer volume was driven both by growth in our active card
base and growth in cash transfer volume from third-party programs participating on our network.
Interchange RevenuesInterchange revenues totaled $27.0 million for the three months ended
September 30, 2010, an increase of $9.8 million, or 57%, from the comparable period in 2009. The
increase was primarily the result of period-over-period growth of 50% in the number of active cards
in our portfolio, driven by the factors discussed above under Card Revenues, and an increase in
the average transactional volume of the active cards in our portfolio.
Stock-based retailer incentive compensationOur right to repurchase lapsed as to 110,430
shares issued to Walmart during the three months ended September 30, 2010. We recognized the fair
value of the shares using the then-current fair market value of our Class A common stock, resulting
in $5.2 million being recorded as stock-based retailer incentive compensation.
17
Operating Expenses
The following table presents a breakdown of our operating expenses among sales and marketing,
compensation and benefits, processing, and other general and administrative expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended September 30, |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating |
|
|
|
Amount |
|
|
Revenues |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
Revenues |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|
|
|
|
|
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales and marketing expenses |
|
$ |
30,305 |
|
|
|
34.1 |
% |
|
$ |
17,182 |
|
|
|
26.3 |
% |
Compensation and benefits expenses |
|
|
17,621 |
|
|
|
19.8 |
|
|
|
12,666 |
|
|
|
19.4 |
|
Processing expenses |
|
|
14,579 |
|
|
|
16.4 |
|
|
|
9,951 |
|
|
|
15.2 |
|
Other general and administrative expenses |
|
|
10,976 |
|
|
|
12.4 |
|
|
|
7,587 |
|
|
|
11.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses |
|
$ |
73,481 |
|
|
|
82.7 |
% |
|
$ |
47,386 |
|
|
|
72.5 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales and Marketing ExpensesSales and marketing expenses totaled $30.3 million for the three
months ended September 30, 2010, an increase of $13.1 million, or 76%, from the comparable period
in 2009. The increase was primarily the result of an $11.7 million increase in sales commissions
and manufacturing and distribution costs due to increased sales commissions paid to Walmart as a
result of entering into our amended prepaid card agreement and the increased numbers of GPR cards
and MoneyPaks sold compared with the corresponding period in 2009. The increase in sales and
marketing expenses was also due to a $1.4 million increase in advertising and marketing expenses,
as we did substantial online advertising and deployed more in-store displays than in the 2009
comparison period.
Compensation and Benefits ExpensesCompensation and benefits expenses totaled $17.6 million
for the three months ended September 30, 2010, an increase of $4.9 million, or 39%, from the
comparable period in 2009. This increase was primarily the result of a $3.1 million increase in
employee compensation and benefits, which included a $0.9 million increase in employee stock-based
compensation. The period-over-period growth in employee compensation and benefits is due to
additional employee headcount as we continued to expand our operations and assumed the reporting
requirements and compliance obligations of a public company. The increase in compensation and
benefits expenses was also due to a $1.8 million increase in third-party call center contractor
expenses as the number of active cards in our portfolio and associated call volumes increased from
the three months ended September 30, 2009 to the three months ended September 30, 2010.
Processing ExpensesProcessing expenses totaled $14.6 million for the three months ended
September 30, 2010, an increase of $4.6 million, or 46%, from the comparable period in 2009. The
increase was primarily the result of period-over-period growth of 50% in the number of active cards
in our portfolio.
Other General and Administrative ExpensesOther general and administrative expenses totaled
$11.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2010, an increase of $3.4 million, or 45%,
from the comparable period in 2009. The increase was partly the result of a $0.9 million increase
relating to telephone and communications expenses resulting from increased use of our call center
and our interactive voice response system, or IVR, as the number of active cards in our portfolio
increased. The increase in other general and administrative expenses was also the result of a $1.0 million increase in
transaction losses, primarily associated with customer disputed transactions, and a $0.8 million increase in depreciation and amortization of property and equipment due to expansion of our
infrastructure to support our growth.
Income Tax Expense
Our income tax expense decreased by $1.0 million to $6.5 million in the three months ended
September 30, 2010 from the comparable period in 2009, and our effective tax rate increased 0.2%
from 42.0% to 42.2% due to non-deductible expenses related to our initial public offering that we
recognized in the three months ended September 30, 2010. Excluding the impact of this discrete
item, our effective tax rate would have been 40.3%.
18
Comparison of Nine Months Ended September 30, 2010 and 2009
Operating Revenues
The following table presents a breakdown of our operating revenues among card, cash transfer
and interchange revenues as well as contra-revenue items:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating |
|
|
|
Amount |
|
|
Revenues |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
Revenues |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|
|
|
|
|
Operating revenues: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Card revenues |
|
$ |
124,978 |
|
|
|
45.9 |
% |
|
$ |
93,011 |
|
|
|
49.2 |
% |
Cash transfer revenues |
|
|
73,630 |
|
|
|
27.1 |
|
|
|
49,383 |
|
|
|
26.1 |
|
Interchange revenues |
|
|
81,106 |
|
|
|
29.8 |
|
|
|
46,554 |
|
|
|
24.7 |
|
Stock-based retailer incentive compensation |
|
|
(7,673 |
) |
|
|
(2.8 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating revenues |
|
$ |
272,041 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
$ |
188,948 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Card RevenuesCard revenues totaled $125.0 million for the nine months ended September 30,
2010, an increase of $32.0 million, or 34%, from the comparable period in 2009. The increase was
primarily the result of period-over-period growth of 62% in the number of GPR cards activated and
50% in the number of active cards in our portfolio. Our card revenues were also impacted by the
same factors that impacted our card revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2010.
Cash Transfer RevenuesCash transfer revenues totaled $73.6 million for the nine months ended
September 30, 2010, an increase of $24.2 million, or 49%, from the comparable period in 2009. The
increase was primarily the result of period-over-period growth of 59% in the number of cash
transfers sold, partially offset by a shift in our mix of retail distributors toward Walmart. The
increase in cash transfer volume was driven both by growth in our active card base and growth in
cash transfer volume from third-party programs participating in our network.
Interchange RevenuesInterchange revenues totaled $81.1 million for the nine months ended
September 30, 2010, an increase of $34.5 million, or 74%, from the comparable period in 2009. The
increase was primarily the result of period-over-period growth of 50% in the number of active cards
in our portfolio and 92% in gross dollar volume, driven by the factors discussed above under Card
Revenues, and an increase in the average transactional volume of the active cards in our
portfolio.
Stock-based retailer incentive compensationOur right to repurchase lapsed as to 184,050
shares issued to Walmart during the nine months ended September 30, 2010. We recognized the fair
value of the shares using the then-current fair market value of our Class A common stock, resulting
in $7.7 million being recorded as stock-based retailer incentive compensation.
Operating Expenses
The following table presents a breakdown of our operating expenses among sales and marketing,
compensation and benefits, processing, and other general and administrative expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating |
|
|
|
Amount |
|
|
Revenues |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
Revenues |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|
|
|
|
|
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales and marketing expenses |
|
$ |
87,777 |
|
|
|
32.3 |
% |
|
$ |
52,430 |
|
|
|
27.7 |
% |
Compensation and benefits expenses |
|
|
50,474 |
|
|
|
18.6 |
|
|
|
32,827 |
|
|
|
17.4 |
|
Processing expenses |
|
|
43,131 |
|
|
|
15.9 |
|
|
|
27,092 |
|
|
|
14.3 |
|
Other general and administrative expenses |
|
|
33,997 |
|
|
|
12.4 |
|
|
|
18,721 |
|
|
|
10.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses |
|
$ |
215,379 |
|
|
|
79.2 |
% |
|
$ |
131,070 |
|
|
|
69.4 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales and Marketing ExpensesSales and marketing expenses totaled $87.8 million for the nine
months ended September 30, 2010, an increase of $35.4 million, or 68%, from the comparable period
in 2009. The increase was primarily the result of a $25.7 million increase in sales commissions and
manufacturing and distribution costs due to increased sales commissions paid to Walmart as a result
of entering into our amended prepaid card agreement and the increased numbers of GPR cards and
MoneyPaks sold compared with the corresponding period. The increase in sales and marketing expenses
was also due to a $9.7 million increase in advertising and marketing expenses, as we significantly
increased our television and online advertising and deployed more in-store displays than in the
2009 comparison period.
19
Compensation and Benefits ExpensesCompensation and benefits expenses totaled $50.5 million
for the nine months ended September 30, 2010, an increase of $17.7 million, or 54%, from the
comparable period in 2009. The increase was primarily the result of a $10.8 million increase in
employee compensation and benefits, which included a $3.3 million increase in employee stock-based
compensation. The period-over-period growth in employee compensation and benefits was due to
additional employee headcount as we continued to expand our operations and assumed the reporting
requirements and compliance obligations of a public company. The increase in compensation and
benefits expenses was also due to a $6.9 million increase in third-party call center contractor
expenses as the number of active cards in our portfolio and associated call volumes increased from
the nine months ended September 30, 2009 to the nine months ended September 30, 2010.
Processing ExpensesProcessing expenses totaled $43.1 million for the nine months ended
September 30, 2010, an increase of $16.0 million, or 59%, from the comparable period in 2009. The
increase was primarily the result of period-over-period growth of 50% in the number of active cards
in our portfolio and 92% in gross dollar volume.
Other General and Administrative ExpensesOther general and administrative expenses totaled
$34.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2010, an increase of $15.3 million, or 82%,
from the comparable period in 2009. The increase was partly the result of an increase of $6.9
million relating to professional services expenses, $5.1 million of which resulted from expenses
related to our initial public offering as we did not expect to receive any proceeds from the sale
of our Class A common stock, all of which were sold by existing stockholders, and $1.8 million of
which represented an increase in professional services fees primarily incurred in connection with
our proposed bank acquisition and other corporate development initiatives. The increase in other
general and administrative expenses was also the result of a $3.0 million increase in telephone and
communications expenses resulting from increased use of our call center and our IVR, as the number
of active cards in our portfolio increased. Additionally, depreciation and amortization of property
and equipment increased by $1.9 million due to expansion of our infrastructure to support our
growth and we experienced a $1.5 million increases in transaction losses, primarily associated with
customer disputed transactions.
Income Tax Expense
Our income tax expense decreased by $1.7 million to $22.6 million in the nine months ended
September 30, 2010 from the comparable period in 2009, and our effective tax rate decreased 2.3%
from 42.0% to 39.7% primarily as a result of a tax benefit that we recognized during the nine
months ended September 30, 2010. The tax benefit was due to a change in the apportionment method
we use in California. Under the alternative apportionment method, approved by the California
Franchise Tax Board in May 2010, we apportion less income to California, resulting in a lower
effective state tax rate. The decrease in the effective tax rate was partially offset by
non-deductible expenses related to our initial public offering recognized in the nine months ended
September 30, 2010. Excluding the impact of these discrete items, our effective tax rate would have
been 40.3%.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The following table summarizes our major sources and uses of cash for the periods presented:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nine Months Ended |
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
Total cash provided by (used in) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating activities |
|
$ |
77,493 |
|
|
$ |
41,614 |
|
Investing activities |
|
|
(103 |
) |
|
|
(18,575 |
) |
Financing activities |
|
|
1,888 |
|
|
|
(2,413 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase in cash and cash equivalents |
|
$ |
79,278 |
|
|
$ |
20,626 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In the nine months ended September 30, 2010 and 2009, we financed our operations primarily
through our cash flows from operations. At September 30, 2010, our primary source of liquidity was
unrestricted cash and cash equivalents totaling $135.6 million.
We use trend and variance analyses to project future cash needs, making adjustments to the
projections when needed. We believe that our current unrestricted cash and cash equivalents and
cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure
requirements for at least the next twelve months. Thereafter, we may need to raise additional funds
through public or private financings or borrowings. Any additional financing we require may not be
available on terms that are favorable to us, or at all. If we raise additional funds through the
issuance of equity or convertible debt securities, our existing stockholders could suffer
significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and
privileges superior to those of holders of our Class A and Class B common stock. No assurance can
be given that additional financing will be available or that, if available, such financing can be
obtained on terms favorable to our stockholders and us.
In February 2010, we entered into a definitive agreement for our proposed bank acquisition.
Under the terms of the agreement, we have agreed to acquire all of the outstanding common shares
and voting interest of Bonneville Bancorp for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $15.7
million in cash. We plan to pay for the acquisition with existing cash balances. We currently
expect to complete this acquisition in the fourth quarter of calendar 2010. However, the
acquisition is subject to regulatory approval and other customary closing conditions and,
therefore, there can be no assurance that our proposed bank acquisition will be completed within in
this timeframe, or at all.
20
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Our $77.5 million of net cash provided by operating activities in the nine months ended
September 30, 2010 principally resulted from $34.3 million of net income, the adjustment for
non-cash operating expenses of $53.6 million (including $34.9 million for the provision for
uncollectible overdrawn accounts, $7.7 million for stock-based retail incentive compensation, $5.4
million for depreciation and amortization and $5.2 million of employee stock-based compensation), a
$9.8 million increase in amounts due to card issuing banks for overdrawn accounts and an $8.4
million increase in income taxes payable. These increases were partially offset by a $31.8 million
increase in accounts receivable and a $3.9 million decrease in deferred revenue.
Our $41.6 million of net cash provided by operating activities in the nine months ended
September 30, 2009 principally resulted from $33.7 million of net income, the adjustment for
non-cash operating expenses of $22.3 million (primarily $18.1 million for the provision for
uncollectible overdrawn accounts and $3.6 million for depreciation and amortization), a $5.0
million increase in amounts due to card issuing banks for overdrawn accounts and a $3.6 million
decrease in deferred expenses. These increases were partially offset by a $19.7 million increase in
accounts receivable and a $5.0 million decrease in deferred revenue.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Our $0.1 million of net cash used in investing activities in the nine months ended September
30, 2010 consisted of the purchase of $10.3 million of property and equipment almost entirely
offset by a $10.2 million decrease in restricted cash. Our $18.6 million of net cash used in
investing activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2009 consisted of a $13.0 million
increase in restricted cash and the purchase of $5.6 million of property and equipment related to
expanding our operations, including the development of internal-use software, which we capitalized.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Our $1.9 million of net cash provided by financing activities in the nine months ended
September 30, 2010 was the result of proceeds from the exercise of stock options and warrants. Our
$2.4 million of net cash used in financing activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2009
was primarily associated with the exercise of a call option on a common stock warrant for $2.0
million and the redemption of preferred and common stock for $0.6 million.
21
ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Market risk is the potential for economic losses from changes in market factors such as
foreign currency exchange rates, credit, interest rates and equity prices. We believe that we have
limited exposure to risks associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest
rates and equity prices. We have no foreign operations, and we do not transact business in foreign
currencies. We do not hold or enter into derivatives or other financial instruments for trading or
speculative purposes. We do not consider our cash and cash equivalents to be subject to interest
rate risk due to their short periods of time to maturity.
We do have exposure to credit risk associated with the financial institutions that hold our
cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and our settlement assets due from our retail
distributors that collect funds and fees from our customers. We manage the credit risk associated
with our cash and cash equivalents by maintaining an investment policy that limits investments to
highly liquid funds with certain highly rated financial institutions. Our policy also limits the
investment concentration that we may have with a single financial institution. We monitor
compliance with our investment policy on an ongoing basis, including quarterly communication with
the audit committee of our board of directors.
We also have exposure to credit risk associated with our retail distributors, but that
exposure is limited due to the short time period, currently an average of three days, that the
retailer settlement asset is outstanding. We perform an initial credit review of each new retail
distributor prior to signing a distribution agreement with it, and then monitor its financial
performance on a periodic basis. We monitor each retail distributors settlement asset exposure and
its compliance with its specified contractual settlement terms on a daily basis.
ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls and proceduresOur management, with the participation of our Chief
Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure
controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)), and internal control over
financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) at the end of the
period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief
Financial Officer have concluded that, at the end of such period, our disclosure controls and
procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that
we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the
time periods specified in the SECs rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to our
management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to
allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Change in internal control over financial reportingThere was no material change in our
internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and
15d-15(f)) during the three months ended September 30, 2010 that has materially affected, or is
reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Limitations on Effectiveness of ControlsOur management, including our Chief Executive
Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or
our internal controls will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well
conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of
the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that
there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their
costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can
provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our
company have been detected.
22
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors
Set forth below and elsewhere in this report and in other documents we file with the SEC are
descriptions of the risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ
materially from the results contemplated by the forward-looking statements contained in this
report. The descriptions below include any material changes to and supersede the description of the
risk factors affecting our business previously disclosed in Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors of our
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 12, 2010.
Risks Related to Our Business
Our growth rates may decline in the future.
In recent quarters, our operating income and net income have fluctuated and the rate of growth
of our operating revenues generally has declined on a sequential basis and in the three months ended September 30, 2010,
the rate of growth was negative relative to the second quarter of 2010. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will be able to
continue our historical growth rates in future periods, and we would expect seasonal or other
influences and fluctuations in stock-based retailer incentive compensation caused by variations in
our stock price to cause sequential quarterly fluctuations and periodic declines in our operating
revenues, operating income and net income. In particular, our results for the three months ended
March 31, 2010 were favorably affected by large numbers of taxpayers electing to receive their
refunds via direct deposit on our cards, and our results for the subsequent two quarters were
adversely affected by stock-based retailer incentive compensation that reduced our total operating
revenues. The incremental seasonal operating revenues in the three months ended March 31, 2010 may
not be replicated in the remaining quarter of 2010 and the on-going stock-based retailer incentive
compensation will continue to reduce our total operating revenues. Thus, our
quarterly total operating revenues for the fourth quarter of 2010 may be below those in the three
months ended March 31, 2010.
In the near term, our continued growth depends in significant part on our ability, among other
things, to attract new users of our products, to expand our reload network and to increase our
operating revenues per customer. Since the value we provide to our network participants relates in
large part to the number of users of, businesses that accept reloads or payments through, and
applications enabled by, the Green Dot Network, our operating revenues could suffer if we were
unable to increase the number of purchasers of our GPR cards and to expand and adapt our reload
network to meet consumers evolving needs. We may fail to expand our reload network for a number of
reasons, including our inability to produce products and services that appeal to consumers and lead
to increased new card sales, our loss of one or more key retail distributors or our loss of key, or
failure to add, businesses that accept reloads or payments through the Green Dot Network, which we
refer to as our network acceptance members.
We may not be able to increase card usage and cardholder retention, which have been two
important contributors to our growth. Currently, many of our cardholders use their cards
infrequently or do not reload their cards. We may be unable to generate increases in card usage or
cardholder retention for a number of reasons, including our inability to maintain our existing
distribution channels, the failure of our cardholder retention and usage incentives to influence
cardholder behavior, our inability to predict accurately consumer preferences or industry changes
and to modify our products and services on a timely basis in response thereto, and our inability to
produce new features and services that appeal to cardholders.
As the prepaid financial services industry continues to develop, our competitors may be able
to offer products and services that are, or that are perceived to be, substantially similar to or
better than ours. This may force us to compete on the basis of price and to expend significant
advertising, marketing and other resources in order to remain competitive. Even if we are
successful at increasing our operating revenues through our various initiatives and strategies, we
will experience an inevitable decline in growth rates as our operating revenues increase to higher
levels and we may also experience a decline in margins. If our operating revenue growth rates slow
materially or decline, our business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely
affected.
Operating revenues derived from sales at Walmart and our other three largest retail
distributors, as a group, represented 63% and 20%, respectively, of our total operating revenues
and 65% and 20%, respectively, of our total operating revenues, excluding stock-based retailer
incentive compensation, during the three months ended September 30, 2010, and the loss of operating
revenues from any of these retail distributors would adversely affect our business.
Most of our operating revenues are derived from prepaid financial services sold at our four
largest retail distributors. As a percentage of total operating revenues, operating revenues
derived from products and services sold at the store locations of Walmart and our three other
largest retail distributors, as a group, were approximately 63% and 20%, respectively, in the three
months ended September 30, 2010. We do not expect calendar 2010 operating revenues derived from
products and services sold at Walmart stores to change significantly as a percentage of our total
operating revenues from the percentage in the three months ended September 30, 2010, and expect
that Walmart and our other three largest retail distributors will continue to have a significant
impact on our operating revenues in future years. It would be difficult to replace any of our large
retail distributors, particularly Walmart, and the operating revenues derived from sales of our
products and services at their stores. Accordingly, the loss of Walmart or any of our other three
largest retail distributors would have a material adverse effect on our business, and might have a
positive impact on the business of one of our competitors if it were able to replace us. In
addition, any publicity associated with the loss of any of our large retail distributors could harm
our reputation, making it more difficult to attract and retain consumers and other retail
distributors, and could lessen our negotiating power with our remaining and prospective retail
distributors.
Our contracts with these retail distributors have terms that expire at various dates between
2011 and 2015, but they can in limited circumstances, such as our material breach or insolvency, or
in the case of Walmart, our failure to meet agreed-upon service levels, certain changes in control
of GE Money Bank or us, or our inability or unwillingness to agree to requested pricing changes, be
terminated by these retail distributors on relatively short notice. Although we actively work to
maintain our existing retail distributor relationships, there can be no assurance that we will be
able to continue our
relationships with our largest retail distributors on the same or more favorable terms in
future periods or that our relationships will continue beyond the terms of our existing
23
contracts with them. Our operating revenues and operating results could suffer if, among other
things, any of our retail distributors renegotiates, terminates or fails to renew, or to renew on
similar or favorable terms, its agreement with us or otherwise chooses to modify the level of
support it provides for our products.
Our future success depends upon our retail distributors active and effective promotion of our
products and services, but their interests and operational decisions might not always align with
our interests.
Substantially all of our operating revenues are derived from our products and services sold at
the stores of our retail distributors. Revenues from our retail distributors depend on a number of
factors outside our control and may vary from period to period. Because we compete with many other
providers of consumer products for placement and promotion of products in the stores of our retail
distributors, our success depends on our retail distributors and their willingness to promote our
products and services successfully. In general, our contracts with these third parties allow them
to exercise significant discretion over the placement and promotion of our products in their
stores, and they could give higher priority to the products and services of other companies.
Accordingly, losing the support of our retail distributors might limit or reduce the sales of our
cards and MoneyPak reload product. Our operating revenues may also be negatively affected by our
retail distributors operational decisions. For example, if a retail distributor fails to train its
cashiers to sell our products and services or implements changes in its systems that disrupt the
integration between its systems and ours, we could experience a decline in our product sales. Even
if our retail distributors actively and effectively promote our products and services, there can be
no assurance that their efforts will result in growth of our operating revenues.
Our operating results may fluctuate in the future, which could cause our stock price to
decline.
Our quarterly and annual results of operations may fluctuate in the future as a result of a
variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. If our results of operations fall
below the expectations of investors or any securities analysts who follow our Class A common stock,
the trading price of our Class A common stock could decline substantially. Fluctuations in our
quarterly or annual results of operations may be due to a number of factors, including, but not
limited to:
|
|
|
the timing and volume of purchases, use and reloads of our prepaid cards and related
products and services; |
|
|
|
|
the timing and success of new product or service introductions by us or our competitors; |
|
|
|
|
seasonality in the purchase or use of our products and services; |
|
|
|
|
reductions in the level of interchange rates that can be charged; |
|
|
|
|
fluctuations in customer retention rates; |
|
|
|
|
changes in the mix of products and services that we sell; |
|
|
|
|
changes in the mix of retail distributors through which we sell our products and
services; |
|
|
|
|
the timing of commencement, renegotiation or termination of relationships with
significant retail distributors; |
|
|
|
|
the timing of commencement, renegotiation or termination of relationships with
significant network acceptance members; |
|
|
|
|
changes in our or our competitors pricing policies or sales terms; |
|
|
|
|
the timing of commencement and termination of major advertising campaigns; |
|
|
|
|
the timing of costs related to the development or acquisition of complementary
businesses; |
|
|
|
|
the timing of costs of any major litigation to which we are a party; |
|
|
|
|
the amount and timing of operating costs related to the maintenance and expansion of our
business, operations and infrastructure; |
|
|
|
|
our ability to control costs, including third-party service provider costs; |
|
|
|
|
volatility in the trading price of our Class A common stock, which may lead to higher
stock-based compensation expenses or fluctuations in the valuations of vesting equity that
cause variations in our stock-based retailer incentive compensation; and |
|
|
|
|
changes in the regulatory environment affecting the banking or electronic payments
industries generally or prepaid financial services specifically. |
The industry in which we compete is highly competitive, which could adversely affect our
operating revenue growth.
The prepaid financial services industry is highly competitive and includes a variety of
financial and non-financial services vendors. Our current and potential competitors include:
|
|
|
prepaid card program managers, such as First Data Corporation, NetSpend Holdings, Inc. ,
AccountNow, Inc., PreCash Inc. and UniRush, LLC ; |
|
|
|
|
reload network providers, such as Visa, Inc. (or Visa), MasterCard International
Incorporated (or MasterCard), The Western Union Company and MoneyGram International, Inc.;
and |
|
|
|
|
prepaid card distributors, such as InComm and Blackhawk Network, Inc. |
Some of these vendors compete with us in more than one of the vendor categories described
above, while others are primarily focused in a single category. In addition, competitors in one
category have worked or are working with competitors in other categories to compete with us. A
portion of our cash transfer revenues is derived from reloads to cards managed by companies that
compete with us as program managers. We also face potential competition from retail distributors or
from other companies, such as Visa, that may in the future decide to compete, or compete more
aggressively, in the prepaid financial services industry.
We also compete with businesses outside of the prepaid financial services industry, including
traditional providers of financial services, such as banks that offer demand deposit accounts and
card issuers that offer credit cards, private label retail cards and gift cards.
Many existing and potential competitors have longer operating histories and greater name
recognition than we do. In addition, many of our existing and potential competitors are
substantially larger than we are, may already have or could develop substantially greater financial
and other resources
24
than we have, may offer, develop or introduce a wider range of programs and services than we offer
or may use more effective advertising and marketing strategies than we do to achieve broader brand
recognition, customer awareness and retail penetration. We may also face price competition that
results in decreases in the purchase and use of our products and services. To stay competitive, we
may have to increase the incentives that we offer to our retail distributors and decrease the
prices of our products and services, which could adversely affect our operating results.
Our continued growth depends on our ability to compete effectively against existing and
potential competitors that seek to provide prepaid cards or other electronic payment products and
services. If we fail to compete effectively against any of the foregoing threats, our revenues,
operating results, prospects for future growth and overall business could be materially and
adversely affected.
We operate in a highly regulated environment, and failure by us, the banks that issue our cards or the
businesses that participate in our reload network to comply with applicable laws and regulations
could have an adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.
We operate in a highly regulated environment, and failure by us, the banks that issue our cards or the
businesses that participate in our reload network to comply with the laws and regulations to which
we are subject could negatively impact our business. We are subject to state money transmission
licensing requirements and a wide range of federal and other state laws and regulations. In
particular, our products and services are subject to an increasingly strict set of legal and
regulatory requirements intended to protect consumers and to help detect and prevent money
laundering, terrorist financing and other illicit activities.
Many of these laws and regulations are evolving, unclear and inconsistent across various
jurisdictions, and ensuring compliance with them is difficult and costly. For example, with
increasing frequency, federal and state regulators are holding businesses like ours to higher
standards of training, monitoring and compliance, including monitoring for possible violations of
laws by the businesses that participate in our reload network. Failure by us or those businesses to
comply with the laws and regulations to which we are subject could result in fines, penalties or
limitations on our ability to conduct our business, or federal or state actions, any of which could
significantly harm our reputation with consumers and other network participants, banks that issue
our cards and regulators, and could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results
and financial condition.
Changes in laws and regulations to which we are subject, or to which we may become subject,
may increase our costs of operation, decrease our operating revenues and disrupt our business.
Changes in laws and regulations may occur that could increase our compliance and other costs
of doing business, require significant systems redevelopment, or render our products or services
less profitable or obsolete, any of which could have an adverse effect on our results of
operations. We could face more stringent anti-money laundering rules and regulations, as well as
more stringent licensing rules and regulations, compliance with which could be expensive and time
consuming.
Changes in laws and regulations governing the way our products and services are sold could
adversely affect our ability to distribute our products and services and the cost of providing
those products and services. If onerous regulatory requirements were imposed on the sale of our
products and services, the requirements could lead to a loss of retail distributors, which, in
turn, could materially and adversely impact our operations. For example, in June 2010, the
Financial Crimes Enforcement Network of the U.S. Department of Treasury published for comment
proposed new rules regarding, among other things, the applicability of the Bank Secrecy Acts
anti-money laundering provisions to prepaid products such as ours. If adopted as proposed, these
new rules would establish a more comprehensive regulatory framework for access to prepaid financial
services. As currently drafted, the proposed rules would significantly change the way customer
data, including identification information, is collected for certain prepaid products (including
our cards) by shifting the point of collection from us to our retail distributors. We believe that,
if the rules are adopted as currently proposed, we and our retail distributors would need to modify
operational elements of our product offering to comply with the proposed rules. If we or any of our
retail distributors were unwilling or unable to make any required operational changes to comply
with the proposed rules as adopted, we would no longer be able to sell our cards through that
noncompliant retail distributor, which could have a material adverse effect on our business,
financial position and results of operations. However, as the proposed rules are subject to further
comment and revision, it is difficult to determine with any certainty what obligations the final
rules might impose or what impact they might have on our business or that of our retail
distributors.
State and federal legislators and regulators have become increasingly focused on the banking
and consumer financial services industries, and continue to propose and adopt new legislation that
could result in significant adverse changes in the regulatory landscape for financial institutions
(including card issuing banks) and other financial services companies (including us).
For example, changes in the way we or the banks that issue our cards are regulated, such as the
changes under the recently-enacted Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, or the Dodd-Frank Act,
related to the consolidation of the primary federal regulators for savings banks and national banks
and the establishment of a federal Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, or the Bureau, with
oversight over us and our products and services, could expose us and the banks that issue our cards
to increased regulatory oversight, more burdensome regulation of our business, and increased
litigation risk, each of which could increase our costs and decrease our operating revenues.
Additionally, changes to the limitations placed on fees, the interchange rates that can be charged
or the disclosures that must be provided with respect to our products and services could increase
our costs and decrease our operating revenues.
Our actual operating results may differ significantly from our guidance.
From time to time, we may release guidance in our quarterly earnings releases, quarterly
earnings conference calls, or otherwise, regarding our future performance that represents our
managements estimates as of the date of release. This guidance, which includes forward-looking
statements, is based on projections prepared by our management. These projections are not prepared
with a view toward compliance with published guidelines of the American Institute of Certified
Public Accountants, and neither our registered public accountants nor any other independent expert
or outside party compiles or examines the projections and, accordingly, no such person expresses
any opinion or any other form of assurance with respect thereto.
25
Projections are based upon a number of assumptions and estimates that, while presented with
numerical specificity, are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive
uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control, and are based upon specific
assumptions with respect to future business decisions, some of which will change. We intend to
state possible outcomes as high and low ranges that are intended to provide a sensitivity analysis
as variables are changed but are not intended to guaranty that actual results could not fall
outside of the suggested ranges. The principal reason that we release guidance is to provide a
basis for our management to discuss our business outlook with analysts and investors. We do not
accept any responsibility for any projections or reports published by any of these persons.
Guidance is necessarily speculative in nature, and it can be expected that some or all of the
assumptions of the guidance furnished by us will not prove to be correct or will vary significantly
from actual results. Accordingly, our guidance is only an estimate of what management believes is
realizable as of the date of release. Actual results will vary from our guidance and the variations
may be material. In light of the foregoing, investors are urged not to rely upon, or otherwise
consider, our guidance in making an investment decision in respect of our Class A common stock.
Any failure to successfully implement our operating strategy or the occurrence of any of the
events or circumstances set forth in our Risk Factors in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q could
result in the actual operating results being different from our guidance, and such differences may
be adverse and material.
Our pending bank acquisition will, if successful, subject our business to significant new, and
potentially changing, regulatory requirements, which may adversely affect our business, financial
position and results of operations.
Upon consummation of our pending bank acquisition, we will become a bank holding company
under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956. As a bank holding company, we will be required to file
periodic reports with, and will be subject to comprehensive supervision and examination by, the
Federal Reserve Board. Among other things, we and the subsidiary bank we acquire will be subject to
risk-based and leverage capital requirements, which could adversely affect our results of
operations and restrict our ability to grow. These capital requirements, as well as other federal
laws applicable to banks and bank holding companies, could also limit our ability to pay dividends.
We also would likely incur additional costs associated with legal and regulatory compliance as a
bank holding company, which could adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, as a
bank holding company, we would generally be prohibited from engaging, directly or indirectly, in
any activities other than those permissible for bank holding companies. This restriction might
limit our ability to pursue future business opportunities we might otherwise consider but which
might fall outside the activities permissible for a bank holding company.
Moreover, substantial changes to banking laws and regulations are possible in the near future.
The Dodd-Frank Act made numerous changes to the regulatory framework governing banking
organizations, and many of the provisions must be implemented by regulation. These regulations
could likewise substantially affect our business and operations. There are proposals in the U.S.
Congress that could make additional changes to the regulatory framework affecting our operations.
These changes, if they are made, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial position
and results of operations.
We rely on relationships with card issuing banks to conduct our business, and our results of
operations and financial position could be materially and adversely affected if we fail to maintain
these relationships or we maintain them under new terms that are less favorable to us.
Substantially all of our cards are issued by GE Money Bank or Columbus Bank and Trust Company,
a division of Synovus Bank. Our relationships with these banks are currently, and will be for the
foreseeable future, a critical component of our ability to conduct our business and to maintain our
revenue and expense structure, because we are currently unable to issue our own cards, and,
notwithstanding our pending bank acquisition, will be unable to do so for the foreseeable future at
the volume necessary to conduct our business, if at all. If we lose or do not maintain existing
banking relationships, we would incur significant switching and other costs and expenses and we and
users of our products and services could be significantly affected, creating contingent liabilities
for us. As a result, the failure to maintain adequate banking relationships could have a material
adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Our agreements with
the banks that issue our cards provide for revenue-sharing arrangements and cost and expense
allocations between the parties. Changes in the revenue-sharing arrangements or the costs and
expenses that we have to bear under these relationships could have a material impact on our
operating expenses. In addition, we may be unable to maintain adequate banking relationships or,
following their expiration in 2012 and 2015, renew our agreements with the banks that currently
issue substantially all of our cards under terms at least as favorable to us as those existing
before renewal.
We receive important services from third-party vendors, including card processing from Total
System Services, Inc. Replacing them would be difficult and disruptive to our business.
Some services relating to our business, including fraud management and other customer
verification services, transaction processing and settlement, card production and customer service,
are outsourced to third-party vendors, such as Total System Services, Inc. for card processing and
Genpact International, Inc. for call center services. It would be difficult to replace some of our
third-party vendors, particularly Total System Services, in a timely manner if they were unwilling
or unable to provide us with these services in the future, and our business and operations could be
adversely affected.
Changes in credit card association or other network rules or standards set by Visa and
MasterCard, or changes in card association and debit network fees or products or interchange rates,
could adversely affect our business, financial position and results of operations.
We and the banks that issue our cards are subject to Visa and MasterCard association rules
that could subject us to a variety of fines or penalties that may be levied by the card
associations or networks for acts or omissions by us or businesses that work with us, including
card processors, such as Total Systems Services, Inc. The termination of the card association
registrations held by us or any of the banks that issue our cards or any changes in card
association or other debit network rules or standards, including interpretation and implementation
of existing rules or standards, that increase the cost of doing business or limit our ability to
provide our products and services could have an adverse effect on our business, operating results
and
financial condition. In addition, from time to time, card associations increase the
organization and/or processing fees that they charge, which could increase our operating expenses,
reduce our profit margin and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial
condition.
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Furthermore, a substantial portion of our operating revenues is derived from interchange fees.
For the three months ended September 30, 2010, interchange revenues represented 30.4% of our total
operating revenues, and we expect interchange revenues to continue to represent a significant
percentage of our total operating revenues in the near term. The amount of interchange revenues
that we earn is highly dependent on the interchange rates that Visa and MasterCard set and adjust
from time to time. There is a substantial likelihood that interchange rates for certain products
and certain issuing banks will decline significantly in the future as a result of the
implementation of the Dodd-Frank Act, which requires the Federal Reserve Board to implement
regulations that will likely substantially limit interchange fees for many issuers. While the
interchange rates that may be earned by us and the bank we propose to acquire will be unaffected by
this new law, there can be no assurance that future legislation or regulation will not impact our
interchange revenues substantially. If interchange rates decline, whether due to actions by Visa or
MasterCard or future legislation or regulation, we would likely need to change our fee structure to
compensate for lost interchange revenues. To the extent we increase the pricing of our products and
services, we might find it more difficult to acquire consumers and to maintain or grow card usage
and customer retention. We also might have to discontinue certain products or services. As a
result, our operating revenues, operating results, prospects for future growth and overall business
could be materially and adversely affected.
Our business could suffer if there is a decline in the use of prepaid cards as a payment
mechanism or there are adverse developments with respect to the prepaid financial services industry
in general.
As the prepaid financial services industry evolves, consumers may find prepaid financial
services to be less attractive than traditional or other financial services. Consumers might not
use prepaid financial services for any number of reasons, including the general perception of our
industry. For example, negative publicity surrounding other prepaid financial service providers
could impact our business and prospects for growth to the extent it adversely impacts the
perception of prepaid financial services among consumers. If consumers do not continue or increase
their usage of prepaid cards, our operating revenues may remain at current levels or decline.
Predictions by industry analysts and others concerning the growth of the prepaid financial services
as an electronic payment mechanism, including those included in this prospectus, may overstate the
growth of any industry, segment or category, and you should not rely upon them. The projected
growth may not occur or may occur more slowly than estimated. If consumer acceptance of prepaid
financial services does not continue to develop or develops more slowly than expected or if there
is a shift in the mix of payment forms, such as cash, credit cards, traditional debit cards and
prepaid cards, away from our products and services, it could have a material adverse effect on our
financial position and results of operations.
Fraudulent and other illegal activity involving our products and services could lead to
reputational damage to us and reduce the use and acceptance of our cards and reload network.
Criminals are using increasingly sophisticated methods to engage in illegal activities
involving our cards or cardholder information, such as counterfeiting, fraudulent payment or refund
schemes and identity theft. We rely upon third parties for some transaction processing services,
which subjects us and our cardholders to risks related to the vulnerabilities of those third
parties. A single significant incident of fraud, or increases in the overall level of fraud,
involving our cards and other products and services, could result in reputational damage to us,
which could reduce the use and acceptance of our cards and other products and services, cause
retail distributors or network acceptance members to cease doing business with us or lead to
greater regulation that would increase our compliance costs.
A data security breach could expose us to liability and protracted and costly litigation, and
could adversely affect our reputation and operating revenues.
We, the banks that issue our cards and our retail distributors, network acceptance members and
third-party processors receive, transmit and store confidential customer and other information in
connection with the sale and use of our prepaid financial services. Our encryption software and the
other technologies we use to provide security for storage, processing and transmission of
confidential customer and other information may not be effective to protect against data security
breaches by third parties. The risk of unauthorized circumvention of our security measures has been
heightened by advances in computer capabilities and the increasing sophistication of hackers. The
banks that issue our cards and our retail distributors, network acceptance members and third-party
processors also may experience similar security breaches involving the receipt, transmission and
storage of our confidential customer and other information. Improper access to our or these third
parties systems or databases could result in the theft, publication, deletion or modification of
confidential customer and other information.
A data security breach of the systems on which sensitive cardholder data and account
information are stored could lead to fraudulent activity involving our products and services,
reputational damage and claims or regulatory actions against us. If we are sued in connection with
any data security breach, we could be involved in protracted and costly litigation. If unsuccessful
in defending that litigation, we might be forced to pay damages and/or change our business
practices or pricing structure, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our operating
revenues and profitability. We would also likely have to pay (or indemnify the banks that issue our
cards for) fines, penalties and/or other assessments imposed by Visa or MasterCard as a result of
any data security breach. Further, a significant data security breach could lead to additional
regulation, which could impose new and costly compliance obligations. In addition, a data security
breach at one of the banks that issue our cards or at our retail distributors, network acceptance
members or third-party processors could result in significant reputational harm to us and cause the
use and acceptance of our cards to decline, either of which could have a significant adverse impact
on our operating revenues and future growth prospects.
Litigation or investigations could result in significant settlements, fines or penalties.
We have been the subject of general litigation and regulatory oversight in the past, and could
be the subject of litigation, including class actions, and regulatory or judicial proceedings or
investigations in the future. The outcome of litigation and regulatory or judicial proceedings or
investigations is difficult to predict. Plaintiffs or regulatory agencies in these matters may seek
recovery of very large or indeterminate amounts or seek to have aspects of our business suspended
or modified. The monetary and other impact of these actions may remain unknown for substantial
periods of time. The cost to defend, settle or otherwise resolve these matters may be significant.
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If regulatory or judicial proceedings or investigations were to be initiated against us by
private or governmental entities, our business, results of operations and financial condition could
be adversely affected. Adverse publicity that may be associated with regulatory or judicial
proceedings or investigations could negatively impact our relationships with retail distributors,
network acceptance members and card processors and decrease acceptance and use of, and loyalty to,
our products and related services.
We must adequately protect our brand and the intellectual property rights related to our
products and services and avoid infringing on the proprietary rights of others.
The Green Dot brand is important to our business, and we utilize trademark registrations and
other means to protect it. Our business would be harmed if we were unable to protect our brand
against infringement and its value was to decrease as a result.
We rely on a combination of trademark and copyright laws, trade secret protection and
confidentiality and license agreements to protect the intellectual property rights related to our
products and services. We may unknowingly violate the intellectual property or other proprietary
rights of others and, thus, may be subject to claims by third parties. If so, we may be required to
devote significant time and resources to defending against these claims or to protecting and
enforcing our own rights. Some of our intellectual property rights may not be protected by
intellectual property laws, particularly in foreign jurisdictions. The loss of our intellectual
property or the inability to secure or enforce our intellectual property rights or to defend
successfully against an infringement action could harm our business, results of operations,
financial condition and prospects.
We are exposed to losses from cardholder account overdrafts.
Our cardholders can incur charges in excess of the funds available in their accounts, and we
may become liable for these overdrafts. While we decline authorization attempts for amounts that
exceed the available balance in a cardholders account, the application of card association rules,
the timing of the settlement of transactions and the assessment of the cards monthly maintenance
fee, among other things, can result in overdrawn accounts.
Maintenance fee assessment overdrafts accounted for approximately 95% of aggregate overdrawn
account balances in the three months ended September 30, 2010. Maintenance fee assessment
overdrafts occur as a result of our charging a cardholder, pursuant to the cards terms and
conditions, the monthly maintenance fee at a time when he or she does not have sufficient funds in
his or her account.
Our remaining overdraft exposure arises primarily from late-posting. A late-post occurs when a
merchant posts a transaction within a card association-permitted timeframe but subsequent to our
release of the authorization for that transaction, as permitted by card association rules. Under
card association rules, we may be liable for the amount of the transaction even if the cardholder
has made additional purchases in the intervening period and funds are no longer available on the
card at the time the transaction is posted.
Overdrawn account balances are funded on our behalf by the bank that issued the overdrawn
card. We are responsible to this card issuing bank for any losses associated with these overdrafts.
Overdrawn account balances are therefore deemed to be our receivables due from cardholders. We
maintain reserves to cover the risk that we may not recover these receivables due from our
cardholders, but our exposure may increase above these reserves for a variety of reasons, including
our failure to predict the actual recovery rate accurately. To the extent we incur losses from
overdrafts above our reserves or we determine that it is necessary to increase our reserves
substantially, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and
adversely affected.
We face settlement risks from our retail distributors, which may increase during an economic
downturn.
The vast majority of our business is conducted through retail distributors that sell our
products and services to consumers at their store locations. Our retail distributors collect funds
from the consumers who purchase our products and services and then must remit these funds directly
to accounts established on behalf of these consumers at the banks that issue our cards. The
remittance of these funds by the retail distributor takes on average three business days. If a
retail distributor becomes insolvent, files for bankruptcy, commits fraud or otherwise fails to
remit proceeds to the card issuing bank from the sales of our products and services, we are liable
for any amounts owed to the card issuing bank. As of September 30, 2010, we had assets subject to
settlement risk of $11.8 million. Given the unprecedented volatility in global financial markets
and the frequent occurrence of negative economic events, the approaches we use to assess and
monitor the creditworthiness of our retail distributors may be inadequate, and we may be unable to
detect and take steps to mitigate an increased credit risk in a timely manner.
A further economic downturn could result in settlement losses, whether or not directly related
to our business. We are not insured against these risks. Significant settlement losses could have a
material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Future acquisitions or investments could disrupt our business and harm our financial
condition.
We are in the process of acquiring a bank holding company and its subsidiary commercial bank,
although we cannot guarantee when, if ever, this acquisition will be completed. In addition, we may
pursue other acquisitions or investments that we believe will help us to achieve our strategic
objectives. The process of integrating an acquired business, product or technology can create
unforeseen operating difficulties, expenditures and other challenges such as:
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increased regulatory and compliance requirements, including, if we complete our pending
bank acquisition, capital requirements applicable to us and our acquired subsidiary bank; |
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implementation or remediation of controls, procedures and policies at the acquired
company; |
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diversion of management time and focus from operation of our then-existing business to
acquisition integration challenges; |
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coordination of product, sales, marketing and program and systems management functions; |
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transition of the acquired companys users and customers onto our systems; |
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retention of employees from the acquired company; |
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integrating employees from the acquired company into our organization; |
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integration of the acquired companys accounting, information management, human resource
and other administrative systems and operations generally with ours; |
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liability for activities of the acquired company prior to the acquisition, including
violations of law, commercial disputes, and tax and other known and unknown liabilities;
and |
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litigation or other claims in connection with the acquired company, including claims
brought by terminated employees, customers, former stockholders or other third parties |
If we are unable to address these difficulties and challenges or other problems encountered in
connection with our bank acquisition or any future acquisition or investment, we might not realize
the anticipated benefits of that acquisition or investment, we might incur unanticipated
liabilities or we might otherwise suffer harm to our business generally.
To the extent we pay the consideration for any future acquisitions or investments in cash, it
would reduce the amount of cash available to us for other purposes. Future acquisitions or
investments could also result in dilutive issuances of our equity securities or the incurrence of
debt, contingent liabilities, amortization expenses, or impairment charges against goodwill on our
balance sheet, any of which could harm our financial condition and negatively impact our
stockholders.
Economic, political and other conditions may adversely affect trends in consumer spending.
The electronic payments industry, including the prepaid financial services segment within that
industry, depends heavily upon the overall level of consumer spending. Sustained deterioration in
general economic conditions in the United States might reduce the number of our cards that are
purchased or reloaded, the number of transactions involving our cards and the use of our reload
network and related services. If general economic conditions result in a sustained reduction in the
use of our products and related services, either as a result of a general reduction in consumer
spending or as a result of a disproportionate reduction in the use of card-based payment systems,
our business, results of operations and financial condition would be materially harmed.
Our business is dependent on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of computer network
systems and data centers.
Our ability to provide reliable service to cardholders and other network participants depends
on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of our computer network systems and data centers as
well as those of our retail distributors, network acceptance members and third-party processors.
Our business involves movement of large sums of money, processing of large numbers of transactions
and management of the data necessary to do both. Our success depends upon the efficient and
error-free handling of the money that is collected by our retail distributors and remitted to
network acceptance members or the banks that issue our cards. We rely on the ability of our
employees, systems and processes and those of the banks that issue our cards, our retail
distributors, our network acceptance members and third-party processors to process and facilitate
these transactions in an efficient, uninterrupted and error-free manner.
In the event of a breakdown, a catastrophic event (such as fire, natural disaster, power loss,
telecommunications failure or physical break-in), a security breach or malicious attack, an
improper operation or any other event impacting our systems or processes, or those of our vendors,
or an improper action by our employees, agents or third-party vendors, we could suffer financial
loss, loss of customers, regulatory sanctions and damage to our reputation. The measures we have
taken, including the implementation of disaster recovery plans and redundant computer systems, may
not be successful, and we may experience other problems unrelated to system failures. We may also
experience software defects, development delays and installation difficulties, any of which could
harm our business and reputation and expose us to potential liability and increased operating
expenses. Some of our contracts with retail distributors, including our contract with Walmart,
contain service level standards pertaining to the operation of our systems, and provide the retail
distributor with the right to collect damages and potentially to terminate its contract with us for
system downtime exceeding stated limits. If we face system interruptions or failures, our business
interruption insurance may not be adequate to cover the losses or damages that we incur.
We must be able to operate and scale our technology effectively to match our business growth.
Our ability to continue to provide our products and services to a growing number of network
participants, as well as to enhance our existing products and services and offer new products and
services, is dependent on our information technology systems. If we are unable to manage the
technology associated with our business effectively, we could experience increased costs,
reductions in system availability and losses of our network participants. Any failure of our
systems in scalability and functionality would adversely impact our business, financial condition
and results of operations.
If we are unable to keep pace with the rapid technological developments in our industry and
the larger electronic payments industry necessary to continue providing our network acceptance
members and cardholders with new and innovative products and services, the use of our cards and
other products and services could decline.
The electronic payments industry is subject to rapid and significant technological changes,
including continuing advancements in the areas of radio frequency and proximity payment devices
(such as contactless cards), e-commerce and mobile commerce, among others. We cannot predict the
effect of technological changes on our business. We rely in part on third parties, including some
of our competitors and potential competitors, for the development of, and access to, new
technologies.
We expect that new services and technologies applicable to our industry will continue to
emerge, and these new services and technologies may be superior to, or render obsolete, the
technologies we currently utilize in our products and services. Additionally, we may make future
investments in, or enter into strategic alliances to develop, new technologies and services or to
implement infrastructure change to further our strategic objectives, strengthen our existing
businesses and remain competitive. However, our ability to transition to new services and
technologies that we develop may be inhibited by a lack of industry-wide standards, by resistance
from our retail distributors, network acceptance members, third-party processors or consumers to
these changes, or by the intellectual property rights of third parties. Our future success will
depend, in part, on our ability to develop new
technologies and adapt to technological changes and evolving industry standards. These
initiatives are inherently risky, and they may not be successful or may have an adverse effect on
our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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As a newly public company, we are subject to financial and other reporting and corporate
governance requirements that may be difficult for us to satisfy, have raised and may continue to
raise our costs and have diverted and may continue to divert resources and management attention
from operating our business.
We have historically operated as a private company. On July 27, 2010, we completed an initial
public offering. As a result, we are required to file with the SEC annual and quarterly information
and other reports that are specified in the Exchange Act and SEC regulations. Thus, we will need to
ensure that we have the ability to prepare on a timely basis financial statements that comply with
SEC reporting requirements. We are also subject to other reporting and corporate governance
requirements, including the listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange, or the NYSE, and the
provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the regulations
promulgated thereunder, which impose significant new compliance obligations upon us. As a public
company, we are required, among other things, to:
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prepare and distribute periodic reports and other stockholder communications in
compliance with our obligations under the federal securities laws and the NYSE rules; |
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define and expand the roles and the duties of our board of directors and its committees; |
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institute more comprehensive compliance, investor relations and internal audit
functions; |
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evaluate and maintain our system of internal control over financial reporting, and
report on managements assessment thereof, in compliance with the requirements of Section
404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and related rules and regulations of the SEC and the Public
Company Accounting Oversight Board; and |
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involve and retain outside legal counsel and accountants in connection with the
activities listed above |
The adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting must be assessed by management
for each year commencing with the year ending December 31, 2011. We do not currently have
comprehensive documentation of our internal control over financial reporting, nor do we document
our compliance with these controls on a periodic basis in accordance with Section 404 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Furthermore, we have not tested our internal control over financial reporting
in accordance with Section 404 and, due to our lack of documentation, this testing would not be
possible at this time. If we were unable to implement the controls and procedures required by
Section 404 in a timely manner or otherwise to comply with Section 404, management might not be
able to certify, and our independent registered public accounting firm might not be able to report
on, the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting. If we are unable to maintain
adequate internal control over financial reporting, we might be unable to report our financial
information on a timely basis and might suffer adverse regulatory consequences or violate NYSE
listing standards. There could also be a negative reaction in the financial markets due to a loss
of investor confidence in us and the reliability of our financial statements.
The changes necessitated by becoming a public company require a significant commitment of
resources and management oversight that has increased and may continue to increase our costs and
might place a strain on our systems and resources. As a result, our managements attention might be
diverted from other business concerns. In addition, we might not be successful in implementing and
maintaining controls and procedures that comply with these requirements. For example, in connection
with the audit of our consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2009, we
identified a significant deficiency in our internal control over financial reporting relating to
our financial statement closing process and the need to enhance our financial reporting resources
and infrastructure. If we fail to maintain an effective internal control environment or to comply
with the numerous legal and regulatory requirements imposed on public companies, we could make
material errors in, and be required to restate, our financial statements. Any such restatement
could result in a loss of public confidence in the reliability of our financial statements and
sanctions imposed on us by the SEC.
Our future success depends on our ability to attract, integrate, retain and incentivize key
personnel.
Our future success will depend, to a significant extent, on our ability to attract, integrate,
retain and incentivize key personnel, namely our management team and experienced sales, marketing
and program and systems management personnel. We must retain and motivate existing personnel, and
we must also attract, assimilate and motivate additional highly-qualified employees. We may
experience difficulty assimilating our newly-hired personnel, which may adversely affect our
business. Competition for qualified management, sales, marketing and program and systems management
personnel can be intense. Competitors have in the past and may in the future attempt to recruit our
top management and employees. If we fail to attract, integrate, retain and incentivize key
personnel, our ability to manage and grow our business could be harmed.
We might require additional capital to support our business in the future, and this capital
might not be available on acceptable terms, or at all.
If our unrestricted cash and cash equivalents balances and any cash generated from operations
are not sufficient to meet our future cash requirements, we will need to access additional capital
to fund our operations. We may also need to raise additional capital to take advantage of new
business or acquisition opportunities. We may seek to raise capital by, among other things:
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issuing additional shares of our Class A common stock or other equity securities; |
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issuing debt securities; and |
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borrowing funds under a credit facility |
We may not be able to raise needed cash in a timely basis on terms acceptable to us or at all.
Financings, if available, may be on terms that are dilutive or potentially dilutive to our
stockholders. The holders of new securities may also receive rights, preferences or privileges that
are senior to those of existing holders of our Class A common stock. In addition, if we were to
raise cash through a debt financing, the terms of the financing might impose additional conditions
or restrictions on our operations that could adversely affect our business. If we require new
sources of financing but they are insufficient or unavailable, we would be required to modify our
operating plans to take into account the limitations of available funding, which would harm our
ability to maintain or grow our business.
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The occurrence of catastrophic events could damage our facilities or the facilities of third
parties on which we depend, which could force us to curtail our operations.
We and some of the third-party service providers on which we depend for various support
functions, such as customer service and card processing, are vulnerable to damage from catastrophic
events, such as power loss, natural disasters, terrorism and similar unforeseen events beyond our
control. Our principal offices, for example, are situated in the foothills of southern California
near known earthquake fault zones and areas of elevated wild fire danger. If any catastrophic event
were to occur, our ability to operate our business could be seriously impaired, as we do not
maintain redundant systems for critical business functions, such as finance and accounting. In
addition, we might not have adequate insurance to cover our losses resulting from catastrophic
events or other significant business interruptions. Any significant losses that are not recoverable
under our insurance policies, as well as the damage to, or interruption of, our infrastructure and
processes, could seriously impair our business and financial condition.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Class A Common Stock
The price of our Class A common stock may be volatile.
In the recent past, stocks generally, and financial services company stocks in particular,
have experienced high levels of volatility. The trading price of our Class A common stock may
fluctuate substantially. The trading price of our Class A common stock depends on a number of
factors, including those described in this Risk Factors section, many of which are beyond our
control and may not be related to our operating performance. Factors that could cause fluctuations
in the trading price of our Class A common stock include the following:
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price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market from time to time; |
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significant volatility in the market prices and trading volumes of financial services
company stocks; |
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actual or anticipated changes in our results of operations or fluctuations in our
operating results; |
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actual or anticipated changes in the expectations of investors or the recommendations of
any securities analysts who follow our Class A common stock; |
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actual or anticipated developments in our business or our competitors businesses or the
competitive landscape generally; |
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the publics reaction to our press releases, other public announcements and filings with
the SEC; |
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litigation involving us, our industry or both or investigations by regulators into our
operations or those of our competitors; |
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new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations
applicable to our business; |
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changes in accounting standards, policies, guidelines, interpretations or principles; |
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general economic conditions; and |
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sales of shares of our Class A common stock by us or our stockholders. |
In the past, many companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their
stock have become subject to securities class action litigation. We may be the target of this type
of litigation in the future. Securities litigation against us could result in substantial costs and
divert our managements attention from other business concerns, which could seriously harm our
business.
Concentration of ownership among our existing directors, executive officers and principal
stockholders may prevent new investors from influencing significant corporate decisions.
Our Class B common stock has ten votes per share and our Class A common stock has one vote per
share. Based upon beneficial ownership as of September 30, 2010, our current directors, executive
officers, holders of more than 5% of our total shares of common stock outstanding and their
respective affiliates, in the aggregate, beneficially own approximately 55% of our outstanding
Class A and Class B common stock, representing approximately 66% of the voting power of our
outstanding capital stock. As a result, these stockholders are able to exercise a controlling
influence over matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors and
approval of significant corporate transactions, and have significant influence over our management
and policies for the foreseeable future. Some of these persons or entities may have interests that
are different from yours. For example, these stockholders may support proposals and actions with
which you may disagree or which are not in your interests. The concentration of ownership could
delay or prevent a change in control of our company or otherwise discourage a potential acquirer
from attempting to obtain control of our company, which in turn could reduce the price of our Class
A common stock. In addition, these stockholders, some of which have representatives sitting on our
board of directors, could use their voting control to maintain our existing management and
directors in office, delay or prevent changes of control of our company, or support or reject other
management and board of director proposals that are subject to stockholder approval, such as
amendments to our employee stock plans and approvals of significant financing transactions.
Our stock price could decline due to the large number of outstanding shares of our common
stock becoming eligible for sale in the near future.
Sales of substantial amounts of our Class A common stock in the public market, or even the
perception that these sales could occur, could cause the trading price of our Class A common stock
to decline. These sales could also make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related
securities in the future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.
As of September 30, 2010, we had 7,588,887 outstanding shares of Class A common stock,
including 5,241,758 shares sold in our initial public offering that are freely tradable, and
33,269,421 outstanding shares of Class B common stock, of which 257,670 shares and 33,269,421
shares, respectively, are currently restricted as a result of securities laws or lock-up and/or
market standoff agreements but will be able to be sold in the near future, subject in some cases to
the volume and other restrictions of Rule 144 and Rule 701 promulgated under the Securities Act.
The lock-up and market standoff agreements generally expire 180 days after July 21, 2010, except
that with respect to the lock-up agreements the 180-day period may be extended for up to 34
additional days under specified circumstances where we announce or pre-announce earnings or a
material event occurs within 17 days prior to, or 16 days after, the termination of the 180-day
period. The representatives of the underwriters may, in their sole discretion and at any
time without notice, release all or any portion of the securities subject to lock-up
agreements.
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In addition, we have registered 7,227,764 shares of our Class A and Class B common stock
subject to options outstanding or reserved for future issuance under our stock incentive plans. Of
these shares, approximately 3.6 million shares will be eligible for sale upon the exercise of
vested options immediately after the expiration of the lock-up and market standoff agreements. In
addition, the shares subject to an unvested warrant to purchase up to 4,283,456 shares of our Class
B common stock will be eligible for sale after the expiration of lock-up and/or market standoff
agreements.
Our charter documents and Delaware law could discourage, delay or prevent a takeover that
stockholders consider favorable and could also reduce the market price of our stock.
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that could delay or prevent a
change in control of our company. These provisions could also make it more difficult for
stockholders to nominate directors for election to our board of directors and take other corporate
actions. These provisions, among other things:
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provide our Class B common stock with disproportionate voting rights (see
Concentration of ownership among our existing directors, executive officers and principal
stockholders may prevent new investors from influencing significant corporate decisions
above); |
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provide for non-cumulative voting in the election of directors; |
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provide for a classified board of directors; |
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authorize our board of directors, without stockholder approval, to issue preferred stock
with terms determined by our board of directors and to issue additional shares of our Class
A and Class B common stock; |
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limit the voting power of a holder, or group of affiliated holders, of more than 24.9%
of our common stock to 14.9%; |
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provide that only our board of directors may set the number of directors constituting
our board of directors or fill vacant directorships; |
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prohibit stockholder action by written consent and limit who may call a special meeting
of stockholders; and |
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require advance notification of stockholder nominations for election to our board of
directors and of stockholder proposals. |
These and other provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as well as
provisions under Delaware law, could discourage potential takeover attempts, reduce the price that
investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our Class A common stock and result
in the trading price of our Class A common stock being lower than it otherwise would be.
If securities analysts do not continue to publish research or reports about our business or if
they publish negative evaluations of our Class A common stock, the trading price of our Class A
common stock could decline.
We expect that the trading price for our Class A common stock will be affected by any research
or reports that securities analysts publish about us or our business. If one or more of the
analysts who have elected to cover us or our business downgrade their evaluations of our Class A
common stock, the price of our Class A common stock would likely decline. If one or more of these
analysts cease coverage of our company, we could lose visibility in the market for our Class A
common stock, which in turn could cause our stock price to decline.
We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to
retain any future earnings and do not expect to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. Should
we complete our proposed acquisition of a bank holding company and its subsidiary commercial bank,
as a bank holding company, our ability to pay future dividends could be limited by the capital
requirements imposed under the BHC Act, as well as other federal laws applicable to banks and bank
holding companies. We intend to retain any earnings to finance the operation and expansion of our
business, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
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ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
On July 21, 2010, we granted options to purchase 79,500 shares of our Class A common stock
under our 2010 Equity Incentive Plan with an exercise price of $36.00. On July 27, 2010, certain of
our employees and executive officers exercised options to purchase 377,840 shares of our Class B
common stock pursuant to options issued under our 2001 Stock Plan for an aggregate purchase price
of $1.0 million. These issuances were exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended (the Securities Act), in reliance upon Rule 701 promulgated under Section 3(b) of the
Securities Act as transactions pursuant to benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation as
provided under Rule 701 or Section 4(2) of the Securities Act.
ITEM 6. Exhibits
The following documents are filed as exhibits to this report:
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Exhibit |
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Number |
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Description of Exhibits |
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3.1 |
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Form of Tenth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant.(1) |
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3.2 |
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Form of Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant.(2) |
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4.1 |
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First Amendment to Ninth Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement by and among the Registrant,
certain stockholders and certain warrant holders of the Registrant.(3) |
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10.1 |
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Standard Sublease, dated January 12, 2010, between the Registrant and Telscape Communications, Inc., as amended. |
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31.1 |
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Certification of Steven W. Streit, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors, pursuant to
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
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31.2 |
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Certification of John L. Keatley, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted
pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
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32.1 |
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Certification of Steven W. Streit, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors, pursuant to
18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
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32.2 |
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Certification of John L. Keatley, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted
pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
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(1) |
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Exhibit 3.1 is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.02 filed with the Registration Statement on Form S-1, No.
333-165081, filed with the Commission on April 26, 2010. |
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(2) |
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Exhibit 3.2 is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.04 filed with the Registration Statement on Form S-1, No.
333-165081, filed with the Commission on June 29, 2010. |
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(3) |
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Exhibit 4.1 is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.02 filed with the Registration Statement on Form S-1, No.
333-165081, filed with the Commission on July 19, 2010. |
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused
this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
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Green Dot Corporation |
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Date: November 3, 2010
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By: |
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/s/ John L. Keatley |
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Name:
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John L. Keatley
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Title:
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Chief Financial Officer |
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(Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer) |
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EXHIBIT INDEX
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Exhibit |
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Number |
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Description of Exhibits |
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3.1 |
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Form of Tenth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant.(1) |
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3.2 |
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Form of Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant.(2) |
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4.1 |
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First Amendment to Ninth Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement by and among the Registrant,
certain stockholders and certain warrant holders of the Registrant.(3) |
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10.1 |
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Standard Sublease, dated January 12, 2010, between the Registrant and Telscape Communications, Inc., as amended. |
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31.1 |
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Certification of Steven W. Streit, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors, pursuant to
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
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31.2 |
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Certification of John L. Keatley, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted
pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
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32.1 |
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Certification of Steven W. Streit, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors, pursuant to
18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
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32.2 |
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Certification of John L. Keatley, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted
pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
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(1) |
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Exhibit 3.1 is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.02 filed with the Registration Statement on Form S-1, No.
333-165081, filed with the Commission on April 26, 2010. |
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(2) |
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Exhibit 3.2 is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.04 filed with the Registration Statement on Form S-1, No.
333-165081, filed with the Commission on June 29, 2010. |
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(3) |
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Exhibit 4.1 is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.02 filed with the Registration Statement on Form S-1, No.
333-165081, filed with the Commission on July 19, 2010. |
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