FORM 20-F
Table of Contents

 
United States
Securities and Exchange Commission
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
Form 20-F
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010
 
Commission file number 025566
 
ASML HOLDING N.V.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
 
THE NETHERLANDS
(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)
 
DE RUN 6501
5504 DR VELDHOVEN
THE NETHERLANDS
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
Craig DeYoung
Telephone: +1 480 383 4005
Facsimile: +1 480 383 3978
E-mail: craig.deyoung@asml.com
8555 South River Parkway,
Tempe, AZ 85284, USA
(Name, Telephone, E-mail, and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
     
Title of each class
 
Name of each exchange on which registered
 
Ordinary Shares
(nominal value EUR 0.09 per share)
  The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
(Title of Class)
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:
None
(Title of Class)
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of
capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.
436,592,972 Ordinary Shares
(nominal value EUR 0.09 per share)
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes (ü) No ( )
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant
is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Yes ( ) No (ü)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant
was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes (ü) No ( )
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every Interactive
Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes (ü) No ( )
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer.
See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer (ü) Accelerated filer ( ) Non-accelerated filer ( )
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare
the financial statements included in this filing:
U.S. GAAP (ü) International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the
International Accounting Standards Board ( ) Other ( )
If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by checkmark
which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.
Item 17 ( ) Item 18 ( )
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a
shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act)
Yes ( ) No (ü)
Name and address of person authorized to receive notices and communications
from the Securities and Exchange Commission:
Richard A. Ely
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom (UK) LLP
40 Bank Street, Canary Wharf
London E14 5DS England
 
ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2010


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Contents
 
 
                 
               
           
1
  Item 1 Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors        
           
1
  Item 2 Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable        
           
1
  Item 3 Key Information        
    A.   Selected Financial Data        
    B.   Capitalization and Indebtedness        
    C.   Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds        
    D.   Risk Factors        
           
9
  Item 4 Information on the Company        
    A.   History and Development of the Company        
    B.   Business Overview        
    C.   Organizational Structure        
    D.   Property, Plant and Equipment        
           
17
  Item 4A Unresolved Staff Comments        
           
17
  Item 5 Operating and Financial Review and Prospects        
    A.   Operating Results        
    B.   Liquidity and Capital Resources        
    C.   Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc        
    D.   Trend Information        
    E.   Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements        
    F.   Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations        
    G.   Safe Harbor        
           
39
  Item 6 Directors, Senior Management and Employees        
    A.   Directors and Senior Management        
    B.   Compensation        
    C.   Board Practices        
    D.   Employees        
    E.   Share Ownership        
           
45
  Item 7 Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions        
    A.   Major Shareholders        
    B.   Related Party Transactions        
    C.   Interests of Experts & Counsel        
           
47
  Item 8 Financial Information        
    A.   Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information        
    B.   Significant Changes        
 
ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2010


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47
  Item 9 The Offer and Listing        
    A.   Offer and Listing Details        
    B.   Plan of Distribution        
    C.   Markets        
    D.   Selling Shareholders        
    E.   Dilution        
    F.   Expenses of the Issue        
           
49
  Item 10 Additional Information        
    A.   Share Capital        
    B.   Memorandum and Articles of Association        
    C.   Material Contracts        
    D.   Exchange Controls        
    E.   Taxation        
    F.   Dividends and Paying Agents        
    G.   Statement by Experts        
    H.   Documents on Display        
    I.   Subsidiary Information        
           
54
  Item 11 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk        
           
57
  Item 12 Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities        
 
           
58
  Item 13 Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies        
           
58
  Item 14 Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds        
           
58
  Item 15 Controls and Procedures        
           
58
  Item 16        
    A.   Audit Committee Financial Expert        
    B.   Code of Ethics        
    C.   Principal Accountant Fees and Services        
    D.   Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees        
    E.   Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers        
    F.   Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant        
    G.   Corporate Governance        
 
           
62
  Item 17 Financial Statements        
           
62
  Item 18 Financial Statements        
           
62
  Item 19 Exhibits        
 EX-8.1
 EX-12.1
 EX-13.1
 EX-15.1
 
ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2010


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ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2010


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Part I
 
 
 
 
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
In addition to historical information, this annual report on Form 20-F contains statements relating to our future business and/or results. These statements include certain projections and business trends that are “forward-looking” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. You can generally identify these statements by the use of words like “may”, “will”, “could”, “should”, “project”, “believe”, “anticipate”, “expect”, “plan”, “estimate”, “forecast”, “potential”, “intend”, “continue” and variations of these words or comparable words.
 
 
Forward-looking statements do not guarantee future performance and involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from projected results as a result of certain risks and uncertainties. These risks and uncertainties include, without limitation, those described under Item 3.D. “Risk Factors” and those detailed from time to time in our other filings with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission” or the “SEC”). These forward-looking statements are made only as of the date of this annual report on Form 20-F. We do not undertake to update or revise the forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
 
 
Item 1 Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors
 
 
Not applicable.
 
 
Item 2 Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
 
 
Not applicable.
 
 
Item 3 Key Information
 
A. Selected Financial Data
The following selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and Item 18 “Financial Statements”.
 
ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2010
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Five-Year Financial Summary
                                             

 
Year ended December 31
    20061       20071       2008       2009       2010      
(in thousands, except per share data)
    EUR       EUR       EUR       EUR       EUR      
Consolidated statements of operations data
                                           
Net sales
    3,581,776       3,768,185       2,953,678       1,596,063       4,507,938      
Cost of sales
    2,127,797       2,218,526       1,938,164       1,137,671       2,552,768      
                                             
Gross profit on sales
    1,453,979       1,549,659       1,015,514       458,392       1,955,170      
Research and development costs
    386,567       486,141       516,128       466,761       523,426      
Amortization of in-process research and development costs
          23,148                        
Selling, general and administrative costs2
    202,330       223,386       210,172       154,756       181,045      
                                             
Income (loss) from operations
    865,082       816,984       289,214       (163,125 )     1,250,699      
Interest income (expense), net2
    (3,323 )     31,169       20,430       (8,425 )     (8,176 )    
                                             
Income (loss) from operations before income taxes
    861,759       848,153       309,644       (171,550 )     1,242,523      
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes
    (243,211 )     (177,152 )     12,726       20,625       (220,703 )    
                                             
Net income (loss)
    618,548       671,001       322,370       (150,925 )     1,021,820      
                                             
Earnings per share data
                                           
Basic net income (loss) per ordinary share
    1.30       1.45       0.75       (0.35 )     2.35      
Diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share3
    1.26       1.41       0.74       (0.35 )     2.33      
                                             
Number of ordinary shares used in
computing per share amounts (in thousands)
                                           
Basic
    474,860       462,406       431,620       432,615       435,146      
Diluted3
    503,983       485,643       434,205       432,615       438,974      
                                             
                                             
 
 
As of January 1, 2008, ASML accounts for award credits offered to its customers as part of a volume purchase agreement using the deferred revenue model. Until December 31, 2007, ASML accounted for award credits using the cost accrual method. The comparative figures for 2006 and 2007 have been adjusted to reflect this change in accounting policy.
As of January 1, 2010, ASML adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810 “Amendments to FIN 46(R)” which resulted in the consolidation of the Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”) that owns ASML’s headquarters in Veldhoven, the Netherlands. The comparative figures for 2006 through 2009 have been adjusted to reflect this change in accounting policy. See Note 1 and Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements.
The calculation of diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share assumes the exercise of options issued under ASML stock option plans, the issue of shares under ASML share plans and the conversion of ASML’s outstanding Convertible Subordinated Notes for periods in which exercises, issues or conversions would have a dilutive effect. The calculation of diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share does not assume exercise, issue of shares or conversion of such options, shares or conversion of Convertible Subordinated Notes for periods in which such exercises, issue of shares or conversions would be anti-dilutive.
 
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As of December 31
    20061       20071       2008       2009       2010      
(in thousands, unless otherwise indicated)
    EUR       EUR       EUR       EUR       EUR      
Consolidated balance sheets data
                                           
Cash and cash equivalents
    1,655,857       1,271,636       1,109,184       1,037,074       1,949,834      
Working capital4
    2,236,173       1,997,988       1,964,906       1,704,714       2,788,649      
Total assets2
    3,997,240       4,113,444       3,977,478       3,764,151       6,180,358      
Long-term debt2
    424,785       642,332       685,134       699,756       710,060      
Total shareholders’ equity
    2,148,003       1,891,004       1,988,769       1,774,768       2,773,908      
Capital stock
    10,051       39,206       38,887       39,028       39,293      
                                             
Consolidated statements of cash flows data
                                           
Depreciation and amortization2
    90,128       129,380       121,423       141,631       151,444      
Impairment
    17,354       9,022       25,109       15,896       8,563      
Net cash provided by total operating activities2
    495,316       704,047       282,979       99,194       940,048      
Purchases of property, plant and equipment
    (70,619 )     (179,152 )     (259,770 )     (104,959 )     (128,728 )    
Acquisition of subsidiary (net of cash acquired)
          (188,011 )                      
Net cash used in total investing activities
    (70,629 )     (362,152 )     (259,805 )     (98,082 )     (124,903 )    
Capital repayment5
          (1,011,857 )                      
Purchase of shares in conjunction with conversion rights of
bondholders and share-based payments
    (678,385 )     (359,856 )     (87,605 )                
Dividend paid
                (107,841 )     (86,486 )     (86,960 )    
Deposits from customers
                            150,000      
Net proceeds from issuance of bond
          593,755                        
Net cash provided by (used in) total financing activities2
    (660,660 )     (718,399 )     (186,471 )     (74,874 )     92,702      
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    (248,752 )     (384,221 )     (162,452 )     (72,110 )     912,760      
                                             
Ratios and other data
                                           
Gross profit as a percentage of net sales
    40.6       41.1       34.4       28.7       43.4      
Income (loss) from operations as a percentage of net sales2
    24.2       21.7       9.8       (10.2 )     27.7      
Net income (loss) as a percentage of net sales
    17.3       17.8       10.9       (9.5 )     22.7      
Shareholders’ equity as a percentage of total assets2
    53.7       46.0       50.0       47.1       44.9      
Income taxes as a percentage of income (loss) before income taxes
    28.2       20.9       (4.1 )     12.0       17.8      
Sales of systems (in units)
    266       260       151       70       197      
Average selling price of system sales (in millions)
    12.1       12.9       16.7       16.8       19.8      
Value of systems backlog (in millions)6,7
    2,248.6       1,765.5       857.3       2,113.7       3,855.7      
Systems backlog (in units)6,7
    163       89       41       69       157      
Average selling price of systems backlog (in millions)6,7
    13.8       19.8       20.9       30.6       24.6      
Value of booked systems (in millions)6,7
    4,276.4       3,154.3       1,730.9       2,535.4       6,212.7      
Net bookings for the year (in units)6,7
    334       186       103       98       285      
Average selling price of booked systems (in millions)6,7
    12.8       17.0       16.8       25.9       21.8      
Number of payroll employees in FTEs
    5,594       6,582       6,930       6,548       7,184      
Number of temporary employees in FTEs
    1,486       1,725       1,329       1,137       2,061      
Increase (decrease) net sales in percentage
    41.6       5.2       (21.6 )     (46.0 )     182.4      
Number of ordinary shares outstanding (in thousands)
    477,099       435,6265       432,074       433,639       436,593      
ASML share price in euro8
    18.84       21.66       12.75       24.00       28.90      
Volatility 260 days in percentage of ASML shares9
    28.08       27.52       51.14       38.45       30.25      
Dividend per ordinary share in euro
          0.25       0.20       0.20       0.4010      
Dividend per ordinary share in U.S. dollar
          0.39       0.26       0.27       0.5410      
                                             
                                             
 
 
4   Working capital is calculated as the difference between total current assets, including cash and cash equivalents, and total current liabilities.
5   In 2007, as part of a capital repayment program, EUR 1,011.9 million of share capital was repaid to our shareholders and the number of outstanding ordinary shares was reduced by 11.1 percent (pursuant to a synthetic share buyback).
6   Our systems backlog and net bookings include only orders for which written authorizations have been accepted and system shipment and revenue recognition dates within the following 12 months have been assigned.
7   In the past, ASML valued net bookings and systems backlog at net system sales value, which does not reflect the full order value because it excludes the value of options and services related to the systems. As of 2010, in order to more adequately reflect the business circumstances, ASML values net bookings and systems backlog at full order value (i.e. including options and services). The comparative figures for 2006 through 2009 have been adjusted in order to reflect this change.
8   Closing price of ASML’s ordinary shares listed on the Official Segment of the stock market of Euronext Amsterdam (source: Bloomberg Finance LP).
9   Volatility represents the variability in our share price on the Official Segment of the stock market of Euronext Amsterdam as measured over the 260 business days of each year presented (source: Bloomberg Finance LP).
10  Subject to approval of the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders to be held on April 20, 2011. The exchange rate used to convert the proposed dividend per ordinary share is the exchange rate at the latest practicable date before filing.
 
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Exchange Rate Information
We publish our consolidated financial statements in euros. In this Annual Report, references to ‘‘€”, “euro” or “EUR” are to euros, and references to “$”, “U.S. dollar”, “USD” or “US$” are to United States dollars.
 
 
A portion of our net sales and expenses is, and historically has been, denominated in currencies other than the euro. For a discussion of the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on our financial condition and results of operations, see Item 5.A. “Operating Results, Foreign Exchange Management”, Note 1 and Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements.
 
 
The following are the Noon Buying Rates certified by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for customs purposes (the “Noon Buying Rate”), expressed in U.S. dollars per euro.
 
                             

 
                            February 2011 (through
Calendar Year       2006   2007   2008   2009   2010   February 7, 2011)
Period End
      1.32   1.46   1.39   1.43   1.33   1.36
Average1
      1.26   1.37   1.47   1.39   1.33   1.34
High
      1.33   1.49   1.60   1.51   1.45   1.38
Low
      1.19   1.29   1.24   1.25   1.20   1.29
 
 
The average of the Noon Buying Rates on the last business day of each month during the period presented.
 
                                                         

 
   
    August
    September
    October
    November
    December
    January
    February 2011 (through
 
Months of   2010     2010     2010     2010     2010     2011     February 7, 2011)  
High
    1.3282       1.3638       1.4066       1.4224       1.3395       1.3715       1.3793  
Low
    1.2652       1.2708       1.3688       1.3036       1.3089       1.2944       1.3584  
 
 
 
B. Capitalization and Indebtedness
Not applicable.
 
 
C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
 
 
D. Risk Factors
In conducting our business, we face many risks that may interfere with our business objectives. Some of these risks relate to our operational processes, while others relate to our business environment. It is important to understand the nature of these risks and the impact they may have on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Some of the more relevant risks are described below. These risks are not the only ones that ASML faces. Some risks may not yet be known to ASML and certain risks that ASML does not currently believe to be material could become material in the future.
 
 
Risks Related to the Semiconductor Industry
 
The Semiconductor Industry is Highly Cyclical and We May Be Adversely Affected by Any Downturn
As a supplier to the global semiconductor industry, we are subject to the industry’s business cycles, the timing, duration and volatility of which are difficult to predict. The semiconductor industry has historically been cyclical. Sales of our lithography systems depend in large part upon the level of capital expenditures by semiconductor manufacturers. These capital expenditures depend upon a range of competitive and market factors, including:
•  the current and anticipated market demand for semiconductors and for products utilizing semiconductors;
•  semiconductor prices;
•  semiconductor production costs;
•  changes in semiconductor inventory levels;
•  general economic conditions; and
•  access to capital.
 
 
Reductions or delays in capital equipment purchases by our customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
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In an industry downturn, our ability to maintain profitability will depend substantially on whether we are able to lower our costs and break-even level, which is the level of sales that we must reach in a year to achieve net income. If sales decrease significantly as a result of an industry downturn and we are unable to adjust our costs over the same period, our net income may decline significantly or we may suffer losses. As we need to keep certain levels of inventory on hand to meet anticipated product demand, we may also incur increased costs related to inventory obsolescence in an industry downturn. In addition, industry downturns generally result in overcapacity, resulting in downward pressure on prices and impairment of machinery and equipment, which in the past has had, and in the future could have, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
 
The financial crisis affecting the banking system and global financial markets was in many respects unprecedented in the history of our Company. Remaining concerns over the instability of the financial markets and the global economy could result in a number of follow-on effects on our business, including: declining business and consumer confidence resulting in reduced, delayed or shorter-term capital expenditures for our products; insolvency of key suppliers resulting in product delays; the inability of customers to obtain credit to finance purchases of our products, delayed payments from our customers and/or customer insolvencies; and other adverse effects that we cannot currently anticipate. If global economic and market conditions deteriorate, we are likely to experience material adverse impacts on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
 
Conversely, in anticipation of periods of increasing demand for semiconductor manufacturing equipment, we must maintain sufficient manufacturing capacity and inventory, and we must attract, hire, integrate and retain a sufficient number of qualified employees to meet customer demand. Our ability to predict the timing and magnitude of industry fluctuations is limited and our products require significant lead-time to complete. Accordingly, we may not be able to effectively increase our production capacity to respond to an increase in customer demand in an industry upturn resulting in lost revenues, damage to customer relationships and we may lose market share.
 
 
Our Business Will Suffer If We Do Not Respond Rapidly to Commercial and Technological Changes in the
Semiconductor Industry
The semiconductor manufacturing industry is subject to:
•  rapid change towards more complex technologies;
•  frequent new product introductions and enhancements;
•  evolving industry standards;
•  changes in customer requirements; and
•  continued shortening of product life cycles.
 
 
Our products could become obsolete sooner than anticipated because of a faster than anticipated change in one or more of the technologies related to our products or in market demand for products based on a particular technology. Our success in developing new products and in enhancing our existing products depends on a variety of factors, including the successful management of our research and development (“R&D”) programs and timely completion of product development and design relative to competitors. If we do not develop and introduce new and enhanced systems at competitive prices and on a timely basis, our customers will not integrate our systems into the planning and design of new production facilities and upgrades of existing facilities, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
 
In addition, we are investing considerable financial and other resources to develop and introduce new products and product enhancements, such as Extreme Ultraviolet lithography (“EUV”), that our customers may not fully adopt. If our customers do not adopt these new technologies, products or product enhancements that we develop due to a preference for more established or alternative new technologies and products or for other reasons, we would not recoup any return on our investments in these technologies or products, which would result in the recording of impairment charges on these investments and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
 
The success of EUV will be particularly dependent on light source (laser) availability and continuing technical advances as well as infrastructure developments in masks and resists, without which the tools cannot achieve the productivity and yield that are required to justify their capability economically.
 
 
We Face Intense Competition
The semiconductor equipment industry is highly competitive. The principal elements of competition in our market segments are:
•  the technical performance characteristics of a lithography system;
•  the value of ownership of that system based on its purchase price, maintenance costs, productivity, and customer service and support costs;
•  a strengthening of the euro particularly against the Japanese yen which results in lower prices and margins;
•  the strength and breadth of our portfolio of patents and other intellectual property rights; and
•  our customers’ desire to obtain lithography equipment from more than one supplier.
 
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Our competitiveness increasingly depends upon our ability to develop new and enhanced semiconductor equipment that is competitively priced and introduced on a timely basis, as well as our ability to protect and defend our intellectual property rights. See Item 4.B. “Business Overview, Intellectual Property” and Note 17 to our consolidated financial statements.
 
 
ASML’s primary competitors are Nikon Corporation (“Nikon”) and Canon Kabushiki Kaisha (“Canon”). Both Nikon and Canon have substantial financial resources and broad patent portfolios. Each continues to introduce new products with improved price and performance characteristics that compete directly with our products, which may cause a decline in our sales or a loss of market acceptance for our lithography systems. In addition, adverse market conditions, industry overcapacity or a decrease in the value of the Japanese yen in relation to the euro or the U.S. dollar could further intensify price-based competition in those regions that account for the majority of our sales, resulting in lower prices and margins and a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, to competitors in lithography, ASML may face competition with respect to alternative technologies for the non-critical layers and from alternative technologies for all layers. In the event the delivery of new technology is delayed, ASML’s customers may turn to alternative technology equipment and/or their own installed base as a substitute for purchasing ASML’s products.
 
 
Risks Related to ASML
 
The Number of Systems We Can Produce Is Limited by Our Dependence on a Limited Number of Suppliers of Key Components
We rely on outside vendors for the components and subassemblies used in our systems, each of which is obtained from a single supplier or a limited number of suppliers. Our reliance on a limited group of suppliers involves several risks, including a potential inability to obtain an adequate supply of required components and the risk of untimely delivery of these components and subassemblies.
 
 
The number of lithography systems we are able to produce is limited by the production capacity of Carl Zeiss SMT AG (“Zeiss”). Zeiss is our single supplier of lenses and other critical optical components. If Zeiss were unable to maintain and increase production levels or if we are unable to maintain our business relationship with Zeiss in the future we could be unable to fulfill orders, which could damage relationships with current and prospective customers and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. If Zeiss were to terminate its relationship with us or if Zeiss were unable to maintain production of lenses over a prolonged period, we would effectively cease to be able to conduct our business. See Item 4.B. “Business Overview, Manufacturing, Logistics and Suppliers”.
 
 
In addition to Zeiss’ current position as our single supplier of lenses, the excimer laser illumination systems that provide the ultraviolet light source, referred to as “deep UV”, used in our high resolution steppers and Step & Scan systems, and the extreme ultraviolet light source, referred to as “EUV”, used in our second-generation EUV systems, are available from only a very limited number of suppliers.
 
 
Although the timeliness, yield and quality of deliveries to date from our other subcontractors generally have been satisfactory, manufacturing some of these components and subassemblies that we use in our manufacturing processes is an extremely complex process and delays caused by suppliers may occur in the future. A prolonged inability to obtain adequate deliveries of components or subassemblies, or any other circumstance that requires us to seek alternative sources of supply, could significantly hinder our ability to deliver our products in a timely manner, which could damage relationships with current and prospective customers and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
 
A High Percentage of Net Sales Is Derived from a Few Customers
Historically, we have sold a substantial number of lithography systems to a limited number of customers. We expect customer concentration to increase because of continuing consolidation in the semiconductor manufacturing industry. Consequently, while the identity of our largest customers may vary from year to year, we expect sales to remain concentrated among relatively few customers in any particular year. In 2010, sales to our largest customer accounted for EUR 1,270.8 million, or 28.2 percent of net sales, compared with EUR 348.8 million, or 21.9 percent of net sales, in 2009. The loss of any significant customer or any significant reduction in orders by a significant customer may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
 
Additionally, as a result of our limited number of customers, credit risk on our receivables is concentrated. Our three largest customers (based on net sales) accounted for 42.4 percent of accounts receivable at December 31, 2010, compared with 44.0 percent at December 31, 2009. As a result, business failure or insolvency of one of our main customers may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
 
We Derive Most of Our Revenues from the Sale of a Relatively Small Number of Products
We derive most of our revenues from the sale of a relatively small number of lithography equipment systems (197 units in 2010 and 70 units in 2009), with an average selling price (“ASP”) in 2010 of EUR 19.8 million (EUR 24.1 million for new systems and EUR 4.4 million for used systems) and an ASP in 2009 of EUR 16.8 million (EUR 21.1 million for new systems and EUR 7.9 million
 
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for used systems). As a result, the timing of recognition of revenue from a small number of product sales may have a significant impact on our net sales and operating results for a particular reporting period. Specifically, the failure to receive anticipated orders, or delays in shipments near the end of a particular reporting period, due, for example, to:
•  a downturn in the highly cyclical semiconductor industry;
•  unanticipated shipment rescheduling;
•  cancellation or order push-back by customers;
•  unexpected manufacturing difficulties; and
•  delays in deliveries by suppliers,
may cause net sales in a particular reporting period to fall significantly below net sales in previous periods or below our expected net sales, and may have a material adverse effect on our operating results for that period.
 
 
In particular our published quarterly earnings may vary significantly from quarter to quarter and may vary in the future for the reasons discussed above.
 
 
The Pace of Introduction of Our New Products Is Accelerating and Is Accompanied by Potential Design and Production Delays and by Significant Costs
The development and initial production, installation and enhancement of the systems we produce is often accompanied by design and production delays and related costs of a nature typically associated with the introduction and transition to full-scale manufacturing of complex capital equipment. While we expect and plan for a corresponding learning-curve effect in our product development cycle, we cannot predict with precision the time and expense required to overcome these initial problems and to ensure full performance to specifications. Moreover, we anticipate that this learning-curve effect will continue to present increasingly difficult challenges with every new generation as a result of increasing technological complexity. There is a risk that we may not be able to introduce or bring to full-scale production new products as quickly as we anticipate in our product introduction plans, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
 
For the market to accept technology enhancements, our customers, in many cases, must upgrade their existing technology capabilities. Such upgrades from established technology may not be available to our customers to enable volume production using our new technology enhancements. This could result in our customers not purchasing, or pushing back or cancelling orders for our technology enhancements, which could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
 
Failure to Adequately Protect the Intellectual Property Rights Upon Which We Depend Could Harm Our Business
We rely on intellectual property rights such as patents, copyrights and trade secrets to protect our proprietary technology. However, we face the risk that such measures could prove to be inadequate because:
•  intellectual property laws may not sufficiently support our proprietary rights or may change in the future in a manner adverse to us;
•  patent rights may not be granted or construed as we expect;
•  patents will expire which may result in key technology becoming widely available that may hurt our competitive position;
•  the steps we take to prevent misappropriation or infringement of our proprietary rights may not be successful; and
•  third parties may be able to develop or obtain patents for similar competing technology.
 
 
In addition, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. Any such litigation may result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, and, if decided unfavorably to us, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
 
Defending Against Intellectual Property Claims Brought by Others Could Harm Our Business
In the course of our business, we are subject to claims by third parties alleging that our products or processes infringe upon their intellectual property rights. If successful, such claims could limit or prohibit us from developing our technology and manufacturing our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
 
In addition, our customers may be subject to claims of infringement from third parties, alleging that our products used by such customers in the manufacture of semiconductor products and/or the processes relating to the use of our products infringe one or more patents issued to such parties. If such claims were successful, we could be required to indemnify customers for some or all of any losses incurred or damages assessed against them as a result of such infringement, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
 
We may also incur substantial licensing or settlement costs where doing so would strengthen or expand our intellectual property rights or limit our exposure to intellectual property claims brought by others, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
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We Are Subject to Risks in Our International Operations
The majority of our sales are made to customers outside Europe. There are a number of risks inherent in doing business in some of those regions, including the following:
•  Potentially adverse tax consequences;
•  Unfavorable political or economic environments;
•  Unexpected legal or regulatory changes; and
•  An inability to effectively protect intellectual property.
 
 
If we are unable to manage successfully the risks inherent in our international activities, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
 
 
In particular, 30.6 percent of our 2010 revenues and 27.6 percent of our 2009 revenues were derived from customers in Taiwan. Taiwan has a unique international political status. The People’s Republic of China asserts sovereignty over Taiwan and does not recognize the legitimacy of the Taiwanese government. Changes in relations between Taiwan and the People’s Republic of China, Taiwanese government policies and other factors affecting Taiwan’s political, economic or social environment could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
 
We Are Dependent on the Continued Operation of a Limited Number of Manufacturing Facilities
All of our manufacturing activities, including subassembly, final assembly and system testing, take place in clean room facilities in Veldhoven, the Netherlands, in Wilton, Connecticut, the United States and in Linkou, Taiwan. These facilities are subject to disruption for a variety of reasons, including work stoppages, fire, energy shortages, flooding or other natural disasters. We cannot ensure that alternative production capacity would be available if a major disruption were to occur or that, if it were available, it could be obtained on favorable terms. Such a disruption could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
 
Because of Labor Laws and Practices, Any Workforce Reductions That We May Seek to Implement in Order to Reduce Costs Company-Wide May Be Delayed or Suspended
The semiconductor market is highly cyclical and as a consequence we may need to implement workforce reductions in case of a downturn, in order to adapt to such market changes. In accordance with labor laws and practices applicable in the jurisdictions in which we operate, a reduction of any significance may be subject to formal procedures that can delay, or may result in the modification of our planned workforce reductions. For example, in the Netherlands, if our Works Council renders contrary advice in connection with a proposed workforce reduction in the Netherlands, but we nonetheless determine to proceed, we must temporarily suspend any action while the Works Council determines whether to appeal to the Enterprise Chamber of the Amsterdam Court of Appeal. This appeal process can cause a delay of several months and may require us to address any procedural inadequacies identified by the Court in the way we reached our decision. Such delays could impair our ability to reduce costs company-wide to levels comparable to those of our competitors.
 
 
Fluctuations in Foreign Exchange Rates Could Harm Our Results of Operations
We are exposed to currency risks. We are particularly exposed to fluctuations in the exchange rates between the U.S. dollar, Japanese yen and the euro as we incur manufacturing costs for our systems predominantly in euros while a portion of our net sales and cost of sales is denominated in U.S. dollars and Japanese yen.
 
 
In addition, a substantial portion of our assets and liabilities and operating results are denominated in U.S. dollars, and a small portion of our assets, liabilities and operating results are denominated in currencies other than the euro and the U.S. dollar. Our consolidated financial statements are expressed in euros. Accordingly, our results of operations and assets and liabilities are exposed to fluctuations in exchange rates between the euro and various currencies. In general, our customers run their businesses in U.S. dollars, and therefore a further weakening of the U.S. dollar against the euro might impact the ability of our customers to purchase our products.
 
 
Furthermore, a strengthening of the euro particularly against the Japanese yen could further intensify price-based competition in those regions that account for the majority of our sales, resulting in lower prices and margins and a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
 
Also see Item 5.A. “Operating Results, Foreign Exchange Management”, Item 5.F. “Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations”, Item 11 “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” and Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements.
 
 
We May Be Unable to Make Desirable Acquisitions or to Integrate Successfully Any Businesses We Acquire
Our future success may depend in part on the acquisition of businesses or technologies intended to complement, enhance or expand our current business or products or that might otherwise offer us growth opportunities. Our ability to complete such transactions may be hindered by a number of factors, including potential difficulties in obtaining government approvals.
 
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Any acquisition that we do make would pose risks related to the integration of the new business or technology with our business. We cannot be certain that we will be able to achieve the benefits we expect from a particular acquisition or investment. Acquisitions may also strain our managerial and operational resources, as the challenge of managing new operations may divert our staff from monitoring and improving operations in our existing business. Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected if we fail to coordinate our resources effectively to manage both our existing operations and any businesses we acquire.
 
 
Our Business and Future Success Depend on Our Ability to Attract and Retain a Sufficient Number of Adequately Educated and Skilled Employees
Our business and future success significantly depend upon our employees, including a large number of highly qualified professionals, as well as our ability to attract and retain employees. Competition for such personnel is intense, and we may not be able to continue to attract and retain such personnel, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
 
In addition, the increasing complexity of our products results in a longer learning-curve for new and existing employees leading to an inability to decrease cycle times and incurring significant additional costs, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
 
Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares
 
We may not declare cash dividends at all or in any particular amounts in any given year
Our policy is to pay a sustainable annual dividend in an amount that is stable or grows over time. However, the decision by our Board of Management in any given year to propose to our Supervisory Board that a dividend be proposed to our Annual General Meeting of Shareholders in any given year will be subject to the availability of distributable profits or retained earnings and may be affected by, among other factors: the Board of Management’s views on our potential future funding requirements, including for investments in production capacity and the funding of our research and development programs, as well for acquisition opportunities that may arise from time to time; and by future changes in applicable income tax and corporate laws. Correspondingly, our dividend payments could decline or be eliminated with respect to any particular year in the future. Such a reduction or elimination in our dividend payments could have a negative effect on our share price.
 
 
The Price of Our Ordinary Shares is Volatile
The current market price of our ordinary shares may not be indicative of prices that will prevail in the future. In particular, the market price of our ordinary shares has in the past experienced significant fluctuation, including fluctuation that is unrelated to our performance. This fluctuation may continue in the future.
 
 
Restrictions on Shareholder Rights May Dilute Voting Power
Our Articles of Association provide that we are subject to the provisions of Dutch law applicable to large corporations, called “structuurregime”. These provisions have the effect of concentrating control over certain corporate decisions and transactions in the hands of our Supervisory Board. As a result, holders of ordinary shares may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions by members of our Supervisory Board than if we were incorporated in the United States or another jurisdiction.
 
 
Our authorized share capital also includes a class of cumulative preference shares and ASML has granted “Stichting Preferente Aandelen ASML”, a Dutch foundation, an option to acquire, at their nominal value of EUR 0.02 per share, such cumulative preference shares. Exercise of the cumulative preference share option would effectively dilute the voting power of our outstanding ordinary shares by one-half, which may discourage or significantly impede a third party from acquiring a majority of our voting shares.
 
 
See further Item 6.C. “Board Practices” and Item 10.B. “Memorandum and Articles of Association”.
 
 
Item 4 Information on the Company
 
 
A. History and Development of the Company
We commenced business operations in 1984.  ASM Lithography Holding N.V. was incorporated in the Netherlands on October 3, 1994 to serve as the holding company for our worldwide operations, which include operating subsidiaries in the Netherlands, the United States, Italy, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Belgium, Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, China (including Hong Kong), Japan, Malaysia and Israel. In 2001, we changed our name from ASM Lithography Holding N.V. to ASML Holding N.V. Our registered office is located at De Run 6501, 5504 DR Veldhoven, the Netherlands, telephone number +31 40 268 3000.
 
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In May 2001, we merged with Silicon Valley Group (“SVG”) (now part of ASML US, Inc.), a company that was active in lithography, as well as in track and thermal businesses, which we subsequently divested or discontinued.
 
 
From time to time, we pursue acquisitions of smaller businesses that we believe will complement or enhance our core lithography business. These have included the acquisition of MaskTools in July 1999 and the acquisition of Brion Technologies, Inc. (“Brion”) in March 2007.
 
 
Capital Expenditures and Divestitures
Our capital expenditures (purchases of property, plant and equipment) for 2010, 2009 and 2008 amounted to EUR 128.7 million, EUR 105.0 million and EUR 259.8 million, respectively. Our capital expenditures in these years generally related to the construction of new facilities in Veldhoven, the Netherlands, for our latest technologies such as EUV and NXT (in 2010, 2009 and 2008) and in Taiwan for our ASML Center of Excellence (“ACE”, in 2008), purchases of machinery and equipment, information technology investments, and leasehold improvements to our facilities (in 2010, 2009 and 2008).
 
 
Divestitures mainly consisting of machinery and equipment (more specifically prototypes, demonstration and training systems) amounted to EUR 6.7 million for 2010, EUR 10.9 million for 2009 and EUR 4.3 million for 2008. See Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements.
 
 
B. Business Overview
We are one of the world’s leading providers of advanced technology systems for the semiconductor industry. We offer an integrated portfolio of lithography systems mainly for manufacturing complex Integrated Circuits (“semiconductors”, “ICs” or “chips”). We supply lithography systems to Integrated Circuit (“IC”) manufacturers throughout Asia, the United States and Europe and also provide our customers with a full range of support services from advanced process and product applications knowledge to complete round-the-clock service support.
 
 
Our Business Model
Our business model is derived from our “Value of Ownership” concept which is based on the following principles:
•  offering ongoing improvements in productivity, imaging and overlay by introducing advanced technology based on modular platforms and advanced applications outside the traditional lithography business, each resulting in lower costs per product for our customers;
•  providing customer services that ensure rapid, efficient installation and superior on-site support and training to optimize manufacturing processes of our customers and improve productivity;
•  maintaining appropriate levels of R&D to offer the most advanced technology suitable for high-throughput and low-cost volume production at the earliest possible date;
•  enhancing the capabilities of the installed base of our customers through ongoing field upgrades of key value drivers (productivity, imaging and overlay) based on further technology developments;
•  reducing the cycle time between a customer’s order of a system and the use of that system in volume production on-site;
•  expanding operational flexibility in research and manufacturing by reinforcing strategic alliances with world class partners, including outsourcing companies;
•  improving the reliability and uptime of our installed system base; and
•  providing refurbishing services that effectively increase residual value by extending the life of equipment.
 
 
Market and Technology Overview
 
Introduction
The chip-making business is focused on “shrink” or reducing the size of chip designs. The worldwide electronics and computer industries have experienced significant growth since the commercialization of ICs in the 1960s, largely due to the continual reduction in the cost per function performed by ICs. Improvement in the design and manufacture of ICs with higher circuit or “packing” densities has resulted in smaller and lower cost ICs capable of performing a greater number of functions at faster speeds and with reduced power consumption. We believe that these long-term trends will continue for the foreseeable future and will be accompanied by a continuing demand, subject to ongoing cyclical variation, for production equipment that can accurately produce advanced ICs in high volumes at the lowest possible cost. Lithography is used to print complex circuit patterns onto the wafers that are the primary raw material for ICs and is one of the most critical and expensive steps in their fabrication. It is therefore a significant focus of the IC industry’s demand for cost-efficient enhancements to production technology.
 
 
We primarily design, manufacture, market and service semiconductor processing equipment used in the fabrication of ICs. Our lithography equipment includes Step & Scan systems, which combine stepper technology with a photo-scanning method.
 
 
Our systems use a mask to achieve the required chip pattern. A mask is a flat, transparent quartz plate containing an opaque microscopic pattern: an image of the electronic circuitry for one layer of a chip. The mask is placed in a scanner where intense
 
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light passing through it projects the pattern, via a series of reducing lenses, onto part of the wafer. Before exposure, the wafer is coated with photo resist and positioned so that the projected pattern aligns with existing features on the chip/wafer. After exposure and developing, the pattern left on the wafer surface is used to selectively process and build up the next layer.
 
 
Customer Roadmaps
The three major customer sectors to which the Company sells its products are NAND-Flash memory chip makers, DRAM memory chip makers and Logic processor chip makers.
 
 
Supported by their technology roadmaps, IC manufacturers continue to show interest in shrinking resolution as a means to lower manufacturing costs per unit. We believe that the leading IC manufacturers for both NAND-Flash and DRAM memory, as well as Logic (including Foundry and IDM) and microprocessor units have plans to migrate their production capabilities in the foreseeable future to resolutions close to or beyond 20 nm, for which they will require state-of-the-art lithography equipment.
 
 
Products
We develop lithography systems and related products for the semiconductor industry and related patterning applications. Our product development strategy focuses on the development of product families based on a modular, upgradeable design.
 
 
Our older PAS 2500 and PAS 5000 lithography systems, which we no longer manufacture but continue to refurbish, are used for g-line and i-line processing of wafers up to 150 mm in diameter and are employed in manufacturing environments and in special applications for which design resolutions no more precise than 0.5 microns are required.
 
 
Our PAS 5500 product family comprises advanced wafer steppers and Step & Scan systems suitable for i-line, Krypton Fluoride (“KrF”) and Argon Fluoride (“ArF”) processing of wafers up to 200 mm in diameter and is employed in volume manufacturing to achieve design nodes requiring resolutions down to 90 nm.
 
 
We offer TWINSCAN systems, based on i-line, KrF and ArF processing of wafers up to 300 mm in diameter for manufacturing environments for which design resolutions down to 38 nanometer (“nm”) are required. The modular upgradeable design philosophy of the Step-and-Scan product family has been further refined and applied in the design of our most advanced product family. The TWINSCAN platform, introduced in 2000, is the basis for our current and next-generation Step-and Scan systems, which are capable of extending shrink technology down to 38 nm.
 
 
We are the leader in the innovation of immersion technologies and we were the world’s first producer of dual-stage design (TWINSCAN) systems. Wafer measurement, including focus and alignment, is completed on the dry stage, while the imaging process, using water applied between the wafer and the lens, is completed on the wet stage. The dual-stage advantage of TWINSCAN systems enables our customers to benefit from the process enhancements of immersion while continuing to use familiar and proven metrology technology.
 
 
Furthermore, we continuously develop and sell a range of product options and enhancements designed to increase productivity and improve imaging and overlay to optimize value of ownership over the entire life of our systems.
 
 
We are working on an evolved TWINSCAN platform for EUV that extends the industry proven modularity of the NXT system with new innovative technologies to support EUV imaging in several system critical areas, including the EUV light source, the reflective mirror optical system and all encompassed within a vacuum system. The NXE (EUV) platform is equipped with a completely new EUV light source technology, based upon tin plasma, producing light at a wavelength of 13.5 nm. In addition, the NXE (EUV) system has a completely new optical technology utilizing reflective mirrors rather than the traditional refractive optics with a numerical aperture (“NA”) of 0.25. The NXE (EUV) platform operates with a vacuum environment for the light from light source, through the entire optical train to wafer level. With the combination of these revolutionary technologies, EUV offers the potential to provide ASML’s customers a roadmap for future shrink, and we expect it to become the Lithography technology for the next decade.
 
 
Product Development
In 2003, we introduced the second-generation of TWINSCAN systems based on the XT body with a 50 percent reduction in the main production area occupied by our system.
 
 
In 2004, we shipped our first lithography systems based on immersion technology. These shipments marked the delivery of the industry’s first high productivity immersion scanners for mainstream production.
 
 
In 2006, we shipped the industry’s first EUV Alpha Demo Tools to two research institutions, which work closely with most of the world’s major IC manufacturers in developing manufacturing processes and materials.
 
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Also in 2006, we started volume production of the TWINSCAN XT:1700i, a 193 nm immersion scanner capable of imaging at the 45 nm node in volume production environments. With a new catadioptric lens design, this system featured an NA of 1.2, substantially higher than that of its predecessor, the XT:1400, which had an NA of 0.93, exceeding the non-immersion barrier of 1.0. The XT:1700i has enabled chipmakers to improve resolution by 30 percent and has been employed in the development and manufacturing of the latest advanced generation of ICs.
 
 
The acquisition of Brion in 2007 enabled ASML to improve the implementation of optical proximity correction (“OPC”) technology and resolution enhancement techniques (“RET”) such as double patterning Technology (“DPT”) and Source-Mask Optimization (“SMO”) for masks. These improvements are extending the practical resolution limits of ASML ArF immersion products. Brion’s computational lithography capabilities enable us to offer products that further improve the set-up and control of ASML lithography systems.
 
 
Brion’s current computational lithography portfolio comprises not only traditional products (such as RET/OPC/DPT/SMO), but also solutions that directly interface with the numerous calibration controls in an ASML scanner to optimize performance. Our computational lithography products capture detailed knowledge of scanner design and real performance, which enables them to accurately predict real-life manufacturing performance. Such predictions are essential in addressing possible ramp-up and yield problems in advance, potentially avoiding months of delay in time-to-market for our customers. The same prediction capabilities allow the ASML scanners to be optimally calibrated for improved performance in production, given specific chip designs or masks, thereby achieving improved yield.
 
 
Once a scanner is optimally set-up for a given application, ASML also offers scanner control solutions that ensure that the performance of the lithographic process remains optimal and stable throughout production. These scanner control solutions also leverage the scanner controls to compensate for potential performance drifts in the scanner itself, as well as in other steps of the device manufacturing process, such as mask deterioration, resist coating fingerprints, etching fingerprints, or chemical-mechanical planarization fingerprints. To ensure optimal control performance, ASML’s scanner control solutions use ASML’s own advanced wafer metrology technology, Yieldstar.
 
 
In 2007, ASML began volume shipment of the XT:1900i, with a new industry benchmark of 1.35 NA, which is close to the practical limit for water-based immersion technology. This optical lithography system is capable of volume production of ICs down to 40 nm and below and is used for high volume IC manufacturing at multiple customers worldwide.
 
 
In 2008, we discontinued research into optical maskless lithography due to the reduced market opportunity for this technology. Research studies on alternative technologies continue for both mask-based and maskless lithography.
 
 
In 2009, we started shipments of XT:1950i systems, the enhanced version of the XT:1900i, with improved throughput of 148 wafers per hour, resolution of 38 nm and a scheduled overlay of 4 nm. This system extended the performance, imaging and overlay specifications of the successful XT:1900i system.
 
 
In 2009, Brion announced Tachyon SMO, a new product that provides the industry with improved manufacturable imaging solutions and is a major advancement of Brion’s industry standard source-mask optimization (“SMO”) technology, which was currently in use by leading logic and memory manufacturers.
 
 
In 2009, ASML introduced FlexRaytm programmable illumination and BaseLinertm scanner matching technology. Together, they offer scanner stability optimization and stabilize manufacturing process windows.
 
 
Also in 2009, ASML announced an improved version of the successful TWINSCAN platform called NXT featuring new stage and position control technology, providing improved imaging and overlay performance for immersion. Initial shipments started in the third quarter of 2009 and volume production and shipments commenced in 2010.
 
 
In the second half of 2010, ASML shipped the first second-generation EUV system. EUV will provide a large “process window” and much greater shrink compared with current approaches and we expect it to become the lithography solution for the next decade. The second-generation of these systems combines a wavelength of 13.5 nm and an optical system with a NA of 0.25 to provide imaging at a resolution of 27 nm. The EUV platform is targeted for production of ICs down to 16 nm and beyond. For revenue recognition considerations, refer to Item 5.A. “Operating Results, Critical Accounting Policies using Significant Estimates”.
 
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The table below outlines our current product portfolio of Stepper and Scanner Systems by resolution and wavelength.
 
 
Current ASML lithography product portfolio of Step & Scan Systems
 
                 

 
    Resolution   Wavelength   Lightsource   Numerical aperture
PAS 5500 SYSTEMS
               
PAS 5500/4X0
  280 nm   365 nm   i-line   0.48-0.65
PAS 5500/750
  130 nm   248 nm   KrF   0.50-0.70
PAS 5500/850
  110 nm   248 nm   KrF   0.55-0.80
PAS 5500/1150
  90 nm   193 nm   ArF   0.50-0.75
                 
TWINSCAN SYSTEMS
               
TWINSCAN XT:400
  350 nm   365 nm   i-line   0.48-0.65
TWINSCAN XT:450
  220 nm   365 nm   i-line   0.48-0.65
TWINSCAN XT:8X0
  110 nm   248 nm   KrF   0.55-0.80
TWINSCAN XT:1000
  80 nm   248 nm   KrF   0.50-0.93
TWINSCAN XT:1450
  57 nm   193 nm   ArF   0.65-0.93
TWINSCAN XT:1700 immersion
  45 nm   193 nm   ArF   0.75-1.20
TWINSCAN XT:1900 immersion
  40 nm   193 nm   ArF   0.85-1.35
TWINSCAN XT:1950 immersion
  38 nm   193 nm   ArF   0.85-1.35
TWINSCAN NXT:1950 immersion
  38 nm   193 nm   ArF   0.85-1.35
                 
EUV
               
NXE:3100
  27 nm   13.5 nm   EUV   0.25
NXE:3300
  22 nm   13.5 nm   EUV   0.33
 
 
Notes:
 
–  This table does not include older (including pre-used) products sold on the PAS 2500, PAS 5000 and PAS 5500 platforms.
–  XT is a TWINSCAN system for 200 and 300 mm wafer sizes.
–  Wavelength refers to the frequency of light going through projection lenses; the shorter the wavelength, the smaller the line-width and the finer the pattern on the IC.
–  1 nm is equal to one billionth of a meter.
–  The X in the number represents different models in the product portfolio within the same resolution. For example XT:8X0 can either represent XT:800 or XT:850.
–  NXT is an improved version of the current TWINSCAN system, introducing new stages and stage position control technology, which enable improved imaging and overlay.
–  NXE is a TWINSCAN system with complete new technologies in three areas: light source (EUV), lens system and vacuum body.
 
 
Sales, Customer Support and Customers
We market and sell our products through our direct sales staff.
 
 
We support our customers with a broad range of applications, services, and technical support products to maintain and maximize the performance of our systems at customer sites. We also offer refurbished and remanufactured tools, system upgrades and enhancements, and technical training.
 
 
Our field engineers and applications, service and technical support specialists are located throughout Asia, the United States and Europe. ASML has established the ASML Center of Excellence (“ACE”) in Asia. The primary goal of ACE is to serve as a supplementary engine to propel ASML’s long-term growth. ACE features customer support, training, logistics, refurbishment, technology and application development. ACE also enables sourcing of selected equipment modules, components and services in the region. Finally, ACE is used as a training center to develop worldwide talent for ASML’s workforce.
 
 
Customers and Geographic Regions
In 2010, sales to our largest customer accounted for EUR 1,270.8 million, or 28.2 percent of net sales, compared with EUR 348.8 million, or 21.9 percent of net sales, in 2009 (2008: EUR 754.4 million or 25.5 percent of net sales). We expect that sales to relatively few customers will continue to account for a high percentage of our net sales in any particular period for the foreseeable future.
 
 
In 2010, we derived 80.5 percent of net sales from Asia, 15.0 percent from the United States and 4.5 percent from Europe. In general, since ASML’s founding in 1984, the percentage of our sales derived from Asia has increased and the percentage of our sales derived from the United States and Europe has decreased. See Note 19 to our consolidated financial statements.
 
 
Manufacturing, Logistics and Suppliers
Our business model is based on outsourcing production of a significant part of the components and modules that comprise our lithography systems, working in partnership with suppliers from all over the world. Our manufacturing activities comprise the subassembly and testing of certain modules and the final assembly and fine tuning / testing of a finished system from components
 
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and modules that are manufactured to our specifications by third parties and by us. All of our manufacturing activities (subassembly, final assembly and system fine tuning / testing) are performed in clean room facilities in Veldhoven, the Netherlands, in Wilton, Connecticut, the United States and in Linkou, Taiwan. We procure stepper and scanner system components and subassemblies from a single supplier or a limited group of suppliers in order to ensure overall quality and timeliness of delivery. We jointly operate a formal strategy with suppliers known as “value sourcing”, which is based on competitive performance in quality, logistics, technology and total cost. The essence of value sourcing is to maintain a supply base that is world class, globally competitive and globally present.
 
 
Our value sourcing strategy is based on the following strategic principles:
•  maintaining long-term relationships with our suppliers;
•  sharing risks and rewards with our suppliers;
•  dual sourcing of knowledge, globally, together with our suppliers; and
•  single, dual or multiple sourcing of products, where possible or required.
 
 
Value sourcing is intended to align the performance of our suppliers with our requirements on quality, logistics, technology and total costs.
 
 
Zeiss is our sole external supplier of main optical systems and one of the suppliers of other components. In 2010, 31.4 percent of our aggregate cost of sales was purchased from Zeiss (2009: 25.6 percent; 2008: 32.3 percent).
 
 
Zeiss is highly dependent on its manufacturing and testing facilities in Oberkochen and Wetzlar, Germany, and its suppliers. Moreover, Zeiss has a finite capacity for production of lenses and optical components for our stepper and scanner systems. The expansion of this production capacity may require significant lead-time. From time to time, the number of systems we have been able to produce has been limited by the capacity of Zeiss to provide us with lenses and optical components. During 2010, our sales were not limited by the deliveries from Zeiss.
 
 
If Zeiss is unable to maintain or increase production levels, we might not be able to respond to customer demand. As a result, our relationships with current and prospective customers could be harmed, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
 
Our relationship with Zeiss is structured as a strategic alliance pursuant to several agreements executed in 1997 and subsequent years. These agreements define a framework in all areas of our business relationship. The partnership between ASML and Zeiss is focused on continuous improvement of operational excellence.
 
 
Pursuant to these agreements, ASML and Zeiss have agreed to continue their strategic alliance until either party provides at least three years’ notice of its intent to terminate. Although we believe such an outcome is unlikely, if Zeiss were to terminate its relationship with us, or if Zeiss were unable to produce lenses and optical components over a prolonged period, we would effectively cease to be able to conduct our business.
 
 
In addition to Zeiss, we also rely on other outside vendors for the components and subassemblies used in our systems, each of which is obtained from a single supplier or a limited number of suppliers. Our reliance on a limited group of suppliers involves several risks, including a potential inability to obtain an adequate supply of required components and the risk of untimely delivery of these components and subassemblies.
 
 
ASML has a flexible labor model with a mix of fixed and flexible contracted labor in its manufacturing and R&D facilities in Veldhoven, the Netherlands, and payroll employees compensated under a partly variable salary structure through ASML’s profit sharing plan. This reinforces our ability to adapt more quickly to semiconductor market cycles, including support for potential 24-hour, seven days-a-week production activities. By maximizing the flexibility of our high-tech workforce, we can shorten lead-times: a key driver of added value for customers. Flexibility also reduces our working capital requirements.
 
 
Research and Development
The semiconductor manufacturing industry is subject to rapid technological changes and new product introductions and enhancements. We believe that continued and timely development and introduction of new and enhanced systems are essential for us to maintain our competitive position. As a result, we have historically devoted a significant portion of our financial resources to R&D programs, and we expect to continue to allocate significant resources to these efforts. In addition, we have established sophisticated development centers in the Netherlands, the United States and Taiwan. We are also involved in joint R&D programs with both public and private partnerships and consortiums, involving independent research centers, leading chip manufacturers and governmental programs. We aim to own or license our jointly developed technology and designs of critical components.
 
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We apply for subsidy payments in connection with specific development projects under programs sponsored by the Dutch government, the European Union, the United States government and the Taiwanese government. Amounts received under these programs generally are not required to be repaid.
 
 
ASML has one of the highest private R&D budgets invested in the Netherlands. We invested EUR 523.4 million in R&D in 2010, compared with EUR 466.8 million in 2009 and EUR 516.1 million in 2008. A significant part of this budget was used for R&D jointly with our suppliers and technology partners. Through direct government grants designed to stimulate high-risk research for the medium and long term future, ASML received R&D credits of EUR 29.5 million in 2010. The Company expects that these R&D credits to ASML will decline significantly over coming years.
 
 
In 2010 we focused our R&D investments on three core programs: immersion, double patterning and EUV.
 
 
Our innovative immersion lithography systems place a fluid between the wafer and a system’s projection lens to enhance focus and enable circuit line-width to shrink to smaller dimensions than what is possible with “dry” lithography systems. ASML pioneered this “wet” technology and has experienced strong demand for immersion-based systems, which have been adopted by most of our customers in all semiconductor market segments, including NAND-Flash memory chip, DRAM memory chip, as well as the Logic processor chip segment.
 
 
We have developed different immersion systems for different customer needs. We have optimized our TWINSCAN XT immersion systems for cost-effective imaging down to 38 nm patterning, and have developed a new dual wafer stage system called TWINSCAN NXT with improved positioning (“overlay”) and imaging. The TWINSCAN NXT platform enables next generations of semiconductors through the so-called double patterning technique which requires two exposures per layer on a chip, enabling precise imaging patterns and lines by using our TWINSCAN NXT planar wafer stage and breakthrough grid metrology. ASML sold 34 TWINSCAN NXT systems in 2010.
 
 
Also in 2010, we achieved a major milestone with EUV lithography when we shipped our first second-generation system to a customer’s manufacturing site. This system will be used by the customers to develop its EUV manufacturing process before high-volume EUV systems will become available, which we expect to occur in 2012, subject to successful implementation of a number of new technologies specific to EUV, including the light source. We anticipate that five additional second-generation systems will be shipped to other customers in 2011. As of December 31, 2010, we had received nine orders for its successor, the third-generation, high-volume EUV systems which are scheduled to ship from 2012 onwards. The NXE (EUV) system, built on an evolved TWINSCAN platform, enables our customers to extend their roadmap towards smaller chip features. EUV permits chip makers to expose a critical layer in just one single step — as opposed to double patterning which requires multiple steps. EUV also has a roadmap from the initial 27 nm resolution down to 16 nm and beyond. We have published a roadmap to develop a range of EUV models, offering the greatest extendibility at the lowest cost of ownership for the future of lithography.
 
 
We complement our scanner products with a rapidly expanding holistic lithography portfolio of software and metrology products to help our customers optimize semiconductor scanner performance, provide a faster start to chip production and achieve better imaging at higher resolutions. Our customers optimize their scanner performance by taking into account the entire chip creation process, from design to volume manufacturing — we call this approach “holistic lithography”. During 2010 we announced broad customer adoption of holistic lithography products as all of ASML’s leading-edge scanners were sold with one or more holistic lithography components. Semiconductor manufacturers face increasingly smaller margins of error as they shrink chip features. Holistic lithography provides a way to shrink within these margins, offering significant revenue-generating and cost-saving opportunities to our customers.
 
 
Intellectual Property
We rely on intellectual property rights such as patents, copyrights and trade secrets to protect our proprietary technology. We aim to obtain ownership rights on technology developed by or for us or, alternatively, to have license rights in place with respect to such technology. However, we face the risk that such measures will be inadequate. Intellectual property laws may not sufficiently support our proprietary rights, our patent applications may not be granted and our patents may not be construed as we expect. Furthermore, competitors may be able to develop or protect similar technology earlier and independently.
 
 
Litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others, or to defend against claims of infringement. Any such litigation may result in substantial costs and diversion of management resources, and, if decided unfavorably to us, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We also may incur substantial licensing or settlement costs where doing so would strengthen or expand our intellectual property rights or limit our exposure to intellectual property claims of third parties.
 
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In 2007, ASML and Zeiss signed an agreement with Canon for the global cross-license of patents in their respective fields of semiconductor lithography and optical components, used to manufacture ICs. There was no transfer of technology and no payment was made among the parties.
 
 
From late 2001 through 2004, we were party to a series of civil litigations and administrative proceedings in which Nikon alleged ASML’s infringement of Nikon patents relating to lithography. ASML in turn filed claims against Nikon. Pursuant to agreements executed on December 10, 2004, ASML, Zeiss and Nikon agreed to settle all pending worldwide patent litigation between the companies. The settlement included an exchange of releases and a patent cross-license agreement related to lithography equipment used to manufacture semiconductor devices (the “Nikon Cross-License Agreement”) and payments to Nikon by ASML and Zeiss. In connection with the settlement, ASML and Zeiss made settlement payments to Nikon from 2004 to 2007. The license period for certain patents subject to the Nikon Cross-License Agreement, which were not perpetually licensed, ended on December 31, 2009. Pursuant to the terms of the Nikon Cross-License Agreement, the parties have agreed, from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2014 (the “Cross-License Transition Period”), not to bring suit for claims related to infringement of those patents or for claims related to infringement of patents issued during the Cross-License Transition Period. However, beginning on January 1, 2015, the parties may bring suit for infringement of patents subject to the Nikon Cross-License Agreement, including any infringement that occurred during the Cross-License Transition Period. Damages related to claims for patent infringement occurring during the Cross-License Transition Period are limited to three percent of the net sales price of products utilizing patents that are valid and enforceable.
 
 
Competition
The semiconductor equipment industry is highly competitive. The principal elements of competition in our market segments are:
•  the technical performance characteristics of a lithography system;
•  the value of ownership of that system based on its purchase price, maintenance costs and productivity;
•  a strengthening of the euro particularly against the Japanese yen which results in lower prices and margins;
•  the strength and breadth of our portfolio of patent and other intellectual property rights; and
•  our customers’ desire to obtain lithography equipment from more than one supplier.
 
 
We believe that the market segment for lithography systems and the investments required to be a significant competitor in this market segment have resulted in increased competition for market share through the aggressive prosecution of patents. Our competitiveness will increasingly depend upon our ability to protect and defend our patents, as well as our ability to develop new and enhanced semiconductor equipment that is competitively priced and introduced on a timely basis.
 
 
Government Regulation
Our business is subject to direct and indirect regulation in each of the countries in which our customers or we do business. As a result, changes in various types of regulations could affect our business adversely. The implementation of new technological, safety or legal requirements could impact our products, or our manufacturing or distribution processes, and could affect the timing of product introductions, the cost of our production, and products as well as their commercial success. Moreover, environmental and other regulations that adversely affect the pricing of our products could adversely affect our results of operation. The impact of these changes in regulation could adversely affect our business even where the specific regulations do not directly apply to us or to our products.
 
 
C. Organizational Structure
ASML Holding N.V. is a holding company that operates through its subsidiaries. Our major operating subsidiaries, each of which is a wholly-owned (direct or indirect) subsidiary, are as follows:
 
 
 
 
The chart above excludes intermediate subsidiaries; see Exhibit 8.1 for a complete list of our subsidiaries.
 
 
D. Property, Plant and Equipment
We lease a number of our facilities under operating leases. We also own a number of buildings, mainly consisting of the new production facilities in the Netherlands and Taiwan. The book value of land, buildings and constructions owned by us amounted to EUR 399.3 million as of December 31, 2010 compared with EUR 390.2 million as of December 31, 2009.
 
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Subject to market conditions, we expect that our capital expenditures (purchases of property, plant and equipment) in 2011 will be approximately EUR 350.0 million, exceeding 2010 capital expenditures of EUR 128.7 million. Capital expenditures in 2011 will mainly consist of investments in capacity expansion of EUV and NXT production facilities as a result of customer commitments. We expect to finance 2011 capital expenditures out of our cash flow from operations and available cash and cash equivalents.
 
 
Facilities in Europe
Our headquarters, main manufacturing facilities, applications laboratory and R&D facilities are located at a single site in Veldhoven, the Netherlands. This state-of-the-art facility includes 45 thousand square meter of office space and 33 thousand square meter of buildings used for manufacturing and R&D activities. We lease the majority of these facilities through long-term operating leases that contain purchase options. Some of our office facilities at our headquarters in Veldhoven, the Netherlands, are financed through a special purpose vehicle that is a variable interest entity (“VIE”). As of January 1, 2010, we adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810 “Amendments to FIN 46(R)”, which resulted in the consolidation of the VIE. See Notes 1 and 11 to our consolidated financial statements. We also lease several sales and service facilities at locations across Europe.
 
 
Facilities in the United States
Our United States head office is located in a nine thousand square meter office building in Tempe, Arizona. We maintain lithography research, development and manufacturing operations in a 27 thousand square meter facility in Wilton, Connecticut, and a six thousand square meter facility in Santa Clara, California. We also lease several sales and service facilities at locations across the United States.
 
 
Facilities in Asia
Our Asian headquarters is located in a 425 square meter office space in Hong Kong, Republic of China. In addition, our ACE facility in Linkou, Taiwan comprises clean room (approximately two thousand square meter) and office space (approximately six thousand square meter). The ACE facility supports customers in the Asia-Pacific region by focusing on technology and applications development, equipment support, training, logistics and refurbishment. ACE also enables local sourcing of equipment, components and services. Our new facility in Korea comprises a clean room (approximately 80 square meter) and office space (approximately 4 thousand square meter). The purpose of this new facility is to support a closer working relationship with ASML’s customers in Korea. We also lease and own several sales and service and training facilities at locations across Asia.
 
 
Item 4A Unresolved Staff Comments
 
 
Not applicable.
 
 
Item 5 Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
 
 
Executive Summary
 
 
Introduction
ASML is one of the world’s leading providers of lithography equipment that is critical to the production of ICs or chips. Headquartered in Veldhoven, the Netherlands, ASML operates globally, with activities in Europe, the United States and Asia. As of December 31, 2010 we employed more than 7,100 payroll employees (2009: 6,500) and more than 2,000 temporary employees (2009: 1,100), measured in full-time employees (“FTEs”). ASML operates in 16 countries through over 55 sales and service locations.
 
 
In 2010, we generated net sales of EUR 4,507.9 million and income from operations of EUR 1,250.7 million or 27.7 percent of net sales. Net income in 2010 amounted to EUR 1,021.8 million or 22.7 percent of net sales, representing net income per ordinary share of EUR 2.35.
 
 
In the executive summary below we provide an update of semiconductor equipment industry conditions, followed by a discussion of our business strategy and our key performance indicators.
 
 
Semiconductor equipment industry conditions
The chip-making business is focused on “shrink” or reducing the size of chip designs. Historically the semiconductor industry has experienced significant growth largely due to the continual reduction of cost per function performed by ICs. Improvement in the design and manufacture of ICs with higher circuit densities resulted in smaller and cheaper ICs capable of performing a larger number of functions at higher speeds with lower power consumption. We believe that these long-term trends will continue for the
 
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foreseeable future and will be accompanied by a continuing demand for production equipment that is capable of accurate production of advanced ICs in high volumes at the lowest possible cost.
 
 
Lithography equipment is used to print complex circuit patterns onto silicon wafers, which are the primary raw materials for ICs. The printing process is one of the most critical and expensive steps in wafer fabrication. Lithography equipment is therefore a significant focus of the IC industry’s demand for cost-efficient enhancements to production technology.
 
 
The costs to develop new lithography equipment are high. Accordingly, the lithography equipment industry is characterized by the presence of only a few primary suppliers: ASML, Nikon and Canon. In 2010, ASML was one of the world’s leading providers of lithography equipment (measured in revenues).
 
 
Total lithography equipment shipped by the industry as a whole in the six years ended December 31, 2010, is set out in the following table:
 
                         

 
Year Ended December 31   2005   2006   2007   2008   2009   20101
Total units shipped
  536   633   604   344   128   286
Total value (in millions USD)
  4,988   6,386   7,144   5,388   2,485   6,299
 
 
(Source: Gartner Dataquest)
Full year 2010 estimates are according to the latest available data up to and including December 2010.
 
 
For the year 2010, the latest indications of independent market analysts show an increase in total lithography equipment shipped to the market by the industry of 123.4 percent in unit volume and 153.5 percent in value. The year 2010 was characterized by the recovery of the semiconductor equipment industry and resulting higher overall end-demand for a broad mix of systems for all chip layers. In order to meet the increased demand for our advanced technology products as well as for our capacity tools, we almost tripled the output of our factory in 2010 compared with 2009. In the course of 2010, ASML expanded its fixed and flexible workforce and structurally improved cycle times in the second half of 2010.
 
 
Business strategy
The long-term growth of the semiconductor industry is the result of the principle that the power, cost and time required for every computation on a digital electronic device can be reduced by shrinking the size of transistors on chips. Today, chip makers can image electronic circuits and features that are over 6,000 times smaller than they were in the early 1970s. This trend was first observed by Intel co-founder Gordon Moore in 1965, and is referred to as ’Moore’s Law’. Moore’s Law has resulted in our information society with fast wired and wireless communications – built on affordable chips. Moore’s Law also has an impact on the energy usage of chips. Smaller geometries allow for much lower electrical currents to operate the chip. This has helped to contain the world’s energy consumption despite the proliferation of affordable computing. Using advanced semiconductors in industrial and consumer products often provides economic benefits, user-friendliness and increased safety. The technology revolution powered by semiconductors has brought many advantages: not only can information be more widely disseminated than ever before, affordable chip intelligence has also enabled industry and service sectors to create and distribute products and ideas at lightning speed.
 
 
Smarter, smaller and more energy-efficient chips are made with increasingly sophisticated lithography systems produced by ASML. Lithography systems are crucial to the roadmaps of chipmakers to make smaller transistors on chips. ASML’s business strategy is based on maintaining and further developing its position as a technology leader in semiconductor lithography. When executed, this strategy results in the delivery of lithography systems which enable customers to produce highest performance and lowest cost chips. The superior value of ownership offered to customers as a result of ASML’s strategy also maximizes ASML’s own financial performance, aligning the interests of ASML and our customers.
 
 
Sustainability Governance
At the end of 2009, ASML decided to strengthen significantly its policy in the domain of Sustainability and a number of stringent objectives to be reached by 2015. In 2010, the ASML Board of Management expanded the Sustainability Board and assigned a new department Corporate Sustainability to coordinate and execute the sustainability policies. The mandate given by the Board of Management to the Sustainability Board is to review and recommend sustainability policies and management systems, authorize plans or recommend Board of Management, provide guidance to management on objectives and targets; provide oversight and guidance on sustainability performance & targets, monitor and oversee sustainability risk management review and monitor stakeholder relations, and review and make recommendations on Sustainability impacts of major business decisions. The Sustainability Board also determines the scope, provides input, and recommends board adoption of the Sustainability Report.
 
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Sustainability Strategy
ASML’s business strategy is based on maintaining and further developing its position as a technology leader in semiconductor lithography. ASML executes its strategy through customer focus, strategic investment in R&D and operational excellence with a responsibility for sustainability towards our stakeholders. To effectively manage the execution of this responsibility, the sustainability strategy rests on four strategic domains:
•  Sustainable Operations:  Our objective is to ensure that our employees’ working conditions are safe and healthy. In addition, we continuously improve the environmental performance of our operations by developing new initiatives to prevent or reduce harmful emissions to air, soil and water.
•  Sustainable Products:  Our objective is to create new “shrink” technology to continue the exponential improvement in energy efficiency of computing systems through a sustained level of investments in R&D, and to improve the energy efficiency of our products. In addition, we aim to guarantee the safety performance of our products and auxiliary equipment through appropriate design.
•  Sustainable Value Chain:  Our objective is to continuously improve the performance and sustainability of our supply chain, as well as to cooperate with our customers to positively influence their impact on environment and society.
•  Sustainable Culture:  Our objective is to continuously improve on providing employment that inspires our highly skilled work force and respects their cultural and individual differences. In addition, we care for the local and global communities in which we operate.
 
 
Customer focus
Ensuring customers are served with the right products at the right time, supported by excellent service, is key to ASML’s commitment to a long-term relationship. With high-valued products, customers expect high-quality support customized to their specific requirements. This support includes service engineers, equipped with the latest technical information, to ensure the highest levels of system performance, as well as applications specialists who support optimal system processing and new product implementation.
 
 
ASML aims to deliver lithography systems with the lowest cost of ownership and highest earnings.
 
 
Customer satisfaction is a critical objective of ASML. We have Account Teams that are specifically dedicated to customer satisfaction throughout the lifecycle of our products.
 
 
Through 2010, all of the top 10 chip makers worldwide, in terms of semiconductor capital expenditure, were our customers. We also have a significant share of customers outside the top 10 and we strive for continued business growth with all our customers. We expect customer concentration to increase because of continuing consolidation in the semiconductor manufacturing industry.
 
 
In 2010, our satisfaction ratings by customers surpassed every lithography competitor for the eighth successive year, according to VLSI Research, an independent industry research firm that surveyed customers representing 95.0 percent of the world’s total semiconductor market.
 
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Strategic investment in research and development
Our customer-base relies on ASML to deliver the right technology at the right time to meet long-term roadmaps which often extend many years into the future. To meet these demands, ASML is committed to significant long-term investments in R&D that are not significantly impacted by short-term cyclical swings. ASML has one of the highest private R&D budgets invested in the Netherlands. In 2010, our R&D investments (net of credits) amounted to EUR 523.4 million, an increase from previous years to accommodate the rapid introduction of newly developed platforms which are in demand by customers (2009: EUR 466.8 million; 2008: EUR 516.1 million). A significant part of this budget was used for R&D jointly with our suppliers and technology partners. Through direct government grants designed to stimulate high-risk research for the medium and long term future, ASML received R&D credits of EUR 29.5 million in 2010. The Company expects that these R&D credits to ASML will decline significantly over coming years.
 
 
The foundation of our lithography scanners is our dual-stage wafer imaging platform – the TWINSCAN system – which we introduced in 2000 and which allows exposure of one wafer while simultaneously measuring the wafer which will be exposed next. Our strong leadership in this capability has allowed us to achieve the industry’s highest throughput, enabling reduced cost-per-exposure per wafer. ASML is the only lithography manufacturer that enables volume production based on dual-stage systems.
 
 
We have focused our R&D investments on three core programs: immersion, double patterning and EUV.
 
 
Our innovative immersion lithography systems place a fluid between the wafer and a system’s projection lens to enhance focus and enable circuit line-width to shrink to smaller dimensions than what is possible with “dry” lithography systems. ASML pioneered this “wet” technology and has experienced strong demand for immersion-based systems, which have been adopted by most of our customers in all semiconductor market segments, including NAND-Flash memory chip, DRAM memory chip, as well as the Logic processor chip segment.
 
 
We have developed different immersion systems for different customer needs. We have optimized our TWINSCAN XT immersion systems for cost-effective imaging down to 38 nm patterning, and have developed a new dual wafer stage system called TWINSCAN NXT with improved positioning (“overlay”) and imaging. The TWINSCAN NXT platform enables next generations of semiconductors through the so-called double patterning technique which requires two exposures per layer on a chip, enabling precise imaging patterns and lines by using our TWINSCAN NXT planar wafer stage and breakthrough grid metrology. ASML sold 34 TWINSCAN NXT systems in 2010.
 
 
Also in 2010, we achieved a major milestone with EUV lithography when we shipped our first second-generation EUV system to a customer’s manufacturing site. This system will be used by the customer to develop its EUV manufacturing process before high-volume EUV systems will become available, which we expect to occur in 2012. We anticipate that five additional second-generation systems will be shipped to other customers in 2011. As of December 31, 2010, we had received nine orders for its successor, the third-generation, high-volume EUV systems which are scheduled to ship from 2012 onwards. The NXE (EUV) system, built on an evolved TWINSCAN platform, enables our customers to extend their roadmap towards smaller chip features. EUV permits chip makers to expose a critical layer in just one single step – as opposed to double patterning which requires multiple steps. EUV also has a roadmap from the initial 27 nm resolution down to 16 nm and beyond. We have published a roadmap to develop a range of EUV models, offering the greatest extendibility at the lowest cost of ownership for the future of lithography.
 
 
We complement our scanner products with a rapidly expanding holistic lithography portfolio of software and metrology products to help our customers optimize semiconductor scanner performance, provide a faster start to chip production and achieve better imaging at higher resolutions. Our customers optimize their scanner performance by taking into account the entire chip creation process, from design to volume manufacturing – we call this approach “holistic lithography”. During 2010 we announced broad customer adoption of holistic lithography products as all of ASML’s leading-edge scanners were sold with one or more holistic lithography components. Semiconductor manufacturers face increasingly smaller margins of error as they shrink chip features. Holistic lithography provides a way to shrink within these margins, offering significant revenue-generating and cost-saving opportunities to our customers.
 
 
Operational excellence
We strive to sustain our business success based on our technological leadership by continuing to execute our fundamental operating strategy well, including reducing lead-times while improving our cost competitiveness. Lead-time is the time from a customer’s order to a tool’s delivery.
 
 
Our business strategy includes outsourcing the manufacturing of the majority of components and subassemblies that make up our products. We work in partnership with suppliers, collaborating on quality, logistics, technology and total cost. By operating our strategy of value sourcing, we strive to attain flexibility and cost efficiencies from our suppliers through mutual commitment and
 
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shared risk and reward. Value sourcing also allows the flexibility to adapt to the cyclicality of the world market for semiconductor lithography systems.
 
 
ASML has a flexible labor model with a mix of fixed and flexible contracted labor in its manufacturing and R&D facilities in Veldhoven, the Netherlands, and payroll employees compensated under a partly variable salary structure through ASML’s profit sharing plan. This reinforces our ability to adapt more quickly to semiconductor market cycles, including support for potential 24-hour, seven days-a-week production activities. By maximizing the flexibility of our high-tech workforce, we can shorten lead-times: a key driver of added value for customers. Flexibility also reduces our working capital requirements.
 
 
In view of the economic volatility of the semiconductor industry, we continue to strive to improve efficiencies in our operations: addressing our cost structure and strengthening our capability to generate cash.
 
 
ASML operations update on key performance indicators
 
The following table presents the key performance indicators used by our Board of Management and senior management to measure performance in our monthly operational review meetings.
 
 
                                               

 
Year ended December 31   2008
          2009
          2010
     
(in millions)   EUR           EUR           EUR      
Sales
                                             
Net sales
    2,953.7               1,596.1               4,507.9        
Increase (decrease) in net sales (%)
    (21.6)               (46.0)               182.4        
Net system sales
    2,516.8               1,174.9               3,894.7        
Sales of systems (in units)
    151               70               197        
Average selling price of system sales
    16.7               16.8               19.8        
                                               
Value of systems backlog1
    857.3               2,113.7               3,855.7        
Systems backlog (in units)1
    41               69               157        
Average selling price of systems backlog1
    20.9               30.6               24.6        
Average selling price of systems backlog (New)1
    24.9               33.0               27.7        
Average selling price of systems backlog (Used)1
    4.6               10.0               5.1        
NXT systems sold (in units)
                  3               34        
Profitability
                                             
Gross profit
    1,015.5       34.4%       458.4       28.7 %     1,955.2       43.4%
Income (loss) from operations2
    289.2       9.8%       (163.1)       (10.2) %     1,250.7       27.7%
Net income (loss)
    322.4       10.9%       (150.9)       (9.5) %     1,021.8       22.7%
Liquidity
                                             
Cash and cash equivalents
    1,109.2               1,037.1               1,949.8        
Operating cash flow2
    283.0               99.2               940.0        
 
 
In the past, ASML valued net bookings and systems backlog at net system sales value, which does not reflect the full order value because it excludes the value of options and services related to the systems. As of 2010, in order to more adequately reflect the business circumstances, ASML values net bookings and systems backlog at full order value (i.e. including options and services). The comparative figures for 2008 and 2009 have been adjusted in order to reflect this change.
As of January 1, 2010 ASML adopted ASC 810 “Amendments to FIN 46(R)” which resulted in the consolidation of the VIE that owns ASML’s headquarters in Veldhoven, the Netherlands. The comparative figures for 2008 and 2009 have been adjusted to reflect this change in accounting policy. See Note 1 and Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements.
 
 
Sales
For the longer term, and based on industry analysts IC growth forecasts, we expect our sales level to grow. Our sales levels depend on three growth drivers: market growth, market share growth and a broadening of our product and services scope.
 
 
In 2010, net sales increased by 182.4 percent to EUR 4,507.9 million from EUR 1,596.1 million in 2009 (2008: EUR 2,953.7 million). The increase in net sales was caused by an increase in the number of systems sold and an increase in ASP, reflecting the recovery of the semiconductor equipment industry, started in the second half of 2009 and continued in 2010, as customers invested in KrF systems for basic capacity growth and new leading-edge immersion technology in order to enable new technology ramp-ups. In contrast, the first half of 2009, was characterized by the collapse of the semiconductor equipment demand as a result of the crisis that began in the second half of 2008 and continued in 2009 (“financial and economic crisis”).
 
 
The ASP of our systems increased by 17.9 percent to EUR 19.8 million in 2010 from EUR 16.8 million in 2009 (2008: EUR 16.7 million) resulting from a shift to more leading-edge systems. The ASP of our new systems increased by 14.2 percent to EUR 24.1 million in 2010 from EUR 21.1 million in 2009 (2008: EUR 20.4 million) which was mainly driven by increased sales of our leading-edge technology products (such as XT:1950i and NXT:1950i systems) compared with 2009. The ASP of our used systems decreased by
 
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44.3 percent to EUR 4.4 million in 2010 from EUR 7.9 million in 2009 (2008: EUR 4.8 million) which was the result of a shift in the mix of used systems sold toward more low-end system types.
 
 
As of December 31, 2010, our systems backlog was valued at EUR 3,855.7 million and included 157 systems with an ASP of EUR 24.6 million. As of December 31, 2009, the systems backlog was valued at EUR 2,113.7 million and included 69 systems with an ASP of EUR 30.6 million. The significant increase in our systems backlog reflects our customers’ NAND Flash memory investments for the high volume ramp-up of new technologies and Foundry/Logic commitments for new strategic fab projects, offset by weakening DRAM lithography demand (albeit at a rate less than originally anticipated). The increase will support both technology shrink as well as an increase in manufacturing capacity. ASP decreased in 2010 compared to 2009 because the systems backlog as of December 31, 2010, includes a broad mix of systems for all chip layers, whereas the systems backlog as of December 31, 2009, mainly included new leading-edge immersion technology.
 
 
In 2010, our most advanced volume production immersion system TWINSCAN NXT:1950i, with improved overlay and imaging compared with the TWINSCAN XT immersion systems, continued to ramp-up. The NXT platform enables new generations of semiconductors through the so-called double patterning technique which requires two exposures per layer on a chip. During 2010, 34 TWINSCAN NXT systems were sold.
 
 
Profitability
Our general strategy is to seek to achieve income from operations to net sales of 10.0 to 15.0 percent at the downturn point and 25.0 to 30.0 percent at the upturn point over the industry’s business cycle. However in exceptional circumstances, as evidenced by the financial and economic crisis, we could see periods with results from operations that are substantially below our minimum target level.
 
 
Income from operations increased to EUR 1,250.7 million, or 27.7 percent of net sales, in 2010 from a loss from operations of EUR 163.1 million, or 10.2 percent of net sales, in 2009 (2008: EUR 289.2 million income from operations, or 9.8 percent of net sales). This EUR 1,413.8 million increase was the result of an increase in sales and the resulting increase in gross profit of EUR 1,496.8 million which was partly offset by an increase in operating expenses (consisting of SG&A and R&D costs) of EUR 83.0 million.
 
 
Gross profit increased to EUR 1,955.2 million or 43.4 percent of net sales in 2010 from EUR 458.4 million or 28.7 percent of net sales in 2009 (2008: EUR 1,015.5 gross profit or 34.4 percent of net sales). The higher gross profit was mainly attributable to a significant increase in net sales as a result of the recovery of the semiconductor equipment industry, which started in the second half of 2009 and continued in 2010 as customers invested in KrF systems for basic capacity growth and in new leading-edge immersion technology, in order to enable new technology ramp-ups. The increase in gross profit was partly offset by increased manufacturing costs as a result of longer lead-times in the first half of 2010. Furthermore, our manufacturing facilities were fully utilized in 2010. In contrast, the first half of 2009 was characterized by the collapse of semiconductor equipment demand as a result of the financial and economic crisis. Although the recovery of the semiconductor equipment industry started in the second half of 2009, the full year 2009 gross margin was negatively impacted by very low net sales and underutilization of capacity in the first half of 2009.
 
 
Operating expenses showed an increase of EUR 83.0 million in 2010 compared with 2009. R&D costs increased by EUR 56.7 million, or 12.1 percent resulting from increased spending on our strategic programs, in particular immersion, double patterning and EUV. SG&A costs increased by EUR 26.3 million, or 17.0 percent as a result of both higher sales levels and increased costs to implement and support IT solutions and costs for improvement programs (mainly employee development costs).
 
 
ASML has a flexible labor model with a mix of fixed and flexible contracted labor in its manufacturing and R&D facilities in Veldhoven, the Netherlands, and payroll employees compensated under a partly variable salary structure through ASML’s profit sharing plan. This reinforces our ability to adapt more quickly to semiconductor market cycles.
 
 
Net income in 2010 amounted to EUR 1,021.8 million, or 22.7 percent of net sales, representing EUR 2.35 net income per ordinary share, compared with net loss in 2009 of EUR 150.9 million, or 9.5 percent of net sales, representing EUR 0.35 net loss per ordinary share (2008: net income of EUR 322.4 million or 10.9 percent of net sales, representing EUR 0.75 net income per ordinary share).
 
 
Liquidity
As part of our financing policy we seek to maintain a strategic level of cash and cash equivalents of between EUR 1.0 and 1.5 billion. In addition to dividend payments, to the extent the level of cash and cash equivalents exceeds this target level and there are no investment opportunities that we wish to pursue, we intend to return cash to our shareholders through share buybacks or repayment of capital.
 
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Our cash and cash equivalents increased to EUR 1,949.8 million as of December 31, 2010 from EUR 1,037.1 million as of December 31, 2009. We generated cash from operating activities of EUR 940.0 million in 2010. Furthermore, we generated cash from financing activities of EUR 92.7 million, mainly reflecting deposits from customers of EUR 150.0 million and net proceeds from issuance of shares and stock options of EUR 31.0 million, partly offset by a cash outflow from our 2010 dividend payment (EUR 87.0 million). An amount of EUR 124.9 million of cash was used in investing activities mainly related to machinery and equipment and the start of the second part of the EUV and NXT production facilities in Veldhoven, the Netherlands.
 
 
The Company’s available credit facilities amount to EUR 700.0 million and consist of two facilities: a EUR 500.0 million credit facility and a EUR 200.0 million loan facility. No amounts were outstanding under these facilities during 2010.
 
 
ASML did not repurchase any shares in 2010.  The cumulative amount returned to shareholders in the form of share buybacks and capital repayment between May 2006 and December 2010 was EUR 2,137.7 million. As announced on January 19, 2011, ASML intends to repurchase up to EUR 1.0 billion of its own shares within the next two years and to increase dividend pay-out in respect of 2010 to EUR 0.40 per ordinary share of EUR 0.09 (subject to approval of the 2011 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders).
 
 
In April 2010, the Company paid a dividend of EUR 0.20 per outstanding ordinary share of EUR 0.09 or EUR 87.0 million in total. A proposal will be submitted to the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders on April 20, 2011, to declare a dividend for 2010 of EUR 0.40 per outstanding ordinary share of EUR 0.09.
 
 
A. Operating Results
 
 
Critical accounting policies using significant estimates
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities on the balance sheet dates, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. We evaluate our estimates continually and we base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates if the assumptions prove incorrect. To the extent there are material differences between actual results and these estimates, our future results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. We believe that the accounting policies described below require us to make significant judgments and estimates in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
 
 
Revenue recognition
ASML recognizes revenue when all four revenue recognition criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; seller’s price to buyer is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured. At ASML, this policy generally results in revenue recognition from the sale of a system upon shipment. The revenue from the installation of a system is generally recognized upon completion of that installation at the customer site. Each system undergoes, prior to shipment, a “Factory Acceptance Test” in ASML’s clean room facilities, effectively replicating the operating conditions that will be present on the customer’s site, in order to verify whether the system will meet its standard specifications and any additional technical and performance criteria agreed with the customer, if any. A system is shipped, and revenue is recognized, only after all specifications are met and customer sign-off is received or waived. In case not all specifications are met and the remaining performance obligation is not essential to the functionality of the system but is substantive rather than inconsequential or perfunctory, a portion of the sales price is deferred. Although each system’s performance is re-tested upon installation at the customer’s site, ASML has never failed to successfully complete installation of a system at a customer’s premises.
 
 
In 2010, we shipped our first second-generation EUV system to a customer’s manufacturing site, and as a result, we deferred revenue from new technology systems for an amount of EUR 38.5 million as of December 31, 2010 (2009 and 2008: no revenue from new technology was deferred). During 2010, 2009 and 2008, the Company did not recognize any revenue from new technology that had previously been deferred.
 
 
In connection with the introduction of new technology, such as our second-generation EUV systems, we initially defer revenue recognition until completion of installation and acceptance of the new technology based system at customer premises. Any such deferral of revenues, however, could have a material effect on ASML’s results of operations for the period in which the deferral occurred and on the succeeding periods. As our systems are based largely on two product platforms that permit incremental, modular upgrades, the introduction of genuinely “new” technology occurs infrequently, and in the past 12 years, has occurred on only two occasions: 2010 (EUV) and 1999 (TWINSCAN).
 
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With respect to the third-generation EUV systems which are expected to be available for shipment to customers from 2012 onwards, the Company is currently assessing the conditions upon which revenue would be recognized and whether or not amounts should be deferred. Any such deferral of revenues could have a material effect on ASML’s results of operations for the period in which the deferral occurred and on the succeeding periods.
 
 
ASML has no significant repurchase commitments in its general sales terms and conditions. From time to time the Company repurchases systems that it has manufactured and sold and, following refurbishment, resells those systems to other customers. This repurchase decision is driven by market demand expressed by other customers and not by explicit or implicit contractual arrangements relating to the initial sale. The Company considers reasonable offers from any vendor, including customers, to repurchase used systems so that it can refurbish, resell and install these systems as part of its normal business operations. Once repurchased, the repurchase price of the used system is recorded in work-in-process inventory during the period it is being refurbished, following which the refurbished system is reflected in finished products inventory until it is sold to the customer. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009 ASML had no repurchase commitments.
 
 
The main portion of our revenue is derived from contractual arrangements with our customers that have multiple deliverables, such as installation and training services and prepaid extended and enhanced (optic) warranty contracts. The revenue relating to the undelivered elements of the arrangements is deferred at fair value until delivery of these elements. The fair value is determined by vendor specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) except the fair value of the prepaid extended and enhanced (optic) warranty contracts, which is based on the list price. VSOE is determined based upon the prices that we charge for installation and comparable services (such as relocating a system to another customer site) on a stand-alone basis, which are subject to normal price negotiations. Revenue from installation and training services is recognized when the services are completed. Revenue from prepaid extended and enhanced (optic) warranty contracts is recognized over the term of the contract.
 
 
The deferred revenue balance from installation and training services as of December 31, 2010 amounted to EUR 10.1 million (2009: EUR 3.0 million) and EUR 12.7 million (2009: EUR 10.4 million), respectively.
 
 
The deferred revenue balance from prepaid extended and enhanced (optic) warranty contracts as of December 31, 2010, amounted to EUR 243.4 million (2009: EUR 125.9 million).
 
 
We offer customers discounts in the normal course of sales negotiations. These discounts are directly deducted from the gross sales price at the moment of revenue recognition. From time to time, we offer volume discounts to certain customers. In some instances these volume discounts can be used to purchase field options (system enhancements). The related amount is recorded as a reduction in revenue at time of shipment. From time to time, we offer free or discounted products or services (award credits) to our customers as part of a volume purchase agreement. The sales transaction that gives rise to these award credits is accounted for as a multiple element revenue transaction as the agreements involve the delivery of multiple products. The consideration received from the sales transaction is allocated between the award credits and the other elements of the sales transaction. The consideration allocated to the award credits is recognized as deferred revenue until award credits are delivered to the customer. The amount allocable to a delivered item is limited to the amount that is not contingent upon the delivery of additional items or meeting other specified performance conditions (the non-contingent amount).
 
 
Revenues are recognized excluding the taxes levied on revenues (net basis).
 
 
Warranty
We provide standard warranty coverage on our systems for 12 months and on certain optic parts for 60 months, providing labor and parts necessary to repair systems and optic parts during the warranty period. The estimated warranty costs are accounted for by accruing these costs for each system upon recognition of the system sale. The estimated warranty costs are based on historical product performance and field expenses. Based upon historical service records, we calculate the charge of average service hours and parts per system to determine the estimated warranty charge. On a semi-annual basis, the Company assesses, and updates if necessary, its accounting estimates used to calculate the standard warranty reserve based on the latest actual historical warranty costs and expected future warranty costs. The actual product performance and/or field expense profiles may differ, and in those cases we adjust our warranty reserves accordingly. Future warranty costs may exceed our estimates, which could lead to an increase in our cost of sales. In 2010 and 2009, the reassessments of the warranty reserve, and resulting change in accounting estimate, did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and per
 
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share amounts. For 2008, the impact of the change in accounting estimate on the consolidated statements of operations and per share amounts was as follows:
 
                 

 
   
Year Ended December 31   2008
       
(in thousands, except per share data)   EUR     %  
Income from operations
    33,409       11.6%  
Net income
    24,890       7.7%  
Basic net income per ordinary share
    0.06       8.0%  
Diluted net income per ordinary share
    0.06       8.1%  
 
 
 
Evaluation of long-lived assets for impairment and costs associated with exit or disposal activities
Long-lived assets include goodwill, other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment.
 
 
Goodwill is tested for impairment annually on September 30 and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the goodwill may not be recoverable. The test is based on a two-step approach for each reporting unit in which goodwill has been recorded. First, recoverability is tested by comparing the carrying amount of the reporting unit including goodwill with the fair value of the reporting unit, being the sum of the discounted future cash flows. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit is higher than the fair value of the reporting unit, the second step should be performed. Goodwill impairment is measured as the excess of the carrying amount of the goodwill over its implied fair value. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined by calculating the fair value of the various assets and liabilities included in the reporting unit in the same manner as goodwill is determined in a business combination.
 
 
All of ASML’s goodwill as of December 31, 2010 relates to the acquisition of Brion in March 2007. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to the reporting unit Brion. The fair value of the reporting unit Brion is calculated based on the discounted cash flow method (income approach). These calculations use after-tax discounted cash flow projections based on a strategic plan approved by management.
 
 
The material assumptions used by management for the fair value calculation of the reporting unit (based on past experience) are:
•  Cash flow projections for the coming five years are based on a significant growth scenario, reflecting the start-up nature of Brion. Projections are built bottom-up, using estimates for revenue, gross profit, R&D costs and SG&A costs.
•  Brion would reach maturity in the final year of this five year period and grow at a weighted average growth rate of 3.0 percent from then onwards, which Management believes is a reasonable estimate that does not exceed the long-term historical average growth rate for the lithography business in which Brion operates.
•  A post-tax discount rate of 13.1 percent representing Brion’s weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) based on market participants’ view, was determined using an adjusted version of the Capital Asset Pricing Model. Since Brion is not financed with debt, WACC was assumed to equal Brion’s cost of equity. The discount rate decreased compared with the prior year, reflecting the recovery of the semiconductor equipment industry.
 
 
Management believes that the fair value calculated reflects the amount a market participant would be willing to pay. Based on this analysis management believes that the fair value of the reporting unit substantially exceeded its carrying value and that, therefore, goodwill was not impaired as of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009.
 
 
ASML performed sensitivity analyses on each of these assumptions and concluded that any reasonably likely change in these assumptions would not have caused the carrying amount of Brion to exceed its fair value. A discussion of the sensitivity analysis is set out below:
•  Estimated cash flows associated with Brion’s operations after the initial five year period accounted for 70.9 percent of the reporting unit’s estimated fair value, based on the assumed 3.0 percent growth rate. Assuming Management’s estimate of cash flows for the initial five year period is unchanged; growth in subsequent years could reduce to zero percent without Brion’s estimated fair value falling below its carrying amount of EUR 201.9 million. Management does not believe, however, that such a long-term no growth scenario is reasonably likely, given that the long-term historical growth rate of the lithography industry exceeds 3.0 percent.
•  The estimated cash flows associated with Brion’s initial five year period including the estimated cash flows after the initial five year period, could be reduced by up to 26.5 percent without causing the fair value of Brion to decrease below its carrying amount of EUR 201.9 million. Management does not believe that such a decline is reasonably likely based on Management’s future expectations on the development of these cash flows.
•  The discount rate used in the fair value calculation could increase from 13.1 percent to 16.1 percent without causing the fair value of Brion to decrease below its carrying amount of EUR 201.9 million. Management does not believe such an increase is reasonably likely.
 
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Other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of those assets may not be recoverable. Other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are tested for impairment based on a two-step approach. First, the recoverability is tested by comparing the carrying amount of the other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment with the fair value being the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows. Second, if the carrying amount of the other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment is higher than the fair value the assets are considered to be impaired. The impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the asset.
 
 
In determining the fair value of a reporting unit or an asset, the Company makes estimates about future cash flows. These estimates are based on the financial plan updated with the latest available projection of the semiconductor market conditions and our sales and cost expectations, which are consistent with the plans and estimates that we use to manage our business. We also make estimates and assumptions concerning WACC and future inflation rates.
 
 
It is possible that the outcome of the plans, estimates and assumptions used may differ from our estimates, which may require impairment of certain long-lived assets, including goodwill. Future adverse changes in market conditions may also require impairment of certain long-lived assets, including goodwill.
 
 
During 2010, we recorded impairment charges of EUR 8.6 million in property, plant and equipment of which we recorded EUR 7.3 million in cost of sales, EUR 0.7 million in R&D costs and EUR 0.6 million in SG&A costs. We did not record any impairment charges in other intangible assets. The Company impaired several technical infrastructure items which will cease to be used during the expected economic life due to technical changes relating to NXE (EUV) development. The impairment charges were determined based on the difference between the assets’ value in use (being EUR 0.4 million) and their carrying amount.
 
 
Inventories
Inventories, including spare parts and lenses, are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or market value. Costs include net prices paid for materials purchased, charges for freight and customs duties, production labor cost and factory overhead. Allowances are made for slow moving, obsolete or unsellable inventory and are reviewed on a quarterly basis. Our methodology involves matching our on-hand and on-order inventory with our requirements based on the expected demand and resulting manufacturing forecast. In determining inventory allowances, we evaluate inventory in excess of our forecasted needs on both technological and economical criteria and make appropriate provisions to reflect the risk of obsolescence. This methodology is significantly affected by our forecasted needs for inventory. If actual requirements were to be lower than estimated, additional inventory allowances for excess or obsolete inventory may be required, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. As of December 31, 2010, the allowance for inventory obsolescence amounted to EUR 189.2 million (2009: EUR 205.2 million).
 
 
In 2010, additions to the allowance mainly relate to certain obsolete parts due to technological developments and design changes. This was more than offset by the utilization of the provision which mainly relates to sale and scrap of impaired inventories. In 2010, ASML made EUR 68.7 million profit on the sale of inventories that had been previously written down (2009: EUR 64.8 million).
 
 
In 2009, the increase was mainly due to a reassessment by the Company of expected future demand based on the unexpected customers’ response to the financial and economic crisis.
 
 
Accounts receivable
A majority of our accounts receivable are derived from sales to a limited number of large multinational semiconductor manufacturers throughout the world. In order to monitor potential credit losses, we perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers’ financial condition. An allowance for doubtful accounts is maintained for potential credit losses based upon management’s assessment of the expected collectability of all accounts receivable. The allowance for doubtful accounts is reviewed periodically to assess the adequacy of the allowance. In making this assessment, management takes into consideration (i) any circumstances of which we are aware regarding a customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations; and (ii) our judgments as to potential prevailing economic conditions in the industry and their potential impact on the Company’s customers. Where we deem it prudent to do so, we may require some form of credit enhancement, such as letters of credit, down payments and retention of ownership provisions in contracts, before shipping systems to certain customers, which are intended to recover the systems in the event a customer defaults on payment. We have not incurred any material accounts receivable credit losses during the past three years. Our three largest customers (based on net sales) accounted for 42.4 percent of accounts receivable at December 31, 2010, compared with 44.0 percent at December 31, 2009. A business failure of one of our main customers could result in a substantial credit loss in respect to amounts owed to the Company by that customer, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
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Provisions
Employee contract termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated before an eligible employee’s normal retirement date, or whenever an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits. ASML recognizes employee contract termination benefits when ASML is demonstrably committed to either terminating the employment of current employees according to a detailed formal plan where there is no possibility of withdrawal, or when ASML provides termination benefits as a result of an offer made to encourage voluntary redundancy. The timing of recognition and measurement of the provision for employee contract termination benefits depends on whether employees are required to render service until their employment is terminated in order to receive the termination benefits. If employees are not required to render services beyond the minimum retention period, the provision will be recognized at the communication date. If employees are required to render services beyond the minimum retention period the provision will be recognized ratably over the future service period. The provisions are measured at fair value. As of December 31, 2010, the provision for employee contract termination benefits was fully utilized.
 
 
Provisions for lease contract termination costs are recognized when costs will continue to be incurred under a contract for its remaining term without economic benefit to the Company and the Company ceases using the rights conveyed by the contract. The provisions are measured at fair value which is determined based on the remaining lease payments reduced by the estimated sublease payment that could be reasonably obtained.
 
 
As of December 31, 2010, the provision for lease contract termination costs amounted to EUR 14.1 million (2009: EUR 15.2 million) and relates to an operating lease contract for a building for which no economic benefits are expected.
 
 
Contingencies and litigation
We are party to various legal proceedings generally incidental to our business, as disclosed in Note 17 to our consolidated financial statements. In connection with these proceedings and claims, management evaluated, based on the relevant facts and legal principles, the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome and whether the amount of the loss could be reasonably estimated. In most cases, management determined that either a loss was not probable or was not reasonably estimable. In 2010, an amount of EUR 1.5 million loss was recorded as a charge to the Company’s consolidated statements of operations (2009 and 2008: no estimated losses were recorded). Significant subjective judgments were required in these evaluations, including judgments regarding the validity of asserted claims and the likely outcome of legal and administrative proceedings. The outcome of these proceedings, however, is subject to a number of factors beyond our control, most notably the uncertainty associated with predicting decisions by courts and administrative agencies. In addition, estimates of the potential costs associated with legal and administrative proceedings frequently cannot be subjected to any sensitivity analysis, as damage estimates or settlement offers by claimants may bear little or no relation to the eventual outcome. Finally, in any particular proceeding, even where we believe that we would ultimately prevail, we may agree to settle or to terminate a claim or proceeding where we believe that doing so, when taken together with other relevant commercial considerations, is more cost-effective than engaging in expensive and protracted litigation, the outcome of which is uncertain.
 
 
We accrue legal costs related to litigation in our consolidated statements of operations at the time when the related legal services are actually provided to us.
 
 
Share-based compensation expenses
The cost of employee services received (compensation expenses) in exchange for awards of equity instruments are recognized based upon the grant-date fair value of stock options and stock. The grant-date fair value of stock options is estimated using a Black-Scholes option valuation model. This Black-Scholes model requires the use of assumptions, including expected share price volatility, the estimated life of each award and the estimated dividend yield. The risk-free interest rate used in the model is determined, based on a euro government bond with a life equal to the expected life of the equity-settled share-based payments. The grant-date fair value of shares is determined based on the closing price of the Company’s ordinary shares on Euronext Amsterdam by NYSE Euronext (“Euronext Amsterdam”) on the grant-date.
 
 
The grant-date fair value of the equity-settled share-based payments is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the Company’s estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest. At each balance sheet date, the Company revises its estimate of the number of equity instruments expected to vest. The impact of the revision of the original estimates, if any, is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations in the period in which the revision is determined, with a corresponding adjustment to equity.
 
 
We make quarterly assessments of the adequacy of the (hypothetical) tax pool to determine whether there are tax deficiencies that require recognition in the consolidated statements of operations. We have selected the alternative transition method (under ASC 718) in order to calculate the tax pool.
 
 
Our current share-based payment plans do not provide for cash settlement of options and stock.
 
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Income taxes
We operate in various tax jurisdictions in Europe, Asia and the United States and must comply with the tax laws and regulations of each of these jurisdictions.
 
 
We use the asset and liability method in accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for tax consequences attributable to differences between the balance sheet carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Furthermore tax assets are recognized for the tax effect of incurred net operating losses. If it is more likely than not that the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the carrying amounts of those assets.
 
 
We continuously assess our ability to realize our deferred tax assets resulting, among others, from net operating loss carry-forwards. The total amount of tax effect of the loss carry-forward as of December 31, 2010 was EUR 27.8 million (2009: EUR 107.1 million), which resides with ASML US, Inc. and US based subsidiaries of ASML US Inc. We believe that all losses will be offset by future taxable income before our ability to utilize those losses expires. This analysis takes into account our projected future taxable income from operations and possible tax planning alternatives available to us.
 
 
Consistent with the provisions of ASC 740, as of December 31, 2010, ASML has a liability for unrecognized tax benefits of EUR 162.1 million (2009: EUR 133.3 million). An amount of EUR 143.9 million of this liability for unrecognized tax benefits is classified as non-current deferred and other tax liabilities because payment of cash is not expected within one year, while an amount of EUR 18.2 million of this liability for unrecognized tax benefits is classified as current deferred and other tax liabilities because payment of cash is expected within one year. The 2009 liability for unrecognized tax benefits was classified as non-current deferred and other tax liabilities since at that time, payment of cash was not expected within one year. The total liability for unrecognized tax benefits, if reversed, would have a favorable effect on the Company’s effective tax rate.
 
 
Expected interest and penalties related to income tax liabilities have been accrued for and are included in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits and in the (provision for) benefit from income taxes. The balance of accrued interest and penalties recorded in the consolidated balance sheets of December 31, 2010 amounted to EUR 33.8 million (2009: EUR 28.5 million). Accrued interest and penalties recorded in the consolidated statements of operations of 2010 amounted to EUR 5.3 million (2009: EUR 4.9 million; 2008: EUR 2.1 million) and are included under (provision for) benefit from income taxes.
 
 
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance of the liability for unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
 
                 

 
   
As of December 31   2009
    2010
 
(in millions)   EUR     EUR  
Balance, January 1
    124.2       133.3  
Gross increases — tax positions in prior period
    6.4       8.6  
Gross decreases — tax positions in prior period
    (1.8 )     (1.1 )
Gross increases — tax positions in current period
    10.6       24.7  
Settlements
    (4.3 )     (3.4 )
Lapse of statute of limitations
    (1.8 )      
                 
Total liability for unrecognized tax benefits
    133.3       162.1  
Less: current portion of liability for unrecognized tax benefits
          18.2  
Non-current portion of liability for unrecognized tax benefits
    133.3       143.9  
 
 
 
For the year ended December 31, 2010, there were no material changes compared to 2009 related to the liability for unrecognized tax benefits that impacted the Company’s effective tax rate.
 
 
The Company estimates that the total liability for unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by EUR 30.0 million within the next 12 months. The estimated changes to the liability for unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months are mainly due to a cash payment in order to be able to contest the assessment, expected settlements and expiration of statute of limitations.
 
 
The Company is subject to tax audits in its major tax jurisdictions for years from and including 2007 onwards in the Netherlands, for years from and including 2004 onwards for Hong Kong, and for years from and including 2001 onwards for the United States. In the course of such audits, local tax authorities may challenge the positions taken by the Company. For the years 2004 and 2005, the applicable tax rate of taxable profits is subject to tax audits in certain tax jurisdictions.
 
 
In December 2010, ASML reached agreement with the Dutch fiscal authorities regarding the application of the “Innovation Box”, a facility under Dutch corporate tax law pursuant to which income associated with R&D is partially exempted from taxation. This tax
 
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ruling has retroactive effect to January 1, 2007 and is valid through December 31, 2016. Thereafter the validity of this ruling may be extended or this ruling may be adapted depending on a possible change of circumstances. While the Company’s domestic nominal rate was 25.5 percent in 2010, for the ASML entities in the Dutch fiscal group, the tax rate is effectively reduced as a result of the Innovation Box effect for current and prior years. As a result certain Dutch deferred tax assets, Dutch deferred tax liabilities and other taxes will be realized in future years against the reduced effective tax rate resulting from the Innovation Box. The net effect amounts to EUR 26.8 million (loss) or 2.2 percent of income from operations before income taxes. The Innovation Box effect for the current year amounts to EUR 93.5 million (gain) or 7.5 percent of income from operations before income taxes.
 
 
In 2010, ASML recognized tax benefit of EUR 25.6 million or 2.1 percent of income from operations before income taxes mainly attributable to the application of the Innovation Box for prior years, which had a favorable effect on the effective tax rate for 2010 (EUR 37.5 million including interest or 3.0 percent).
 
 
At the end of 2010, the Dutch government enacted a tax rate reduction from 25.5 percent in 2010 to 25.0 percent in 2011. As a result, the value of certain Dutch deferred tax assets and liabilities was reduced by EUR 0.4 million (loss).
 
 
Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of results of operations should be viewed in the context of the risks affecting our business strategy, described in Item 3.D. “Risk Factors”.
 
 
Set out below our consolidated statements of operations data for the three years ended December 31, 2010:
 
                         

 
   
Year ended December 31
  2008
    2009
    2010
 
(in millions)   EUR     EUR     EUR  
Total net sales
    2,953.7       1,596.1       4,507.9  
Cost of sales
    1,938.2       1,137.7       2,552.7  
Gross profit on sales
    1,015.5       458.4       1,955.2  
Research and development costs
    516.1       466.8       523.4  
Selling, general and administrative costs1
    210.2       154.7       181.1  
Income (loss) from operations1
    289.2       (163.1 )     1,250.7  
Interest income (expense), net1
    20.5       (8.4 )     (8.2 )
Income (loss) from operations before income taxes
    309.7       (171.5 )     1,242.5  
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes
    12.7       20.6       (220.7 )
Net income (loss)
    322.4       (150.9 )     1,021.8  
 
 
As of January 1, 2010 ASML adopted ASC 810 “Amendments to FIN 46(R)” which resulted in the consolidation of the VIE that owns ASML’s headquarters in Veldhoven, the Netherlands. The comparative figures for 2008 and 2009 have been adjusted to reflect this change in accounting policy. See Note 1 and Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements.
 
 
Set out below are our consolidated statements of operations from operations data for the three years ended December 31, 2010, expressed as a percentage of our total net sales:
 
                         

 
   
Year ended December 31
                 
(as a percentage of net sales)   2008
    2009
    2010
 
Total net sales
    100.0       100.0       100.0  
Cost of sales
    65.6       71.3       56.6  
Gross profit on sales
    34.4       28.7       43.4  
Research and development costs
    17.5       29.2       11.6  
Selling, general and administrative costs1
    7.1       9.7       4.1  
Income (loss) from operations1
    9.8       (10.2 )     27.7  
Interest income (expense), net1
    0.7       (0.5 )     (0.1 )
Income (loss) from operations before income taxes
    10.5       (10.7 )     27.6  
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes
    0.4       1.2       (4.9 )
Net income (loss)
    10.9       (9.5 )     22.7  
 
 
As of January 1, 2010 ASML adopted ASC 810 “Amendments to FIN 46(R)” which resulted in the consolidation of the VIE that owns ASML’s headquarters in Veldhoven, the Netherlands. The comparative figures for 2008 and 2009 have been adjusted to reflect this change in accounting policy. See Note 1 and Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements.
 
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Results of operations 2010 compared with 2009
 
Net sales and gross profit
The following table shows a summary of net sales (revenue and units sold), gross profit on sales and ASP data on an annual and semi-annual basis for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2010.
 
                                                 

 
   
          2009
                2010
       
    First
    Second
    Full
    First
    Second
    Full
 
    half year     half year     year     half year     half year     year  
Net sales (EUR million)
    460.2       1,135.9       1,596.1       1,810.5       2,697.4       4,507.9  
Net system sales (EUR million)
    284.4       890.5       1,174.9       1,554.6       2,340.1       3,894.7  
Net service and field option sales (EUR million)
    175.8       245.4       421.2       255.9       357.3       613.2  
Total sales of systems (in units)
    21       49       70       77       120       197  
Total sales of new systems (in units)
    11       36       47       58       96       154  
Total sales of used systems (in units)
    10       13       23       19       24       43  
Gross profit as a percentage of net sales
    10.2       36.2       28.7       41.9       44.4       43.4  
ASP of system sales (EUR million)
    13.5       18.2       16.8       20.2       19.5       19.8  
ASP of new system sales (EUR million)
    20.1       21.5       21.1       25.7       23.1       24.1  
ASP of used system sales (EUR million)
    6.3       9.1       7.9       3.4       5.2       4.4  
 
 
 
Net sales increased by EUR 2,911.8 million, or 182.4 percent to EUR 4,507.9 million in 2010 from EUR 1,596.1 million in 2009. The increase in net sales mainly resulted from an increase in net system sales of EUR 2,719.8 million, or 231.5 percent to EUR 3,894.7 million in 2010 from EUR 1,174.9 million in 2009. Net service and field option sales increased to EUR 613.2 million in 2010 from EUR 421.2 million in 2009. The number of systems sold increased by 181.4 percent to 197 systems in 2010 from 70 systems in 2009. This increase was caused by the recovery of the semiconductor equipment industry, which started in the second half of 2009 and continued in 2010, as customers invested in KrF systems for basic capacity growth and new leading-edge immersion technology in order to enable new technology ramp-ups. In contrast, the first half of 2009, was characterized by the collapse of the semiconductor equipment demand as a result of the financial and economic crisis.
 
 
The ASP of our systems increased by 17.9 percent to EUR 19.8 million in 2010 from EUR 16.8 million in 2009 (2008: EUR 16.7 million) resulting from a shift to more leading-edge systems. The ASP of our new systems increased by 14.2 percent to EUR 24.1 million in 2010 from EUR 21.1 million in 2009 (2008: EUR 20.4 million) which was mainly driven by increased sales of our leading-edge technology products (such as XT:1950i and NXT:1950i systems) compared with 2009.
 
 
From time to time, ASML repurchases systems that it has manufactured and sold and, following factory-rebuild or refurbishment, resells those systems to other customers. This repurchase decision is mainly driven by market demand for capacity expressed by other customers and not by explicit or implicit contractual arrangements relating to the initial sale. The number of used systems sold in 2010 increased to 43 from 23 in 2009. The ASP of our used systems decreased by 44.3 percent to EUR 4.4 million in 2010 from EUR 7.9 million in 2009 which was the result of a shift in the mix of used systems sold toward more low-end system types.
 
 
Through 2010, all of the top 10 chipmakers worldwide, in terms of semiconductor capital expenditure, were our customers. In 2010, sales to our largest customer accounted for EUR 1,270.8 million, or 28.2 percent of our net sales. In 2009, sales to our largest customer accounted for EUR 348.8 million, or 21.9 percent of our net sales.
 
 
Gross profit increased to 1,955.2 million or 43.4 percent of net sales in 2010 from EUR 458.4 million or 28.7 percent of net sales in 2009 (2008: EUR 1,015.5 gross profit or 34.4 percent of net sales). The higher gross profit was mainly attributable to the significant increase in net sales resulting from the recovery of the semiconductor equipment industry, which started in the second half of 2009 and continued in 2010 as customers invested in KrF systems for basic capacity growth and in new leading-edge immersion technology, in order to enable new technology ramp-ups. The increase in gross profit was partly offset by increased manufacturing costs as a result of longer lead-times in the first half of 2010. Our manufacturing facilities were fully utilized. In contrast, the first half of 2009, was characterized by the collapse of the semiconductor equipment demand as a result of the financial and economic crisis. Although the recovery of the semiconductor equipment industry started in the second half of 2009, the full year 2009 gross margin was negatively impacted by very low net sales and underutilization of capacity in the first half of 2009.
 
 
We started 2010 with a systems backlog of 69 systems. In 2010, we booked orders for 285 systems, received order cancellations or push-outs beyond 12 months for 0 systems and recognized sales for 197 systems. This resulted in a systems backlog of 157
 
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as of December 31, 2010. The total value of our systems backlog as of December 31, 2010 amounted to EUR 3,855.7 million with an ASP of EUR 24.6 million, compared with a systems backlog of EUR 2,113.7 million with an ASP of EUR 30.6 million as of December 31, 2009.
 
 
The significant increase in our systems backlog reflects our customers’ NAND Flash memory investments for the high volume ramp-up of new technologies and Foundry/Logic commitments for new strategic fab projects, offset by weakening DRAM lithography demand (albeit at a rate less than originally anticipated). The increase will support both technology shrink as well as an increase in manufacturing capacity. The systems backlog as of December 31, 2010, includes a broad mix of systems for all chip layers.
 
 
Research and development costs
R&D costs (net of credits) increased by EUR 56.7 million, or 12.1 percent to EUR 523.4 million in 2010, or 11.6 percent of net sales, from EUR 466.8 million in 2009, or 29.2 percent of net sales. This increase reflects the acceleration of strategic investment in technology leadership in 2010 through investments in the development and enhancement of the next-generation TWINSCAN systems based on immersion, double patterning and EUV.
 
 
Selling, general and administrative costs
SG&A costs increased by EUR 26.3 million, or 17.0 percent as a result of both a higher sales level and costs to implement and support IT solutions and costs for improvement programs (mainly employee development costs).
 
 
Interest income (expense), net
Net interest expense in 2010 was largely unchanged compared with 2009 (2010: EUR 8.2 million; 2009: EUR 8.4 million). Interest income relates to interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents and was more than offset by net interest expense on our outstanding debt in both 2010 and 2009.
 
 
Income taxes
The effective tax rate was 17.8 percent of income from operations before income taxes in 2010, compared with 12.0 percent of loss from operations before income taxes in 2009. In 2009, ASML recognized tax expense of EUR 36.3 million or 21.2 percent of loss from operations before income taxes attributable to the reversal of the 2007 Royalty Box benefit which had an unfavorable impact on the effective tax rate for 2009 (EUR 43.5 million including interest or 25.4 percent). In 2009, based on a tax law change effective January 1, 2010, ASML decided to reverse the Royalty Box benefits of 2007, as management at that time expected that a clean start of the Innovation Box (which under Dutch law replaced the Royalty Box as of January 1, 2010) in 2010 would result in a higher cumulative benefit for ASML.
 
 
In December 2010, ASML reached agreement with the Dutch fiscal authorities regarding the application of the “Innovation Box”, a facility under Dutch corporate tax law pursuant to which income associated with R&D is partially exempted from taxation. This tax ruling has retroactive effect to January 1, 2007 and is valid through December 31, 2016. Thereafter the validity of this ruling may be extended or this ruling may be adapted depending on a possible change of circumstances. While the Company’s domestic nominal rate was 25.5 percent in 2010, for the ASML entities in the Dutch fiscal group, the tax rate is effectively reduced as a result of the Innovation Box effect for current and prior years. As a result certain Dutch deferred tax assets, Dutch deferred tax liabilities and other taxes will be realized in future years against the reduced effective tax rate resulting from the Innovation Box, the effect amounts to EUR 26.8 million (loss) or 2.2 percent of income from operations before income taxes.
 
 
In 2010, ASML recognized tax benefit of EUR 25.6 million or 2.1 percent of income from operations before income taxes mainly attributable to the application of the Innovation Box for prior years, which had a favorable effect on the effective tax rate for 2010 (EUR 37.5 million including interest or 3.0 percent). The Innovation Box effect for the current year amounts to EUR 93.5 million (gain) or 7.5 percent of income from operations before income taxes.
 
 
At the end of 2010, the Dutch government enacted a tax rate reduction from 25.5 percent in 2010 to 25.0 percent in 2011. As a result, the value of certain Dutch deferred tax assets and liabilities was reduced by EUR 0.4 million (loss).
 
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Results of operations 2009 compared with 2008
 
Net sales and gross profit
The following table shows a summary of sales (revenue and units sold), gross profit on sales and ASP data on an annual and semi-annual basis for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2009.
 
                                                 

 
   
          2008
                2009
       
    First
    Second
    Full
    First
    Second
    Full
 
    half year     half year     year     half year     half year     year  
Net sales (EUR million)
    1,763.4       1,190.3       2,953.7       460.2       1,135.9       1,596.1  
Net system sales (EUR million)
    1,545.6       971.2       2,516.8       284.4       890.5       1,174.9  
Net service and field option sales (EUR million)
    217.8       219.1       436.9       175.8       245.4       421.2  
Total sales of systems (in units)
    89       62       151       21       49       70  
Total sales of new systems (in units)
    74       41       115       11       36       47  
Total sales of used systems (in units)
    15       21       36       10       13       23  
Gross profit as a percentage of net sales
    40.3       25.6       34.4       10.2       36.2       28.7  
ASP of system sales (EUR million)
    17.4       15.7       16.7       13.5       18.2       16.8  
ASP of new system sales (EUR million)
    20.0       21.2       20.4       20.1       21.5       21.1  
ASP of used system sales (EUR million)
    4.6       4.9       4.8       6.3       9.1       7.9  
 
 
 
Net sales decreased by EUR 1,357.6 million or 46.0 percent to EUR 1,596.1 million in 2009 from EUR 2,953.7 million in 2008. The decrease in net sales mainly relates to a decrease in net system sales of EUR 1,341.9 million or 53.3 percent to EUR 1,174.9 million in 2009 from EUR 2,516.8 million in 2008 mainly attributable to a lower number of systems sold. Net service and field option sales decreased to EUR 421.2 million in 2009 from EUR 436.9 million in 2008.
 
 
The number of systems sold decreased by 53.6 percent to 70 systems in 2009 from 151 systems in 2008. The year 2009 was characterized by the financial and economic crisis which has led to lower overall semiconductor end-demand. Against this background, in the first half of 2009, our customers implemented inventory corrections, production capacity adjustments and experienced a lack of capital. In the second half of 2009, non-leading-edge production capacity additions were still delayed. However, demand increased compared with the first half of 2009 as our customers invested in leading-edge immersion technology, with DRAM customers introducing new memory devices and Foundry customers beginning to ramp-up 40 nm products.
 
 
The ASP of our systems increased by 0.6 percent to EUR 16.8 million in 2009 from EUR 16.7 million in 2008. This slight increase was mainly driven by an increased ASP of our leading-edge technology systems sold due to shipment of our new TWINSCAN NXT systems, partly offset by the increased number of used systems sold compared with total number of systems sold (2009: 32.9 percent; 2008: 23.8 percent) reflecting our customers’ response to the financial and economic crisis.
 
 
From time to time, ASML repurchases systems that it has manufactured and sold and, following factory-rebuild or refurbishment, resells those systems to other customers. This repurchase decision is mainly driven by market demand for capacity expressed by other customers and not by explicit or implicit contractual arrangements relating to the initial sale. The number of used systems sold in 2009 decreased to 23 from 36 in 2008. The ASP for used systems increased to EUR 7.9 million in 2009 from EUR 4.8 million in 2008, reflecting a further shift from our older PAS family to our newer TWINSCAN family.
 
 
Through 2009, 18 of the top 20 chipmakers worldwide, in terms of semiconductor capital expenditure, were our customers. In 2009, sales to our largest customer accounted for EUR 348.8 million, or 21.9 percent of our net sales. In 2008, sales to our largest customer accounted for EUR 754.4 million, or 25.5 percent of our net sales.
 
 
Gross profit decreased to EUR 458.4 million or 28.7 percent of net sales in 2009 from EUR 1,015.5 million or 34.4 percent of net sales in 2008. The lower gross profit was mainly attributable to a significant decrease in net sales as a result of the collapse of demand for semiconductor equipment caused by the financial and economic crisis. 2009 Gross margin was favorably impacted by the absence of restructuring and impairment charges that were included in 2008 gross margin and the profit on the sale of inventories that had been previously written down. However, this was more than offset by the increased portion of used systems sold, with a lower margin, as a percentage of total systems sold in 2009 compared with 2008 and underutilization of our production facilities, mainly in the first half of 2009.
 
 
We started 2009 with a systems backlog of 41 systems. In 2009, we booked orders for 108 systems, received order cancellations or push-outs beyond 12 months for 10 systems and recognized sales for 70 systems. This resulted in a systems backlog of 69
 
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systems as of December 31, 2009. The total value of our systems backlog as of December 31, 2009 amounted to EUR 2,113.7 million with an ASP of EUR 30.6 million, compared with a systems backlog of EUR 857.3 million with an ASP of EUR 20.9 million as of December 31, 2008.
 
 
The significantly increased value and number of systems backlog reflects the accelerated technology investments by our customers in the DRAM memory segments and technology and capacity investments by our customers in the Foundry segments after a period of very low capital investment. The increase in ASP of our systems in the systems backlog mainly results from a relatively low proportion of used systems compared with December 31, 2008 and a high number of new immersion systems included.
 
 
Research and development costs
R&D costs decreased by EUR 49.4 million or 9.6 percent to EUR 466.8 million in 2009, or 29.2 percent of net sales, from EUR 516.1 million in 2008, or 17.5 percent of net sales. This decrease reflects the operational savings in R&D, and is limited because we continued strategic investment in technology leadership in 2009 through investments in the development and enhancement of the next-generation TWINSCAN systems based on immersion, double patterning and EUV.
 
 
Selling, general and administrative costs
SG&A costs decreased by EUR 55.4 million or 26.4 percent to EUR 154.8 million in 2009, or 9.7 percent of net sales, from EUR 210.2 million in 2008, or 7.1 percent of net sales, as a result of our cost savings program.
 
 
Interest income (expense), net
Net interest decreased to EUR 8.4 million expense in 2009 from EUR 20.4 million income in 2008. Our interest income relates to interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents. In 2009 interest income decreased as a result of a lower average cash balance and significant lower interest rates. Interest income was more than offset by net interest expense on our outstanding debt. While operating cash flows remained positive, the average cash balance decreased mainly as a result of the dividend paid in 2009 and cash used for capital expenditures.
 
 
Income taxes
The effective tax rate was 12.0 percent of loss from operations before income taxes in 2009, compared with -4.1 percent of income from operations before income taxes in 2008.
 
 
In 2008, ASML recognized income tax benefit of EUR 80.4 million or 26.0 percent of income from operations before income taxes mainly attributable to three main items on which the Company reached agreement with the Dutch tax authorities (EUR 69.8 million including interest or 22.5 percent). These items were the treatment of taxable income related to ASML’s patent portfolio (application of the “Royalty Box”) in 2007, the valuation of intellectual property rights acquired in the past against historical exchange rates, and the treatment of taxable income related to a temporarily depreciated investment in ASML’s United States subsidiary, all of which had a favorable impact on the effective tax rate for 2008. In 2009, ASML recognized tax expense of EUR 43.5 million or 25.4 percent of loss from operations before income taxes attributable to the reversal of the 2007 Royalty Box benefit, which had an unfavorable impact on the effective tax rate for 2009. In 2009, based on a tax law change effective January 1, 2010, ASML decided to reverse the Royalty Box benefits of 2007 as management expects that a clean start of the Innovation Box (which under Dutch law replaces the Royalty Box as of January 1, 2010) in 2010 and beyond will result in a higher cumulative benefit for ASML.
 
 
Foreign Exchange Management
See Item 3.D. “Risk Factors, Fluctuations in Foreign Exchange Rates Could Harm Our Results of Operations”, Item 11 “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” and Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements.
 
 
New U.S. GAAP Accounting Pronouncements
In 2010, ASML adopted Variable Interest Entities Subsections of ASC 810 “Consolidation” (previously Statement 167, “Amendments to FASB Interpretation No. 46(R)). The Variable Interest Entities Subsections (ASC 810-10) clarify the application of the general Subsections to certain legal entities in which equity investors do not have sufficient equity at risk for the legal entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or, as a group, the holders of the equity investment at risk lack any one of the following three characteristics:
 
 
a. The power, through voting rights or similar rights, to direct the activities of a legal entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance
 
 
b. The obligation to absorb the expected losses of the legal entity; and
 
 
c. The right to receive the expected residual returns of the legal entity.
 
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Paragraph 810-10-10-1 states that consolidated financial statements are usually necessary for a fair presentation if one of the entities in the consolidated group directly or indirectly has a controlling financial interest in the other entities. Paragraph 810-10-15-8 states that the usual condition for a controlling financial interest is ownership of a majority voting interest. However, application of the majority voting interest requirement in the General Subsections of this Subtopic to certain types of entities may not identify the party with a controlling financial interest because the controlling financial interest may be achieved through arrangements that do not involve voting interests. The reporting entity with a variable interest or interests that provide the reporting entity with a controlling financial interest in a variable interest entity (VIE) will have both of the following characteristics:
 
 
a. The power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and
 
 
b. The obligation to absorb losses of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.
 
 
The Variable Interest Entities Subsections explain how to identify VIEs and how to determine when a reporting entity should include the assets, liabilities, noncontrolling interests, and results of activities of a VIE in its consolidated financial statements. As a result of the adoption of ASC 810, the Company consolidates its Variable Interest Entity that owns ASML’s headquarters in the Netherlands as of January 1, 2010, because ASML is considered to have a controlling interest in the VIE as a result of the criteria above. The comparative figures have been adjusted in order to reflect this new ASC. The impact on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2009, and December 31, 2010, is as follows:
 
                 

 
   
As of December 31
  2009
    2010
 
(in millions)   EUR     EUR  
Property, plant and equipment
    36.7       35.2  
Long-term debt
    36.7       35.2  
 
 
 
The adoption of ASC 810 did not have any impact on the Company’s net income, earnings per ordinary share and retained earnings; however an immaterial amount was reclassified from SG&A to interest expense. See Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements for more information.
 
 
In January 2010, the EITF reached final consensus on ASU 2010-06, “Improving Disclosures about Fair Value Measurements”. This ASU amends ASC 820 to add new requirements for disclosures about transfers into and out of Levels 1 and 2 and separate disclosures about purchases, sales issuances and settlements relating to Level 3 measurements. The ASU also clarifies existing fair value disclosures about the level of disaggregation and about inputs and valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2009. Level 3 related amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2010. The adoption of the ASU did not have any impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements but resulted in some additional disclosures, see Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the Level 3 related amendments.
 
 
In 2010, ASML adopted ASU 2010-20, “Disclosures about the Credit Quality of Financing Receivables and the Allowance for Credit Losses”. This ASU is intended to provide additional information to assist financial statement users in assessing an entity’s credit risk exposures and evaluating the adequacy of its allowance for credit losses. The objective of the amendments is for an entity to provide disclosures that facilitate financial statement users’ evaluation of the following: the nature of credit risk inherent in the entity’s portfolio of financing receivables, how that risk is analyzed and assessed in arriving at the allowance for credit losses and the changes and reasons for those changes in the allowance for credit losses. The adoption of the ASU did not have any impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements but resulted in some additional disclosures, see Note 6 to our consolidated financial statements.
 
 
In April 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820-10-65-4, “Determining Fair Value When the Volume and Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have Significantly Decreased and Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly”. This ASC provides guidelines for making fair value measurements more consistent with the principles presented in ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements”. The ASC relates to determining fair values when there is no active market or where the price inputs being used represent distressed sales. It reaffirms the objective of fair value measurement — to reflect how much an asset would be sold for in an orderly transaction (as opposed to a distressed or forced transaction) at the date of the financial statements under current market conditions. Specifically, it reaffirms the need to use judgment to ascertain if a formerly active market has become inactive and in determining fair values when markets have become inactive. The ASC is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after June 15, 2009 and should be applied prospectively. The adoption of the ASC did not have any impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
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In 2010, ASML adopted ASU 2010-09, “Amendments to Certain Recognition and Disclosure Requirements”. This ASU amends ASC 855 to address certain implementation issues related to an entity’s requirement to perform and disclose subsequent event procedures. The adoption of this ASU did not have any impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
 
In September 2009, the Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) reached final consensus on Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2009-13, “Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables”. ASU 2009-13 amends the current guidance on arrangements with multiple deliverables (ASC 605-25) to (1) eliminate the separation criterion that requires entities to establish objective and reliable evidence of fair value for undelivered elements, (2) establish a selling price hierarchy to help entities allocate arrangement consideration to the separate units of account (i.e. separate elements of the sales agreement), (3) require the relative selling price allocation method for all arrangements (i.e., eliminate the residual method), and (4) significantly expand required disclosures. The final consensus is effective for financial years beginning after June 15, 2010. The Company anticipates that the adoption of this ASU will not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
 
In September 2009, the EITF reached final consensus on ASU 2009-14, “Certain Revenue Arrangements That Include Software Elements”. ASU 2009-14 amends the scoping guidance for software arrangements (ASC 985-605) to exclude tangible products that contain software elements and non-software elements that function together to interdependently deliver the product’s essential functionality. ASU 2009-14 also provides considerations and examples for entities applying this guidance.
 
 
This issue will be effective prospectively for new or materially modified agreements entered into in financial years beginning on or after June 15, 2010. The Company anticipates that the adoption of this ASU will not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
 
B. Liquidity and Capital Resources
ASML generated cash from operating activities of EUR 940.0 million, EUR 99.2 million and EUR 283.0 million in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Cash provided by operating activities in 2010 mainly relates to increased sales levels as a result of the recovery of the semiconductor equipment industry. The primary components of cash provided by operating activities in 2010 were cash inflows reflecting the net income of EUR 1,021.8 million and non-cash items such as depreciation (EUR 151.4 million), inventory obsolescence (EUR 55.7 million), deferred income taxes (EUR 28.1 million) and cash outflows as a result of changes in assets and liabilities (EUR 339.3 million). The changes in assets and liabilities resulting from the increased production volume, mainly relate to higher accounts receivables (EUR 748.9 million) and higher inventories (EUR 706.2 million), partly offset by higher other liabilities (EUR 862.9 million) and higher accounts payable (EUR 350.2 million).
 
 
ASML used EUR 124.9 million for investing activities in 2010 and EUR 98.1 million in 2009 (2008: EUR 259.8 million). The 2010 investing activities are mainly related to machinery and equipment and the start of the second part of the EUV and NXT production facilities in Veldhoven, the Netherlands. The majority of the 2009 and 2008 expenditures were attributable to the finalization of the first part of the construction of the new production facilities in Veldhoven, the Netherlands. The 2008 expenditures also included the finalization of the construction of ACE.
 
 
Net cash provided by financing activities was EUR 92.7 million in 2010 compared with net cash used in financing activities of EUR 74.9 million in 2009 (2008: EUR 186.5 million). In 2010 net cash provided by financing activities included EUR 150.0 million cash inflow from deposits from customers and 31.0 million cash inflow from the issuance of shares in connection with the exercise and purchase of employee stock options, partly offset by EUR 87.0 million cash outflow for our dividend payment. In 2009 net cash used in financing activities included EUR 86.5 million as a result of the dividend payment and EUR 11.1 million cash inflow from the issuance of shares in connection with the exercise and purchase of employee stock options. In 2008, cash used in financing activities mainly included EUR 107.8 million for our dividend payment, EUR 87.6 million for share buyback programs and EUR 11.5 million cash inflow from the issuance of shares in connection with the exercise and purchase of employee stock options.
 
 
ASML’s principal sources of liquidity consist of EUR 1,949.8 million of cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2010, EUR 700.0 million of available credit facilities as of December 31, 2010 and expected future cash flows from operations.
 
 
The Company’s available credit facilities amount to EUR 700.0 million as of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009 and consist of two facilities: a EUR 500.0 million credit facility and a EUR 200.0 million loan facility. In May 2010, the Company, in line with its financing policy, cancelled its EUR 500.0 million credit facility that was due to expire in May 2012 and replaced it with a new EUR 500.0 million credit facility from the same group of banks. The new credit facility has a term of five years and contains the same restrictive covenant as the credit facility it replaced. This covenant requires the Company to maintain a minimum committed capital to net total assets ratio of 40 percent calculated in accordance with contractually agreed definitions. As of December 31, 2010, and December 31, 2009, this ratio was 78.0 percent and 85.7 percent, respectively. Therefore, the Company was in compliance with the covenant at the end of 2010 and 2009. Outstanding amounts under this credit facility will bear interest
 
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at EURIBOR or LIBOR plus a margin that depends on the Company’s liquidity position. No amounts were outstanding under this credit facility at the end of 2010 and 2009.
 
 
The EUR 200.0 million loan facility is related to the Company’s EUV investment efforts and was entered into during the first half of 2009. In June 2010, the Company and the European Investment Bank agreed to extend the availability period of the EUR 200.0 million loan facility by six months, allowing the Company to draw the facility up to March 31, 2011. When drawn, the loan is repayable in annual installments starting four years after drawdown, with a final repayment seven years after drawdown. This facility contains a covenant that restricts indebtedness, as contractually defined, to a maximum amount of EUR 2,300.0 million. As of December 31, 2010, and December 31, 2009, this indebtedness amounted to EUR 1,319.2 million and EUR 1,319.0 million, respectively. Therefore, the Company was in compliance with this covenant at the end of 2010 and 2009. Outstanding amounts under this loan facility will bear interest at EURIBOR or LIBOR plus a margin. No amounts were outstanding under this loan facility during 2010 and 2009.
 
 
The Company currently does not expect any difficulty in continuing to meet its covenant requirements.
 
 
In addition to cash and available credit facilities, from time to time we may raise additional capital in debt and equity markets. Our liquidity needs are affected by many factors, some of which are based on the normal ongoing operations of the business, and others that relate to the uncertainties of the global economy and the semiconductor industry. Although our cash requirements fluctuate based on the timing and extent of these factors, we believe that cash generated from operations, together with the liquidity provided by existing cash balances, are sufficient to satisfy our requirements in the foreseeable future.
 
 
We expect that our capital expenditures (purchases of property, plant and equipment) in 2011 will be approximately EUR 350.0 million, exceeding 2010 capital expenditures of EUR 128.7 million. Capital expenditures in 2011 will mainly consist of investments in capacity expansion of EUV and NXT production facilities as a result of customer commitments. We expect to finance 2011 capital expenditures out of our cash flow from operations and available cash and cash equivalents.
 
 
As part of our financing policy we seek to maintain a strategic level of cash and cash equivalents of between EUR 1.0 and 1.5 billion. In addition to dividend payments, to the extent the level of cash and cash equivalents exceeds this target level and there are no investment opportunities that we wish to pursue, we intend to return cash to our shareholders through share buybacks or repayment of capital. As announced on January 19, 2011, ASML intends to repurchase up to EUR 1.0 billion of its own shares within the next two years and to increase dividend pay-out in respect of 2010 to EUR 0.40 per ordinary share of EUR 0.09 (subject to approval of the 2011 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders).
 
 
We have repayment obligations in 2017, amounting to EUR 600.0 million, on our 5.75 percent senior notes due 2017. We currently intend to fund any future repayment obligations primarily with cash on hand and cash generated through operations. A description of our senior notes and lines of credit is provided in Note 14 to our consolidated financial statements.
 
 
See Notes 3 and 14 to our consolidated financial statements for discussion of our sources of liquidity and our long-term debt.
 
 
C. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.
 
 
Research and Development
See Item 4.B. “Business Overview, Research and Development” and Item 5.A. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects, Operating Results”.
 
 
Intellectual Property Matters
See Item 3.D. “Risk Factors, Defending Against Intellectual Property Claims by Others Could Harm Our Business and Failure to Adequately Protect the Intellectual Property Rights Upon Which We depend Could Harm Our Business” and Item 4.B. “Business Overview, Intellectual Property”.
 
 
D. Trend Information
The year 2010 was characterized by the recovery of the semiconductor equipment industry and resulting higher overall end-demand for a broad mix of systems for all chip layers. In order to meet the increased demand for our advanced technology products as well as for our capacity tools, we almost tripled the output of our factory in 2010 compared with 2009. In the course of 2010, ASML expanded its fixed and flexible workforce and structurally improved cycle times in the second half of 2010.
 
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The following table sets forth our systems backlog as of December 31, 2009 and 2010.
 
                 

 
   
Year ended December 31   20091     20101  
New systems backlog (in units)
    62       135  
Used systems backlog (in units)
    7       22  
Total systems backlog (in units)
    69       157  
Value of new systems backlog (EUR million)
    2,043.6       3,744.3  
Value of used systems backlog (EUR million)
    70.1       111.4  
Total value of systems backlog (EUR million)
    2,113.7       3,855.7  
ASP of new systems backlog (EUR million)
    33.0       27.7  
ASP of used systems backlog (EUR million)
    10.0       5.1  
ASP of total systems backlog (EUR million)
    30.6       24.6  
 
 
In the past, ASML valued net bookings and systems backlog at net system sales value, which does not reflect the full order value because it excludes the value of options and services related to the systems. As of 2010, in order to more adequately reflect the business circumstances, ASML values net bookings and systems backlog at full order value (i.e. including options and services). The comparative figures for 2009 have been adjusted in order to reflect this change.
 
 
Our systems backlog includes only orders for which written authorizations have been accepted and system shipment and revenue recognition dates within 12 months have been assigned. Historically, orders have been subject to cancellation or delay by the customer. Due to possible customer changes in delivery schedules and to cancellation of orders, our systems backlog at any particular date is not necessarily indicative of actual sales for any succeeding period.
 
 
The significant increase in our systems backlog reflects our customers’ NAND Flash memory investments for the high volume ramp-up of new technologies and Foundry/Logic commitments for new strategic fab projects, offset by weakening DRAM lithography demand (albeit at a rate less than originally anticipated). The increase will support both technology shrink as well as an increase in manufacturing capacity. Of our backlog, 67 units are for new immersion systems, including 52 advanced NXT:1950i scanners.
 
 
The demand for the TWINSCAN NXT immersion tools remains extremely strong and we are challenged to produce enough systems in time to satisfy our customers’ needs. We continue our focus on cycle time reductions and introduction of more parallel work flows in order to meet the growing demand as indicated by our current backlog. Overall, macro-economic drivers have mixed since the end of the summer, but the semiconductor market, in which our customers operate, is sustained by a very rich leading edge technology mix, which justifies the large backlog for our products: NAND Flash memory, DRAM memory, micro-processors and overall Logic manufacturers are all ramping up their new nodes at the same time, in parallel to some strategic or catch-up investments in lithography.
 
 
ASML expects first quarter 2011 net sales of approximately EUR 1.4 billion, and gross margin between 44 and 45 percent. R&D expenditures for the first quarter of 2011 are expected to be approximately EUR 145.0 million and SG&A costs are expected to be approximately EUR 55.0 million.
 
 
As a result of our continued investments in R&D, we now see a growing demand for second-generation EUV system deliveries and third generation EUV system development, for which we had received nine orders as of December 31, 2010.
 
 
The trends discussed in this Item 5.D. “Trend information” are subject to risks and uncertainties. See “Part I — Special Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements”.
 
 
E. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have various contractual obligations, some of which are required to be recorded as liabilities in our consolidated financial statements, including long- and short-term debt. Other contractual arrangements, namely operating lease commitments and purchase obligations, are not generally required to be recognized as liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets but are required to be disclosed.
 
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F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations
Our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2010 can be summarized as follows:
 
                                         

 
   
          Less than
                After
 
Payments due by period
  Total
    1 year
    1-3 years
    3-5 years
    5 years
 
(In thousands)   EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR  
Long Term Debt Obligations, including interest expense1
    951,560       35,929       71,859       71,859       771,913  
Deposits from customers
    150,000       150,000                    
Operating Lease Obligations
    106,671       30,088       40,188       22,802       13,593  
Purchase Obligations
    2,098,432       2,003,321       94,942       169        
Unrecognized Tax Benefits
    162,066       29,956       30,853       40,062       61,195  
 
Contractual Obligations
    3,468,729       2,249,294       237,842       134,892       846,701  
 
 
See Note 14 to our consolidated financial statements for the amounts excluding interest expense.
 
 
Long-term debt obligations mainly relates to interest payments and principal amount of the Eurobond. See Note 14 to our consolidated financial statements.
 
 
Operating lease obligations include leases of equipment and facilities. Lease payments recognized as an expense were EUR 37.9 million, EUR 37.1 million and EUR 41.0 million as of December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
 
 
Several operating leases for our buildings contain purchase options, exercisable at the end of the lease, and in some cases, during the term of the lease. The amounts to be paid if ASML should exercise these purchase options at the end of the lease as of December 31, 2010, can be summarized as follows:
 
                                         

 
   
Purchase options
        Less than
                After
 
due by period
  Total
    1 year
    1-3 years
    3-5 years
    5 years
 
(In thousands)   EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR  
Purchase options
    31,232             8,250       8,999       13,983  
 
 
 
Purchase obligations include purchase commitments with vendors in the ordinary course of business. ASML expects that it will honor these purchase obligations to fulfill future sales, in line with the timing of those future sales. If not, the general terms and conditions of the agreements relating to the major part of the Company’s purchase commitments as of December 31, 2010 contain clauses that enable ASML to delay or cancel delivery of ordered goods and services up to the dates specified in the corresponding purchase contracts. These terms and conditions that ASML has agreed with its supply chain partners give ASML additional flexibility to adapt its purchase obligations to its requirements in light of the inherent cyclicality of the industry in which the Company operates. The Company establishes a provision for cancellation fees when it is probable that the liability has been incurred and the amount of cancellation fees is reasonably estimable.
 
 
Unrecognized tax benefits relate to a liability for uncertain tax positions. See Note 18 to our consolidated financial statements.
 
 
G. Safe Harbor
See Part I “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements”.
 
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Item 6 Directors, Senior Management and Employees
 
 
A. Directors and Senior Management
The members of our Supervisory Board and our Board of Management are as follows:
 
                     

 
   
Name   Title   Year of Birth     Term Expires  
Arthur P.M. van der Poel1,2,3
  Chairman of the Supervisory Board     1948       2012  
Jos W.B. Westerburgen2,4
  Member of the Supervisory Board     1942       2011  
Fritz W. Fröhlich1
  Member of the Supervisory Board     1942       2012  
Hendrika (Ieke) C.J. van den Burg4
  Member of the Supervisory Board     1952       2013  
OB Bilous2,3
  Member of the Supervisory Board     1938       2012  
William T. Siegle3
  Member of the Supervisory Board     1939       2011  
Pauline F.M. van der Meer Mohr4
  Member of the Supervisory Board     1960       2013  
Wolfgang H. Ziebart1,3
  Member of the Supervisory Board     1950       2013  
Eric Meurice
  President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Management     1956       2012  
Peter T.F.M. Wennink
  Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Member of the Board of Management     1957       N/A 5  
Martin A. van den Brink
  Executive Vice President, Chief Product and Technology Officer and Member of the Board of Management     1957       N/A 5  
Frits J. van Hout
  Executive Vice President, Chief Marketing Officer and Member of the Board of Management     1960       2013  
Frederic Schneider-Maunoury
  Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer and Member of the Board of Management     1961       2014  
 
 
Member of the Audit Committee.
Member of the Selection and Nomination Committee.
Member of the Technology and Strategy Committee.
Member of the Remuneration Committee.
There are no specified terms for members of the Board of Management appointed prior to March 2004.
 
 
No supervisory board members retired by rotation in 2010 and no new supervisory board members were appointed in 2010.
 
 
There are no family relationships among the members of our Supervisory Board and Board of Management.
 
 
Since 2005, the Works Council of ASML Netherlands B.V. has an enhanced right to make recommendations (which recommendation may be rejected by the Supervisory Board in limited circumstances) for nomination of one-third of the members of the Supervisory Board. See Item 6.C. “Board Practices, Supervisory Board”. At the 2005 General Meeting of Shareholders, Ms. Van den Burg was appointed pursuant to this recommendation right and at the 2009 General Meeting of Shareholders she was reappointed in accordance with this recommendation right. At the 2009 General Meeting of Shareholders, Ms. Van der Meer Mohr was appointed pursuant to this recommendation right.
 
 
Director and Officer Biographies
 
Arthur P.M. van der Poel
Mr. Van der Poel was appointed to our Supervisory Board in March 2004 and was appointed as Chairman in 2007. Until 2001, he was the Chief Executive Officer of Philips Semiconductors. Mr. Van der Poel is a former member of the Board of Management (until April 2003) and a former member of the Group Management Committee of Royal Philips Electronics. Mr. Van der Poel is a member of the Board of Directors of Gemalto Holding N.V. and serves as a member of the Supervisory Boards of PSV N.V. and DHV Holding B.V.
 
 
Jos W.B. Westerburgen
Mr. Westerburgen was appointed to our Supervisory Board in March 2002. Mr. Westerburgen has extensive experience in the field of corporate law and tax. Mr. Westerburgen is former Company Secretary and Head of Tax of Unilever N.V. and Plc. Mr. Westerburgen was a member of the Supervisory Board of Unibail-Rodamco S.E. until April 2010, and currently serves as Vice-Chairman of the Board of the Association Aegon.
 
 
Fritz W. Fröhlich
Mr. Fröhlich was appointed to our Supervisory Board in March 2004. He is the former Deputy Chairman and Chief Financial Officer of Akzo Nobel N.V. Mr. Fröhlich is the Chairman of the Supervisory Boards of Randstad Holding N.V., Draka Holding N.V. (until April 2011 at the latest) and Altana A.G. (company de-listed during 2010) and serves as a member of the Supervisory Boards of Allianz Nederland N.V. and Rexel S.A.
 
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Hendrika (Ieke) C.J. van den Burg
Ms. van den Burg was appointed to our Supervisory Board in March 2005. Ms. van den Burg was a member of the European Parliament (“EP”) from 1999 until 2009. Currently she is a member of the Supervisory Board of APG Group N.V. and serves as a member of the Dutch Monitoring Committee Corporate Governance, chairperson of the Stichting Toetsing Verzekeraars (Monitoring Foundation Dutch Insurance Companies) and member of the Advisory Boards of College Bescherming Persoonsgegevens (Dutch Data Protection Authority) and Nationaal Register Commissarissen en Toezichthouders (Dutch National Register Supervisory Directors).
 
 
OB Bilous
Mr. Bilous was appointed to our Supervisory Board in March 2005. From 1960 until 2000 Mr. Bilous held various management positions at IBM, including General Manager and VP Worldwide Manufacturing of IBM’s Microelectronics Division. He also served on the Boards of SMST, ALTIS Semiconductor and Dominion Semiconductor. Mr. Bilous currently serves as Board member of Nantero, Inc.
 
 
William T. Siegle
Mr. Siegle was appointed to our Supervisory Board in March 2007. From 1964 until 1990 Mr. Siegle held various technical, management and executive positions at IBM, including Director of the Advanced Technology Center. From 1990 until 2005 Mr. Siegle served as SVP and Chief Scientist at AMD, responsible for the development of technology platforms and manufacturing operations worldwide. He was also chairman of the Board of Directors of SRC, member of the Board of Directors of Sematech and Director of Etec, Inc. and DuPont Photomask, Inc. Currently, Mr. Siegle is a member of the Advisory Board of Acorn Technologies, Inc.
 
 
Pauline P.M. van der Meer Mohr
Ms. van der Meer Mohr was appointed to our Supervisory Board in March 2009. As of January 1, 2010, Ms. van der Meer Mohr serves as President of the Executive Board of the Erasmus University Rotterdam. Ms. van der Meer Mohr is the founder of the Amstelbridge Group, a global network of human capital professionals, of which she was managing partner until December 31, 2009. Prior thereto, she was Senior Executive Vice President at ABN AMRO Bank, Head of Group Human Resources at TNT, and held several senior executive roles at the Royal/Dutch Shell Group of Companies in various areas. Ms. van der Meer Mohr is a member of the Supervisory Boards of Duisenberg School of Finance and Netherlands School for Public Governance.
 
 
Wolfgang H. Ziebart
Mr. Ziebart was appointed to our Supervisory Board in March 2009. From December 2009 until October 2010 he was Chief Executive Officer of the German specialty car manufacturer Artega Automobile GmbH&Co KG. Until May 2008, he was President and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) of Infineon Technologies AG Before Infineon, Mr. Ziebart was on the boards of management of car components manufacturer Continental AG and automobile producer BMW AG. Mr. Ziebart is a member of the Board of Autoliv, Inc. and a member of the Supervisory Board of Nordex AG.
 
 
Eric Meurice
Mr. Meurice joined ASML on October 1, 2004 as President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Management. Prior to joining ASML, and since March 2001, he was Executive Vice President of Thomson Television Worldwide. Between 1995 and 2001, Mr. Meurice served as Vice President for Dell Computer, where he ran the Western, Eastern Europe and Dell’s Emerging Markets business within EMEA. Before 1995, he gained extensive technology experience in the semiconductor industry at ITT Semiconductors Group and Intel Corporation, in the microcontroller group. Mr. Meurice is currently a member of the Board of Directors of Verigy Inc.
 
 
Peter T.F.M. Wennink
Mr. Wennink joined ASML on January 1, 1999 and was appointed as Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer of ASML and member of our Board of Management on July 1, 1999. Mr. Wennink has an extensive background in finance and accounting. Prior to his employment with ASML, Mr. Wennink worked as a partner at Deloitte Accountants, specializing in the high technology industry with an emphasis on the semiconductor equipment industry. Mr. Wennink is a member of the Dutch Institute of Registered Accountants. Mr. Wennink is currently a member of the Supervisory Board of Bank Insinger de Beaufort N.V.
 
 
Martin A. van den Brink
Mr. Van den Brink was appointed as member of our Board of Management in 1999 and currently is ASML’s Executive Vice President Products & Technology. Mr. Van den Brink joined ASML when the company was founded in early 1984. He held several positions in engineering and from 1995 he served as Vice President Technology.
 
 
Frits J. van Hout
Mr. Van Hout was appointed as Executive Vice President, Chief Marketing Officer and Member of our Board of Management in 2009. Mr. Van Hout was previously an ASML employee from its founding in 1984 to 1992, in various roles in engineering and
 
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sales. From 1998 to 2001, Mr. Van Hout served as Chief Executive Officer of the Beyeler Group, based in the Netherlands and Germany. After rejoining ASML in 2001, he served as Senior Vice President Customer Support and two Business Units. In 2008, Mr. Van Hout was appointed Executive Vice President Integral Efficiency.
 
 
Frederic Schneider-Maunoury
Mr. Schneider-Maunoury joined ASML on December 1, 2009 and was appointed as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer and was appointed to ASML’s Board of Management on March 24, 2010. Before joining ASML, Mr. Schneider-Maunoury served as Vice President Thermal Products Manufacturing of the power generation and rail transport equipment group Alstom. Previously, he ran the worldwide Hydro Business of Alstom as general manager. Before joining Alstom in 1996, Mr. Schneider-Maunoury held various positions at the French Ministry of Trade and Industry.
 
 
B. Compensation
For details on Board of Management and Supervisory Board remuneration as well as benefits upon termination, see Note 20 to our consolidated financial statements.
 
 
ASML has not established in the past and does not intend to establish in the future any stock (option) or purchase plans or other equity compensation arrangements for members of our Supervisory Board.
 
 
Bonus and Profit-sharing plans
For details of employee bonus and profit-sharing plans, see Note 16 to our consolidated financial statements.
 
 
Pension plans
For details of employee pension plans, see Note 16 to our consolidated financial statements.
 
 
C. Board Practices
 
 
General
We endorse the importance of good corporate governance, in which independent oversight, accountability and transparency are the most significant elements. Within the framework of corporate governance, it is important that a relationship of trust exists between the Board of Management, the Supervisory Board, our employees and our shareholders.
 
 
We pursue a policy of active communication with our shareholders. In addition to the exchange of ideas at the General Meeting of Shareholders, other important forms of communication include the publication of our annual and quarterly financial results as well as press releases and publications posted on our website.
 
 
Our corporate governance structure is intended to:
•  provide shareholders with regular, reliable, relevant and transparent information regarding our activities, structure, financial condition, performance and other information, including information on our social, ethical and environmental records and policies;
•  apply high quality standards for disclosure, accounting and auditing; and
•  apply stringent rules with regard to insider securities trading.
 
 
Two-tier board structure
ASML is incorporated under Dutch law and has a two-tier board structure. Responsibility for the management of ASML lies with the Board of Management. Independent, non-executive members serve on the Supervisory Board, which supervises and advises the members of the Board of Management in performing their management tasks. The Board of Management has the duty to keep the Supervisory Board informed, consult with the Supervisory Board on important matters and submit certain important decisions to the Supervisory Board for its approval. The Supervisory Board is responsible for supervising, monitoring and advising the Board of Management on: (i) the achievement of ASML’s objectives, (ii) the corporate strategy and management of risks inherent to ASML’s business activities, (iii) the structure and operation of internal risk management and control systems, (iv) the financial reporting process and (v) compliance with applicable legislation and regulations.
 
 
Supervisory Board members are prohibited from serving as officers or employees of ASML, and members of the Board of Management cannot serve on the Supervisory Board.
 
 
Board of Management
The Board of Management consists of at least two members or such larger number of members as determined by the Supervisory Board. Members of the Board of Management are appointed by the Supervisory Board. The Supervisory Board must notify the General Meeting of Shareholders of the intended appointment of a member of the Board of Management. As a result of our compliance with the Dutch Corporate Governance Code, members of the Board of Management that are initially appointed in
 
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2004 or later shall be appointed for a maximum period of four years, but may be re-appointed. Members of the Board of Management serve until the end of the term of their appointment, voluntary retirement, or suspension or dismissal by the Supervisory Board. In the case of dismissal, the Supervisory Board must first inform the General Meeting of Shareholders of the intended removal.
 
 
The Supervisory Board determines the remuneration of the individual members of the Board of Management, in line with the remuneration policy adopted by the General Meeting of Shareholders, upon a proposal of the Supervisory Board. ASML’s remuneration policy is posted on its website.
 
 
Supervisory Board
The Supervisory Board consists of at least three members or such larger number as determined by the Supervisory Board. The Supervisory Board prepares a profile in relation to its size and composition; ASML’s Supervisory Board profile is posted on ASML’s website.
 
 
Members of the Supervisory Board are appointed by the General Meeting of Shareholders from nominations of the Supervisory Board. Nominations must be reasoned and must be made available to the General Meeting of Shareholders and the Works Council simultaneously. Before the Supervisory Board presents its nominations, both the General Meeting of Shareholders and the Works Council may make recommendations (which the Supervisory Board may reject). In addition, the Works Council has an enhanced right to make recommendations for nomination of at least one-third of the members of the Supervisory Board, which recommendation may only be rejected by the Supervisory Board: (i) if the relevant person is unsuitable or (ii) if the Supervisory Board would not be duly composed if the recommended person were appointed as a Supervisory Board member. If no agreement can be reached between the Supervisory Board and the Works Council on these recommendations, the Supervisory Board may request the Enterprise Chamber of the Amsterdam Court to declare its objection legitimate. Any decision of the Enterprise Chamber on this matter is non-appealable.
 
 
Nominations of the Supervisory Board may be rejected by the General Meeting of Shareholders by an absolute majority of the votes representing at least one-third of the total outstanding capital. If the votes cast in favor of such resolution do not represent at least one-third of the total outstanding capital, a new meeting can be convened at which the nomination can be rejected by an absolute majority. If a nomination is rejected, the Supervisory Board must make a new nomination. If a nomination is not rejected and the General Meeting of Shareholders does not appoint the nominated person, the Supervisory Board will appoint the nominated person.
 
 
Members of the Supervisory Board serve for a maximum term of four years (or two years once they reached the age of seventy) from the date of their appointment, or a shorter period as set out in the rotation schedule as adopted by the Supervisory Board. They may be re-appointed, provided that their entire term of office does not exceed twelve years. The General Meeting of Shareholders may, with an absolute majority of the votes representing at least one-third of the total outstanding capital, dismiss the Supervisory Board in its entirety for lack of confidence. In such event, the Enterprise Chamber of the Amsterdam Court shall appoint one or more members of the Supervisory Board at the request of the Board of Management.
 
 
Upon the proposal of the Supervisory Board, the General Meeting of Shareholders determines the remuneration of the members of the Supervisory Board. A member of the Supervisory Board may not be granted any shares or option rights by way of remuneration.
 
 
Approval of Board of Management Decisions
The Board of Management requires prior approval of the General Meeting of Shareholders for resolutions concerning an important change in the identity or character of ASML or its business, including:
•  a transfer of all or substantially all of the business of ASML to a third party;
•  entering into or the termination of a long-term material joint venture between ASML and a third party; and
•  an acquisition or divestment by ASML of an interest in the capital of a company with a value of at least one-third of ASML’s assets (determined by reference to ASML’s most recently adopted annual accounts).
 
 
Rules of Procedure
The Board of Management and the Supervisory Board have adopted Rules of Procedure for each of the Board of Management, Supervisory Board and the four Committees of the Supervisory Board. These Rules of Procedure are posted on ASML’s website.
 
 
Directors and Officers Insurance and Indemnification
Members of the Board of Management and Supervisory Board, as well as certain senior management members, are insured under ASML’s Directors and Officers Insurance Policy. Although the insurance policy provides for a wide coverage, our directors and officers may incur uninsured liabilities. ASML has agreed to indemnify its Board of Management and Supervisory Board
 
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against any claims arising in connection with their position as director and officer of the Company, provided that such claim is not attributable to willful misconduct or intentional recklessness of such officer or director.
 
 
Corporate Governance Developments
ASML continuously monitors and assesses applicable corporate governance rules, including recommendations and initiatives regarding principles of corporate governance. These include rules that have been promulgated in the United States both by the NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (“NASDAQ”) and by the SEC pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
The Dutch Corporate Governance Code came into effect on January 1, 2004 and is amended as of January 1, 2009 (the “Code”). Dutch listed companies are required to either comply with the principles and the best practice provisions of the Code, or to explain on which points they deviate from these best practice provisions and why.
 
 
ASML will report on its compliance with the amended Code in its statutory annual report for the year ended December 31, 2010.
 
 
Committees of ASML’s Supervisory Board
While retaining overall responsibility, the Supervisory Board assigns certain of its tasks to its four committees: the Audit Committee, the Remuneration Committee, the Selection and Nomination Committee and the Technology and Strategy Committee. Members of these committees are appointed from among the Supervisory Board members.
 
 
The chairman of each committee reports to the Supervisory Board verbally and when deemed necessary in writing, the issues and items discussed in each meeting. In addition, the minutes of each committee are available to all members of the Supervisory Board.
 
 
Audit Committee
ASML’s Audit Committee is composed of three members of the Supervisory Board. The current members of our Audit Committee are Fritz Fröhlich (chairman), Arthur van der Poel and Wolfgang Ziebart, each of whom is an independent, non-executive member of our Supervisory Board. The Supervisory Board has determined that Fritz Fröhlich qualifies as the Audit Committee financial expert pursuant to Section 407 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules promulgated thereunder. Our external auditor, our Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Financial Officer, our Corporate Controller, our Chief Accountant, our Director Internal Audit, as well as other ASML employees invited by the chairman of the Audit Committee may also attend the meetings of the Audit Committee.
 
 
The Audit Committee assists the Supervisory Board in:
•  overseeing the integrity of our financial statements and related (non)financial disclosure;
•  overseeing the qualifications, independence and performance of the external auditor; and
•  overseeing the integrity of our systems of disclosure controls and procedures and the system of internal controls over financial reporting.
 
 
In 2010, the Audit Committee held four scheduled meetings in person and five conference calls.
 
 
Remuneration Committee
ASML’s Remuneration Committee is currently composed of three members of the Supervisory Board. The current members of our Remuneration Committee are Jos Westerburgen (chairman), Ieke van den Burg and Pauline van der Meer Mohr. The Remuneration Committee is responsible for the preparation and implementation of the remuneration policy for the Board of Management.
 
 
The Remuneration Committee prepares and the Supervisory Board establishes ASML’s general compensation philosophy for members of the Board of Management, and oversees the development and implementation of compensation programs for members of the Board of Management. The Remuneration Committee reviews and proposes to the Supervisory Board corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of members of the Board of Management. The Committee further evaluates the performance of members of the Board of Management in view of those goals and objectives, and makes recommendations to the Supervisory Board on the compensation levels of the members of the Board of Management based on this evaluation.
 
 
In proposing to the Supervisory Board the actual remuneration elements and levels applicable to the members of the Board of Management, the Remuneration Committee considers, among other factors, the remuneration policy, the desired levels of and emphasis on particular aspects of ASML’s short and long-term performance, as well as current compensation and benefits structures and levels benchmarked against relevant peers. External compensation survey data and, where necessary, external consultants are used to benchmark ASML’s remuneration levels and structures.
 
 
In 2010, the Remuneration Committee held six scheduled meetings, and several ad-hoc meetings and conference calls.
 
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Selection and Nomination Committee
ASML’s Selection and Nomination Committee is composed of three members of the Supervisory Board. The current members of our Selection and Nomination Committee are Jos Westerburgen (chairman), Arthur van der Poel and OB Bilous.
 
 
The Selection and Nomination Committee assists the Supervisory Board in:
•  preparing the selection criteria and appointment procedures for members of the Company’s Supervisory Board and Board of Management;
•  periodically evaluating the scope and composition of the Board of Management and the Supervisory Board, and proposing the profile of the Supervisory Board in relation thereto;
•  periodically evaluating the functioning of the Board of Management and the Supervisory Board and the individual members of those boards and reporting the results thereof to the Supervisory Board; and
•  proposing (re-)appointments of members of the Board of Management and the Supervisory Board, and supervising the policy of the Board of Management in relation to the selection and appointment criteria for senior management.
 
 
In 2010, the Selection and Nomination Committee held three scheduled meetings and several ad hoc meetings.
 
 
Technology and Strategy Committee
ASML’s Technology and Strategy Committee is composed of four members of the Supervisory Board. The current members of our Technology and Strategy Committee are William Siegle (chairman), Arthur van der Poel, OB Bilous and Wolfgang Ziebart. In addition, the Technology and Strategy Committee may appoint one or more advisors from within the Company and/or from outside the Company. The advisors to the Technology and Strategy Committee may be invited as guests to the meetings, or parts thereof, of the Committee, but are not entitled to vote in the meetings.
 
 
The Technology and Strategy Committee assists the Supervisory Board in relation to the following responsibilities and may prepare resolutions of the Supervisory Board related thereto:
•  familiarization with and risk assessment and study of potential strategies, required technical resources, technology roadmaps and product roadmaps; and
•  providing advice to the Supervisory Board with respect to matters related thereto.
 
 
In 2010, the Technology and Strategy Committee held three meetings in person and two conference calls.
 
 
Disclosure Committee
ASML has a Disclosure Committee to ensure compliance with applicable disclosure requirements arising under US and Dutch law and applicable stock exchange rules. The Disclosure Committee is composed of various members of senior management, and reports to the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. The Disclosure Committee informs the Audit Committee about the outcome of the Disclosure Committee meetings. Furthermore, members of the Disclosure Committee are in close contact with our external legal counsel and our external auditor.
 
 
The Disclosure Committee gathers all relevant financial and non-financial information and assesses materiality, timeliness and necessity for disclosure of such information. In addition the Disclosure Committee assists the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer in the maintenance and evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.
 
 
During 2010, the Disclosure Committee reviewed the quarterly-earnings announcements, statutory interim report, the annual report including the audited consolidated financial statements and other public announcements containing financial information. They also advised the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer on the assessment of ASML’s disclosure controls and procedures.
 
 
D. Employees
The following table presents the total numbers of payroll employees and temporary employees as of December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010 (in FTEs), employed by ASML, primarily in manufacturing, product development and customer support activities:
 
                         

 
   
As of December 31   2008     2009     2010  
Payroll Employees
    6,930       6,548       7,184  
Temporary Employees
    1,329       1,137       2,061  
                         
Employees (in FTEs)
    8,259       7,685       9,245  
 
 
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For a more detailed description of payroll employee information, including a breakdown of our employees in FTEs by sector, see Notes 16 and 21 to our consolidated financial statements. We rely on our ability to vary the number of temporary employees to respond to fluctuating market demand for our products.
 
 
Our future success will depend on our ability to attract, train, retain and motivate highly qualified, skilled and educated employees, who are in great demand. We are particularly reliant for our continued success on the services of several key employees, including a number of systems development specialists with advanced university qualifications in engineering, optics and computing.
 
 
ASML Netherlands B.V., our operating subsidiary in the Netherlands, has a Works Council, as required by Dutch law. A Works Council is a representative body of the employees of a Dutch company elected by the employees. The Board of Management of any Dutch company that runs an enterprise with a Works Council must seek the non-binding advice of the Works Council before taking certain decisions with respect to the company, such as those related to a major restructuring, a change of control, or the appointment or dismissal of a member of the Board of Management. Other decisions directly involving employment matters that apply either to all employees, or certain groups of employees, may only be taken with the Works Council’s approval. Such a decision may be taken without the prior approval of the Works Council only with the approval of the District Court.
 
 
E. Share Ownership
Information with respect to share ownership of members of our Supervisory Board and Board of Management is included in Item 7 “Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions” and Note 20 to our consolidated financial statements. Information with respect to the grant of shares and stock options to employees is included in Note 16 to our consolidated financial statements.
 
 
Item 7 Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
 
 
A. Major Shareholders
The following table sets forth the total number of ordinary shares owned by each shareholder whose beneficial ownership of ordinary shares exceeds 5.0 percent of the ordinary shares issued and outstanding, as well as the ordinary shares (including options) owned by members of the Board of Management (which includes those persons specified in Item 6 “Directors, Senior Management and Employees”), as a group, as of December 31, 2010. The information set out below is solely based on public filings with the SEC and AFM (Autoriteit Financiële Markten; the Dutch Authority for the Financial Markets) as of December 31, 2010.
 
                 

 
   
    Shares
       
Identity of Person or Group   Owned     Percent of Class  
FMR LLC 1
    49,292,206       11.3%  
Capital World Investors2
    25,132,167       5.8%  
Members of ASML’s Supervisory Board and Board of Management, as a group (5 persons)3,4
    1,948,689       0.4%  
 
 
Based solely on the Schedule 13-G/A filed by FMR LLC with the Commission on February 16, 2010.
Based solely on the Schedule 13-G/A filed by Capital World Investors with the Commission on February 14, 2011.
For further information, please refer to Note 20 of our consolidated financial statements.
No shares are owned by members of the Supervisory Board.
 
 
According to SEC filings, (i) FMR LLC increased its shareholding from 56,750,236 as of October 31, 2008 to 65,359,636 as of December 31, 2008, and decreased its shareholding to 49,292,206 as of December 31, 2009, and (ii) Capital World Investors decreased its shareholding from 37,869,170 as of December 31, 2008 to 22,158,167 as of December 31, 2009 and increased its shareholding to 25,132,167 as of December 31, 2010.
 
 
Our major shareholders do not have voting rights different from other shareholders. We do not issue share certificates, except for registered New York Shares. For more information see Item 10.B. “Memorandum and Articles of Association”.
 
 
As of December 31, 2010, 123,694,635 million ordinary shares were held by 411 registered holders with a registered address in the United States. Since certain of our ordinary shares were held by brokers and nominees, the number of record holders in the United States may not be representative of the number of beneficial holders or of where the beneficial holders are resident.
 
 
Obligations of Shareholders to Disclose Holdings under Dutch Law
Holders of our shares may be subject to reporting obligations under the Act on the supervision of financial markets (Wet op het financieel toezicht, the “Act”).
 
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The disclosure obligations under the Act apply to any person or entity that acquires, holds or disposes of an interest in the voting rights and/or the capital of a public limited company incorporated under the laws of the Netherlands whose shares are admitted to trading on a regulated market within the European Union, such as ASML. Disclosure is required when the percentage of voting rights or capital interest of a person or an entity reaches, exceeds or falls below 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 40.0, 50.0, 60.0, 75.0 or 95.0 percent (as a result of an acquisition or disposal by such person, or as a result of a change in our total number of voting rights or capital issued). With respect to ASML, the Act requires any person or entity whose interest in the voting rights and/or capital of ASML reached, exceeded or fell below those percentage interests to notify the AFM immediately.
 
 
A legislative proposal pursuant to which the 5.0 percent threshold will be replaced by a 3.0 percent threshold is currently before the Second Chamber of the Dutch Parliament. Under this proposal, each holder of a 3.0 percent interest would need to declare, in a filing with the AFM, whether it has any objections to our strategy as publicly submitted to the AFM. The proposal would also introduce a mechanism pursuant to which ASML would be able to identify, and communicate with, beneficial holders of its shares through the respective custodians.
 
 
ASML is required to notify the AFM immediately if the Company’s voting rights and/or capital have changed by 1.0 percent or more since its previous notification on outstanding voting rights and capital. In addition, ASML must notify the AFM of changes of less than 1.0 percent in ASML’s outstanding voting rights and capital at least once per calendar quarter, within eight days after the end of the quarter. Any person whose direct or indirect voting rights and/or capital interest meets or passes the thresholds referred to in the previous paragraph as a result of a change in the outstanding voting rights or capital must notify the AFM no later than the fourth trading day after the AFM has published such a change.
 
 
Once every calendar year, within four weeks after the end of the calendar year, holders of an interest of 5.0 percent or more in ASML’s voting rights or capital must notify the AFM of any changes in the composition of their interest resulting from certain acts (including, but not limited to, the exchange of shares for depositary receipts and vice versa, and the exercise of rights to acquire shares).
 
 
Subsidiaries, as defined in the Act, do not have independent reporting obligations under the Act, as interests held by them are attributed to their (ultimate) parents. Any person may qualify as a parent for purposes of the Act, including an individual. A person who disposes of an interest of 5.0 percent or more in ASML’s voting rights or capital and who ceases to be a subsidiary must immediately notify the AFM. As of that moment, all notification obligations under the Act become applicable to the former subsidiary.
 
 
For the purpose of calculating the percentage of capital interest or voting rights, the following interests must, among other arrangements, be taken into account: shares and votes (i) directly held by any person, (ii) held by such person’s subsidiaries, (iii) held by a third party for such person’s account, (iv) held by a third party with whom such person has concluded an oral or written voting agreement (including on the basis of an unrestricted power of attorney) and (v) held by a third party with whom such person has agreed to temporarily transfer voting rights against payment. Interests held jointly by multiple persons are attributed to those persons in accordance with their entitlement. A holder of a pledge or right of usufruct in respect of shares can also be subject to these reporting obligations if such person has, or can acquire, the right to vote on the shares or, in case of depositary receipts, the underlying shares. The managers of certain investment funds are deemed to hold the capital interests and voting rights in the funds managed by them.
 
 
For the same purpose, the following instruments qualify as “shares”: (i) shares, (ii) depositary receipts for shares (or negotiable instruments similar to such receipts), (iii) negotiable instruments for acquiring the instruments under (i) or (ii) (such as convertible bonds), and (iv) options for acquiring the instruments under (i) or (ii).
 
 
The AFM keeps a public registry of and publishes all notifications made pursuant to the Act.
 
 
Non-compliance with the reporting obligations under the Act could lead to criminal fines, administrative fines, imprisonment or other sanctions. In addition, non-compliance with the reporting obligations under the Act may lead to civil sanctions, including (i) suspension of the voting rights relating to the shares held by the offender, for a period of not more than three years, (ii) nullification of any resolution of the General Meeting of Shareholders of the Company to the extent that such resolution would not have been approved if the votes at the disposal of the person or entity in violation of a duty under the Act had not been exercised and (iii) a prohibition on the acquisition by the offender of our shares or the voting on our ordinary shares for a period of not more than five years.
 
 
B. Related Party Transactions
There have been no transactions during our most recent fiscal year, and there are currently no transactions, between ASML or any of its subsidiaries, and any significant shareholder and any director or officer or any relative or spouse thereof other than ordinary course compensation arrangements. During our most recent fiscal year, there has been no, and at present there is no,
 
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outstanding indebtedness to ASML owed or owing by any director or officer of ASML or any associate thereof, other than the virtual financing arrangement with respect to shares and stock options described under Notes 16 and 20 to our consolidated financial statements.
 
 
C. Interests of Experts & Counsel
Not applicable.
 
 
Item 8 Financial Information
 
 
A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
 
 
Consolidated Statements
See Item 18 “Financial Statements”.
 
 
Export Sales
See Note 19 to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 18 “Financial Statements”, which is incorporated herein by reference.
 
 
Legal Proceedings
See Item 4.B. “Business Overview, Intellectual Property” and Note 17 to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 18 “Financial Statements”.
 
 
Dividend Policy
As part of our financing policy, we aim to pay a sustainable annual dividend that will be stable or growing over time. Annually, the Supervisory Board, upon proposal of the Board of Management, will assess the amount of dividend that will be proposed to the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders. A proposal will be submitted to the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders on April 20, 2011 to declare a dividend for 2010 of EUR 0.40 per ordinary share of EUR 0.09. The decision by our Board of Management in any given year to propose to our Supervisory Board that a dividend be proposed to our Annual General Meeting of Shareholders in any given year will be subject to the availability of distributable profits or retained earnings and may be affected by, among other factors: the Board of Management’s views on our potential future funding requirements, including for investments in production capacity and the funding of our research and development programs, as well for acquisition opportunities that may arise from time to time; and by future changes in applicable income tax and corporate laws. Correspondingly, our dividend payments could decline or be eliminated with respect any particular year in the future.
 
 
B. Significant Changes
No significant changes have occurred since the date of our consolidated financial statements. See Item 5.D. “Trend Information”.
 
 
Item 9 The Offer and Listing
 
 
A. Offer and Listing Details
Our ordinary shares are listed for trading in the form of registered shares on NASDAQ (“New York shares”) and in the form of registered shares on Euronext Amsterdam (“Amsterdam Shares”). The principal trading market of our ordinary shares is Euronext Amsterdam. For more information see Item 10.B. “Memorandum and Articles of Association”.
 
 
New York shares are registered with J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. (the “New York Transfer Agent”), 4 New York Plaza, New York, New York, pursuant to the terms of a transfer, registrar and dividend disbursing agreement (the “Transfer Agent Agreement”) between the Company and the New York Transfer Agent. Amsterdam Shares are held in dematerialized form through the facilities of Nederlands Centraal Instituut voor Giraal Effectenverkeer B.V. (“Euroclear Nederland”), the Dutch centralised securities custody and administration system. The New York Transfer Agent charges shareholders a fee of USD 5.00 per 100 shares for the exchange of New York shares for Amsterdam shares and vice versa.
 
 
Dividends payable on New York shares are declared in euro and converted by the Company to dollars at the rate of exchange at the close of business on the date determined and announced by the Board of Management. The resulting amounts are distributed through the New York Transfer Agent and no charge is payable by holders of New York shares in connection with this conversion or distribution.
 
 
Pursuant to the terms of the Transfer Agent Agreement, the Company has agreed to reimburse the New York Transfer Agent for certain out of pocket expenses, including in connection with any mailing of notices, reports or other communications made
 
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generally available by the Company to holders of ordinary shares and the New York Transfer Agent has waived its fees associated with routine services to the Company associated with the New York shares. In addition, the New York Transfer Agent has agreed to reimburse certain reasonable expenses incurred by the Company in connection with the issuance and transfer of New York shares. In the year ended December 31, 2010, the Transfer Agent reimbursed USD 177,000 of expenses incurred by ASML, which mainly comprised legal, audit and accounting fees incurred due to the existence of the New York shares.
 
 
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low closing prices of our ordinary shares on NASDAQ, as well as on Euronext Amsterdam.
 
                                 

 
   
    NASDAQ
    Euronext Amsterdam
 
    USD     EUR  
    High     Low     High     Low  
                                 
                                 
Annual Information
                               
2006
    25.83       18.46       19.90       14.49  
2007
    35.79       22.89       24.99       17.15  
2008
    30.47       12.66       20.97       10.68  
2009
    34.67       14.28       24.24       11.35  
2010
    38.45       24.73       29.26       19.68  
                                 
                                 
Quarterly Information
                               
1st quarter 2009
    18.58       14.28       14.20       11.35  
2nd quarter 2009
    22.12       17.77       16.22       13.42  
3rd quarter 2009
    30.31       21.21       20.55       15.11  
4th quarter 2009
    34.67       26.67       24.24       18.38  
                                 
1st quarter 2010
    35.56       30.58       26.57       22.23  
2nd quarter 2010
    35.99       27.14       26.83       21.96  
3rd quarter 2010
    33.02       24.73       25.15       19.68  
4th quarter 2010
    38.45       29.48       29.26       21.07  
                                 
                                 
Monthly Information
                               
August 2010
    33.02       24.73       25.02       19.68  
September 2010
    30.49       25.98       22.31       20.40  
October 2010
    33.61       29.48       24.09       21.07  
November 2010
    34.83       31.85       26.42       23.50  
December 2010
    38.45       34.44       29.26       26.15  
January 2011
    42.88       35.90       31.08       27.35  
February (through February 7) 2011
    43.95       43.10       32.65       31.34  
 
 
(Source: Bloomberg Finance LP)
 
 
B. Plan of Distribution
Not applicable.
 
 
C. Markets
See Item 9.A. “Offer and listing Details”.
 
 
D. Selling Shareholders
Not applicable.
 
 
E. Dilution
Not applicable.
 
 
F. Expenses of the Issue
Not applicable.
 
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Item 10 Additional Information
 
 
A. Share Capital
Not applicable.
 
 
B. Memorandum and Articles of Association
The information required by Item 10.B. is incorporated by reference in ASML’s Report on Form 6-K, filed with the Commission on November 2, 2007.
 
 
Current Authorizations to Issue and Repurchase Ordinary Shares
Our Board of Management has the power to issue ordinary shares and cumulative preference shares insofar as the Board of Management has been authorized to do so by the General Meeting of Shareholders (either by means of a resolution or by an amendment to our Articles of Association). The Board of Management requires approval of the Supervisory Board for such an issue.
 
 
At our Annual General Meeting of Shareholders, held on March 24, 2010, the Board of Management was authorized for a period of 18 months, subject to the approval of the Supervisory Board, to issue shares and/or rights thereto representing up to a maximum of 5.0 percent of our issued share capital as of the date of authorization, plus an additional 5.0 percent of our issued share capital as of the date of authorization that may be issued in connection with mergers and acquisitions. At our Annual General Meeting of Shareholders to be held on April 20, 2011, our shareholders will be asked to authorize the Board of Management (subject to the approval of the Supervisory Board) to issue shares and/or rights thereto through October 20, 2012 up to an aggregate maximum of 10.0 percent of the Company’s issued share capital.
 
 
Holders of ASML’s ordinary shares have a preemptive right of subscription, in proportion to the aggregate nominal amount of the ordinary shares held by them, to any issuance of ordinary shares for cash, which right may be restricted or excluded. Ordinary shareholders have no pro rata preemptive right of subscription to any ordinary shares issued for consideration other than cash or ordinary shares issued to employees. If authorized for this purpose by the General Meeting of Shareholders (either by means of a resolution or by an amendment to our Articles of Association), the Board of Management has the power subject to approval of the Supervisory Board, to restrict or exclude the preemptive rights of holders of ordinary shares. At our Annual General Meeting of Shareholders held on March 24, 2010, the Board of Management was authorized, subject to approval of the Supervisory Board, to restrict or exclude preemptive rights of holders of ordinary shares. At our Annual General Meeting of Shareholders to be held on April 20, 2011, our shareholders will be asked to grant this authority through October 20, 2012. At this Annual General Meeting of Shareholders, the shareholders will be asked to grant authority to the Board of Management to issue shares or options separately. These authorizations will each be requested to be granted for a period of 18 months.
 
 
We may repurchase our issued ordinary shares at any time, subject to compliance with the requirements of Dutch law and our Articles of Association. Although since June 11, 2008, Dutch law provides that after such repurchases the aggregate nominal value of the ordinary shares held by ASML or a subsidiary must not exceed 50.0 percent of the issued share capital, our current Articles of Association provide that after such repurchases the aggregate nominal value of the ordinary shares held by ASML or a subsidiary must not exceed 10.0 percent of the issued share capital. It will be proposed to the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders to be held on April 20, 2011, to amend the Articles of Association to refer to applicable Dutch law. Any such repurchases are subject to the approval of the Supervisory Board and the authorization of shareholders at our General Meeting of Shareholders, which authorization may not be for more than 18 months. The Board of Management is currently authorized, subject to Supervisory Board approval, to repurchase through September 24, 2011, up to a maximum of three times 10.0 percent of the Company’s issued share capital as of the date of authorization (March 24, 2010) at a price between the nominal value of the ordinary shares purchased and 110.0 percent of the market price of these securities on Euronext Amsterdam or NASDAQ. At our Annual General Meeting of Shareholders to be held on April 20, 2011, our shareholders will be asked to extend this authority through October 20, 2012.
 
 
C. Material Contracts
Not applicable.
 
 
D. Exchange Controls
There are currently no limitations, either under the laws of the Netherlands or in the Articles of Association of ASML, to the rights of non-residents to hold or vote ordinary shares. Cash distributions, if any, payable in euros on Amsterdam Shares may be officially transferred by bank from the Netherlands and converted into any other currency without being subject to any Dutch legal restrictions. However, for statistical purposes, such payments and transactions must be reported by ASML to the Dutch Central Bank. Furthermore, no payments, including dividend payments, may be made to jurisdictions subject to certain sanctions, adopted by the government of the Netherlands, implementing resolutions of the Security Council of the United Nations. Cash distributions, if any, on New York Shares shall be declared in euros but paid in U.S. dollars, converted by the Company at the rate of exchange at the close of business on the date fixed for that purpose by the Board of Management in accordance with the Articles of Association.
 
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E. Taxation
 
 
Dutch Taxation
The statements below represent a summary of current Dutch tax laws, regulations and judicial interpretations thereof. The description is limited to the material tax implications for a holder of ordinary shares who is not, or is not deemed to be, a resident of the Netherlands for Dutch tax purposes (a “Non-resident Holder”). This summary does not address special rules that may apply to special classes of holders of ordinary shares and should not be read as extending by implication to matters not specifically referred to herein. As to individual tax consequences, each investor in ordinary shares should consult his or her tax counsel.
 
 
General
The acquisition of ordinary shares by a non-resident of the Netherlands should not be treated as a taxable event for Dutch tax purposes. The income consequences in connection with owning and disposing of our ordinary shares are discussed below.
 
 
Substantial Interest
A person that, (inter alia) directly or indirectly, owns 5.0 percent or more of our share capital, owns profit participating rights that correspond to at least 5.0 percent of the annual profits of a Dutch company or to at least 5.0 percent of the profits made on liquidation of such company, or who is entitled to 5.0 percent of the voting power in the shareholders meeting, or holds options to purchase 5.0 percent or more of our share capital, is deemed to have a substantial interest in our shares, or our options, as applicable. Specific rules apply in case the partner or certain family members of the Non-resident hold a substantial interest. A deemed substantial interest also exists if (part of) a substantial interest has been disposed of, or is deemed to be disposed of, in a transaction where no taxable gain has been recognized. Special attribution rules exist in determining the presence of a substantial interest.
 
 
Income Tax Consequences for Individual Non-resident Holders on Owning and Disposing of the Ordinary Shares
An individual who is a Non-resident Holder will not be subject to Dutch income tax on received income in respect of our ordinary shares or capital gains derived from the sale, exchange or other disposition of our ordinary shares, provided that such holder:
•  Does not carry on and has not carried on a business in the Netherlands through a permanent establishment or a permanent representative to which the ordinary shares are attributable;
•  Does not hold and has not held a (deemed) substantial interest in our share capital or, in the event the Non-resident Holder holds or has held a (deemed) substantial interest in our share capital, such interest is, or was, a business asset in the hands of the holder;
•  Does not share and has not shared directly (through the beneficial ownership of ordinary shares or similar securities) in the profits of an enterprise managed and controlled in the Netherlands which (is deemed to) own(s), or (is deemed to have) has owned, our ordinary shares;
•  Does not carry out and has not carried out any activities which generate taxable profit or taxable wages to which the holding of our ordinary shares was connected;
•  Does not carry out and has not carried out employment activities in the Netherlands, does not serve and has not served as a director or board member of any entity resident in the Netherlands, and does not serve and has not served as a civil servant of a Dutch public entity with which the holding of our ordinary shares is or was connected; and
•  Is not an individual that has elected to be taxed as a resident of the Netherlands.
 
 
Corporate Income Tax Consequences for Corporate Non-resident Holders
Income derived from ordinary shares or capital gains derived from the sale, exchange or disposition of ordinary shares by a corporate Non-resident Holder is taxable if:
•  The holder carries on a business in the Netherlands through a permanent establishment or a permanent agent in the Netherlands (Dutch enterprise) and the ordinary shares are attributable to this permanent establishment or permanent agent, unless the participation exemption (discussed below) applies; or
•  The holder has a substantial interest in our share capital, which is not attributable to his enterprise; or
•  Certain assets of the holder are deemed to be treated as a Dutch enterprise under Dutch tax law and the ordinary shares are attributable to this Dutch enterprise.
 
 
To qualify for the Dutch participation exemption, the holder must generally hold at least 5.0 percent of our nominal paid-in capital and meet certain other requirements.
 
 
Dividend Withholding Tax
In general, a dividend distributed by us in respect of our ordinary shares will be subject to a withholding tax imposed by the Netherlands at the statutory rate of 15.0 percent.
 
 
Dividends include:
•  Dividends in cash and in kind;
•  Deemed and constructive dividends;
 
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•  Consideration for the repurchase or redemption of ordinary shares (including a purchase by a direct or indirect ASML subsidiary) in excess of qualifying average paid-in capital unless such repurchase is made for temporary investment purposes or is exempt by law;
•  Stock dividends up to their nominal value (unless distributed out of qualifying paid-in capital);
•  Any (partial) repayment of paid-in capital not qualifying as capital for Dutch dividend withholding tax purposes; and
•  Liquidation proceeds in excess of qualifying average paid-in capital for Dutch dividend withholding tax purposes.
 
 
A reduction of Dutch dividend withholding tax can be obtained if:
•  The participation exemption applies and the ordinary shares are attributable to a business carried out in the Netherlands;
•  The dividends are distributed to a qualifying EU corporate holder satisfying the conditions of the EU Parent-Subsidiary Directive; or
•  The rate is reduced by a Tax Treaty.
 
 
A Non-resident Holder of ordinary shares can be eligible for a partial or complete exemption or refund of all or a portion of the above withholding tax under a Tax Treaty that is in effect between the Netherlands and the Non-resident Holder’s country of residence. The Netherlands has concluded such treaties with the United States, Canada, Switzerland, Japan, most European Union member states, as well as many other countries. Under the Treaty between the United States and the Netherlands for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income (the “Tax Treaty”), dividends paid by us to a Non-resident Holder that is a resident of the United States as defined in the Tax Treaty (other than an exempt organization or exempt pension trust, as discussed below) are generally liable to 15.0 percent Dutch withholding tax or, in the case of certain United States corporate shareholders owning at least 10.0 percent of our voting power, a reduction to 5.0 percent, provided that the Holder does not have an enterprise or an interest in an enterprise that is, in whole or in part, carried on through a permanent establishment or permanent representative in the Netherlands to which the dividends are attributable. The Tax Treaty also provides for a dividend withholding tax exemption on dividends, but only for an 80.0 percent shareholder meeting all other requirements. The Tax Treaty provides for a complete exemption from tax on dividends received by exempt pension trusts and exempt organizations, as defined therein. Except in the case of exempt organizations, the reduced dividend withholding tax rate (or exemption from withholding) can be applied at the source upon payment of the dividends, provided that the proper forms have been filed in advance of the payment. Exempt organizations remain subject to the statutory withholding rate of 15.0 percent and are required to file for a refund of such withholding.
 
 
A Non-resident Holder may not claim the benefits of the Tax Treaty unless (i) he/she is a resident of the United States as defined therein, or (ii) he/she is deemed to be a resident on the basis of the provisions of article 24(4) of the Tax Treaty, and (iii) his or her entitlement to those benefits is not limited by the provisions of article 26 (limitation on benefits) of the Tax Treaty.
 
 
Dividend Stripping Rules
Under Dutch tax legislation regarding anti-dividend stripping, no exemption from, or refund of, Dutch dividend withholding tax is granted if the recipient of dividends paid by us is not considered the beneficial owner of such dividends.
 
 
Gift or Inheritance Taxes
Dutch gift or inheritance taxes will not be levied on the transfer of ordinary shares by way of gift, or upon the death of a Non-resident Holder, unless:
 
 
(1) The transfer is construed as an inheritance or as a gift made by or on behalf of a person who, at the time of the gift or death, is deemed to be, resident of the Netherlands; or
 
 
(2) The ordinary shares are attributable to an enterprise or part thereof that is carried on through a permanent establishment or a permanent representative in the Netherlands.
 
 
Gift tax and inheritance tax are levied from the beneficiary. For purposes of Dutch gift and inheritance tax, an individual of Dutch nationality is deemed to be a resident of the Netherlands if he has been a resident thereof at any time during the ten years preceding the time of the gift or death. For purposes of Dutch gift tax, a person not possessing Dutch nationality is deemed to be a resident of the Netherlands if he/she has resided therein at any time in the twelve months preceding the gift.
 
 
Value Added Tax
No Dutch value added tax is imposed on dividends in respect of our ordinary shares or on the transfer of our shares.
 
 
Residence
A Non-resident Holder will not become resident, or be deemed to be resident, in the Netherlands solely as a result of holding our ordinary shares or of the execution, performance, delivery and/or enforcement of rights in respect of our ordinary shares.
 
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United States Taxation
The following is a discussion of the material United States federal income tax consequences relating to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of ordinary shares by a United States Holder (as defined below) acting in the capacity of a beneficial owner who is not a tax resident of the Netherlands. This discussion deals only with ordinary shares held as capital assets and does not deal with the tax consequences applicable to all categories of investors, some of which (such as tax-exempt entities, financial institutions, regulated investment companies, dealers in securities/traders in securities that elect a mark-to-market method of accounting for securities holdings, insurance companies, investors owning directly, indirectly or constructively 10.0 percent or more of our outstanding voting shares, investors who hold ordinary shares as part of hedging or conversion transactions and investors whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar) may be subject to special rules. In addition, the discussion does not address any alternative minimum tax or any state, local, FIRPTA related United States federal income tax consequences, or non-United States tax consequences.
 
 
This discussion is based on the U.S.-Dutch Income Tax Treaty (“Treaty”) and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended to the date hereof, final, temporary and proposed Treasury Department regulations promulgated, and administrative and judicial interpretations thereof, changes to any of which subsequent to the date hereof, possibly with retroactive effect, may affect the tax consequences described herein. In addition, there can be no assurance that the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) will not challenge one or more of the tax consequences described herein, and we have not obtained, nor do we intend to obtain, a ruling from the IRS or an opinion of counsel with respect to the United States federal income tax consequences of acquiring or holding shares. Prospective purchasers of ordinary shares are advised to consult their tax advisers with respect to their particular circumstances and with respect to the effects of United States federal, state, local or non-United States tax laws to which they may be subject.
 
 
As used herein, the term “United States Holder” means a beneficial owner of ordinary shares that for United States federal income tax purposes whose holding of ordinary shares does not form part of the business property or assets of a permanent establishment or fixed base in the Netherlands; who is fully entitled to the benefits of the Treaty in respect of such ordinary shares; and is:
•  an individual citizen or tax resident of the United States;
•  a corporation or other entity treated as a corporation for United States federal income tax purposes created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or of any political subdivision thereof;
•  an estate of which the income is subject to United States federal income taxation regardless of its source; or
•  a trust whose administration is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and which has one or more United States persons who have the authority to control all of its substantial decisions.
 
 
If an entity treated as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes owns ordinary shares, the United States federal income tax treatment of a partner in such partnership will generally depend upon the status and tax residency of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A partnership that owns ordinary shares and the partners in such partnership should consult their tax advisors about the United States federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of the ordinary shares.
 
 
Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations
ASML believes it was not a Passive Foreign Investment Company (“PFIC”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes in 2010 and that it will not be a PFIC in 2011. However, as PFIC status is a factual matter that must be determined annually at the close of each taxable year, there can be no certainty as to our actual PFIC status in any particular year until the close of the taxable year in question. ASML has not conducted a detailed study at this time to confirm its non-PFIC status. If ASML were treated as a PFIC in any year during which a United States Holder owns common shares, certain adverse tax consequences could apply. Investors should consult their tax advisors with respect to any PFIC considerations.
 
 
Taxation of Dividends
United States Holders should generally include in gross income as foreign-source dividend income the gross amount of any non-liquidating distribution (before reduction for Dutch withholding taxes) ASML makes out of its current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for United States federal income tax purposes) when the distribution is actually or constructively received by the United States Holder. Distributions will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction generally allowed to United States corporations in respect of dividends received from other United States corporations. The amount of the dividend distribution includible in income of a United States Holder should be the U.S. dollar value of the foreign currency (e.g. euros) paid, determined by the spot rate of exchange on the date of the distribution, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars. Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for United States federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of the United States Holder’s U.S. tax basis in the ordinary shares and thereafter as taxable capital gain. ASML presently does not maintain calculations of its earnings and profits under United States federal income tax principles. If ASML does not report to a United States Holder the portion of a
 
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distribution that exceeds earnings and profits, the distribution will generally be taxable as a dividend even if that distribution would otherwise be treated as a non-taxable return of capital or as capital gain under the rules described above.
 
 
Subject to limitations provided in the United States Internal Revenue Code, a United States Holder may generally deduct from its United States federal taxable income, or credit against its United States federal income tax liability, the amount of qualified Dutch withholding taxes. However, Dutch withholding tax may be credited only if the United States Holder does not claim a deduction for any Dutch or other non-United States taxes paid or accrued in that year. In addition, Dutch dividend withholding taxes will likely not be creditable against the United States Holder’s United States tax liability to the extent ASML is not required to pay over the amount withheld to the Dutch Tax Administration. Currently, a Dutch corporation that receives dividends from qualifying non-Dutch subsidiaries may credit source country tax withheld from those dividends against Dutch withholding tax imposed on a dividend paid by a Dutch corporation, up to a maximum of 3.0 percent of the dividend paid by the Dutch corporation. The credit reduces the amount of dividend withholding that ASML is required to pay to the Dutch Tax Administration but does not reduce the amount of tax ASML is required to withhold from dividends.
 
 
For U.S. foreign tax credit purposes, dividends paid by ASML generally will be treated as foreign-source income and as “passive category income” (or in the case of certain holders, as “general category income”). Gains or losses realized by a United States Holder on the sale or exchange of ordinary shares generally will be treated as U.S.-source gain or loss. The rules governing the foreign tax credit are complex and we suggest that each United States Holder consult his or her own tax advisor to determine whether, and to what extent, a foreign tax credit will be available.
 
 
Dividends received by a United States Holder will generally be taxed at ordinary income tax rates. However, the Jobs and Growth Tax Reconciliation Act of 2003 and subsequently the Tax Increase and Prevention Act of 2006 reduce to 15.0 percent the maximum tax rate for certain dividends received by individuals through taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2010, so long as the stock has been held for at least 60 days during the 121 day period beginning 60 days before the ex-dividend date. Dividends received from “qualified foreign corporations” generally qualify for the reduced rate. A non-United States corporation (other than a foreign personal holding company, foreign investment company, or passive foreign investment company) generally will be considered to be a qualified foreign corporation if: (i) the shares of the non-United States corporation are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States or (ii) the non-United States corporation is eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States that has been identified as a qualifying treaty and contains an exchange of information program. Individual United States Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the impact of this provision on their particular situations.
 
 
Dividends paid by ASML generally will constitute “portfolio income” for purposes of the limitations on the use of passive activity losses (and, therefore, generally may not be offset by passive activity losses) and as “investment income” for purposes of the limitation on the deduction of investment interest expense.
 
 
Taxation on Sale or Other Disposition of Ordinary Shares
Upon a sale or other disposition of ordinary shares, a United States Holder will generally recognize capital gain or loss for United States federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized, if paid in U.S. dollars, or the U.S. dollar value of the amount realized (determined at the spot rate on the settlement date of the sale) if proceeds are paid in currency other than the U.S. dollar, as the case may be, and the United States Holder’s U.S. tax basis (determined in U.S. dollars) in such ordinary shares. Generally, the capital gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if the holding period of the United States Holder in the ordinary shares exceeds one year at the time of the sale or other disposition. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations for United States federal income tax purposes. Gain or loss from the sale or other disposition of ordinary shares generally will be treated as United States source income or loss for United States foreign tax credit purposes. Generally, any gain or loss resulting from currency fluctuations during the period between the date of the sale of the ordinary shares and the date the sale proceeds are converted into U.S. dollars will be treated as ordinary income or loss from sources within the United States. Each United States Holder should consult his or her tax advisor with regard to the translation rules applicable when computing its adjusted U.S. tax basis and the amount realized upon a sale or other disposition of its ordinary shares if purchased in, or sold or disposed of for, a currency other than U.S. dollar.
 
 
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
Information returns may be filed with the IRS in connection with payments on the ordinary shares or proceeds from a sale, redemption or other disposition of the ordinary shares. A “backup withholding” tax may be applied to, and withheld from, these payments if the beneficial owner fails to provide a correct taxpayer identification number to the paying agent and to comply with certain certification procedures or otherwise establish an exemption from backup withholding. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules might be refunded (or credited against the beneficial owner’s United States federal income tax liability, if any) depending on the facts and provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS.
 
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The discussion set out above is included for general information only and may not be applicable depending upon a holder’s particular situation. Holders should consult their tax advisors with respect to the tax consequences to them of the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares including the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws and the possible effects of changes in United States federal and other tax laws.
 
 
F. Dividends and Paying Agents
Not applicable.
 
 
G. Statement by Experts
Not applicable.
 
 
H. Documents on Display
We are subject to certain reporting requirements of the US Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). As a “foreign private issuer”, we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing certain disclosure and procedural requirements for proxy solicitations, and our officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and “short-swing” profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act, with respect to their purchases and sales of shares. In addition, we are not required to file reports and financial statements with the Commission as frequently or as promptly as companies that are not foreign private issuers whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act. However, we are required to file with the Commission, within six months after the end of each fiscal year, an annual report on Form 20-F containing financial statements audited by an independent accounting firm and interactive data comprising financial statements in extensible business reporting language which, with respect to our annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010, should be furnished within 30 days of filing our annual report on Form 20-F. We publish unaudited interim financial information after the end of each quarter. We furnish this quarterly financial information to the Commission under cover of a Form 6-K.
 
 
Documents we file with the Commission are publicly available at its public reference facilities at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20549, Woolworth Building, 233 Broadway, New York, New York 10048 and Citicorp Center, 500 West Madison Street, Suite 1400, Chicago, Illinois 60661-2511. Copies of the documents are available at prescribed rates by writing to the Public Reference Section of the Commission at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington DC 20549. The Commission also maintains a website that contains reports and other information regarding registrants that are required to file electronically with the Commission. The address of this website is http://www.sec.gov. Please call the Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference facilities.
 
 
I. Subsidiary Information
See Item 4.C. “Organizational Structure”.
 
 
Item 11 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
 
 
ASML is exposed to a variety of financial risks: market risks (including foreign currency exchange risk and interest rate risk), credit risk, liquidity risk and capital risk. The overall risk management program focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimize potentially adverse effects on the Company’s financial performance. The Company uses derivative instruments to hedge certain risk exposures. None of the transactions are entered into for trading or speculative purposes.
 
 
We believe that market information is the most reliable and transparent means of measurement for our derivative instruments that are measured at fair value.
 
 
Foreign currency risk management
The Company uses the euro as its invoicing currency in order to limit the exposure to foreign currency movements. Exceptions may occur on a customer by customer basis. To the extent that invoicing is done in a currency other than the euro, the Company is exposed to foreign currency risk.
 
 
It is the Company’s policy to hedge material transaction exposures, such as forecasted sales and purchase transactions and accounts receivable and payable. The Company hedges these exposures through the use of currency contracts (foreign exchange options and forward contracts).
 
 
As of December 31, 2010 other comprehensive income includes EUR 40.8 million loss (net of taxes: EUR 35.9 million loss; 2009: EUR 41.8 million loss) representing the total anticipated loss to be charged to sales, and EUR 7.0 million loss (net of taxes: EUR 6.1 million loss; 2009: EUR 0.5 million gain) to be charged to cost of sales, which will offset the higher EUR equivalent of foreign currency denominated forecasted sales and purchase transactions. In 2010, as a result of ineffective cash flow hedges, a loss was recognized in sales for an amount of EUR 0.4 million (2009: loss of EUR 10.7 million) related to forecasted sales
 
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transactions. The effectiveness of all outstanding hedge contracts is monitored on a quarterly basis throughout the life of the hedges. It is anticipated that an amount of EUR 40.7 million loss will be charged to sales and EUR 7.0 million loss will be charged to cost of sales over the next twelve months, as the forecasted sales and purchase transactions occur. The remainder of the loss is anticipated to be charged to sales between one and two years, as the forecasted sales transactions occur.
 
 
It is the Company’s policy to not hedge currency translation exposures. Prior to 2009, the Company managed its material currency translation exposures resulting predominantly from ASML’s U.S. dollar net investments by hedging these partly with forward contracts. In 2009, the Company decided to no longer hedge these U.S. dollar net investment exposures.
 
 
It is the Company’s policy to hedge material remeasurement exposures. These net exposures from certain monetary assets and liabilities in non-functional currencies are hedged with forward contracts.
 
 
Interest rate risk management
The Company has both assets and liabilities that bear interest, which expose the Company to fluctuations in the prevailing market rate of interest. The Company uses interest rate swaps to align the interest typical terms of interest-bearing assets with the interest typical terms of interest-bearing liabilities. There might be some residual interest rate risks to the extent that the asset and liability positions do not fully offset.
 
 
Furthermore, the Company uses interest rate swaps to hedge changes in market value of fixed loan coupons payable on its Eurobond due to changes in market interest rates and to hedge the variability of future interest receipts as a result of changes in market interest rates on part of its cash and cash equivalents. During 2010, the hedge was 100 percent effective in hedging the fair value exposure to interest rate movements. This amount was included in consolidated statements of operations at the same time that the fair value of the interest rate swap was included in the consolidated statements of operations.
 
 
Financial instruments
The Company uses currency contracts to manage its currency risk and interest rate swaps to manage its interest rate risk. Most derivatives will mature in one year or less after the balance sheet date. The following table summarizes the notional amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments:
 
 
                                 
 
   
    2009
          2010
       
    Notional
          Notional
       
As of December 31
  Amount
    Fair Value
    Amount
    Fair Value
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR  
Currency contracts1
    527,816       7,428       (1,933 )     (28,974 )
Interest rate swaps2
    641,500       78,485       641,500       90,256  
 
 
Relates to forward contracts assigned as a hedge to forecasted sales and purchase transactions, to monetary assets and liabilities, mainly in U.S. dollar and Japanese Yen.
Relates to interest rate swaps assigned as a hedge to interest bearing assets and liabilities mainly related to the EUR 600.0 million Eurobond; the fair value of the interest rate swaps includes accrued interest.
 
 
The valuation technique used to determine the fair value of forward contracts (used for hedging purposes) is the Net Present Value technique which is the estimated amount that a bank would receive or pay to terminate the forward contracts at the reporting date, taking into account current interest rates and current exchange rates. The valuation technique used to determine the fair value of forward contracts approximates the net present value of future cash flows.
 
 
The valuation technique used to determine the fair value of interest rate swaps (used for hedging purposes) is the Net Present Value technique which is the estimated amount that a bank would receive or pay to terminate the swap agreements at the reporting date, taking into account current interest rates. The valuation technique used to determine the fair value of interest rate swaps approximates the net present value of future cash flows.
 
 
Credit risk management
Financial instruments that potentially subject ASML to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and derivative instruments used in hedging activities.
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents and derivative instruments contain an element of risk of the counterparties being unable to meet their obligations. This financial credit risk is monitored and minimized per type of financial instrument by limiting ASML’s counterparties to a sufficient number of major financial institutions. ASML invests its cash and cash equivalents mainly in short-term deposits with highly rated financial institutions and partly in AAAm-rated money market funds that invest in highly rated short-term debt securities of financial institutions and governments. ASML does not expect the counterparties to default given their high credit quality.
 
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ASML’s customers consist of IC manufacturers located throughout the world. ASML performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition. ASML regularly reviews whether an allowance for doubtful debts is needed by considering factors such as historical payment experience, credit quality, age of the accounts receivable balances, and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. ASML takes additional measures to mitigate credit risk when considered appropriate by means of e.g. down payments, letters of credit and retention of ownership provisions in contracts. Retention of ownership enables ASML to recover the systems in the event a customer defaults on payment.
 
 
Liquidity and Capital risk management
Prudent liquidity risk management includes maintaining sufficient cash and cash equivalents and the availability of funding through an adequate amount of committed credit facilities. As part of our financing policy we seek to maintain a strategic level of cash and cash equivalents of between EUR 1.0 and 1.5 billion. In addition to dividend payments, to the extent the level of cash and cash equivalents exceeds this target level and there are no investment opportunities that we wish to pursue, we intend to return cash to our shareholders through share buybacks or repayment of capital.
 
 
As announced on January 19, 2011, ASML intends to repurchase up to EUR 1.0 billion of its own shares within the next two years and to increase dividend pay-out in respect of 2010 to EUR 0.40 per ordinary share of EUR 0.09 (subject to approval of the 2011 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders).
 
 
The Company’s available credit facilities amount to EUR 700.0 million as of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009 and consist of two facilities: a EUR 500.0 million credit facility and a EUR 200.0 million loan facility. In May 2010, the Company, in line with its financing policy, cancelled its EUR 500.0 million credit facility that was due to expire in May 2012 and replaced it with a new EUR 500.0 million credit facility from the same group of banks. The new credit facility has a term of five years and contains the same restrictive covenant as the credit facility it replaced. This covenant requires the Company to maintain a minimum committed capital to net total assets ratio of 40 percent calculated in accordance with contractually agreed definitions. As of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, this ratio was 78.0 percent and 85.7 percent, respectively. Therefore, the Company was in compliance with the covenant at the end of 2010 and 2009. Outstanding amounts under this credit facility will bear interest at EURIBOR or LIBOR plus a margin that depends on the Company’s liquidity position. No amounts were outstanding under this credit facility at the end of 2010 and 2009.
 
 
The EUR 200.0 million loan facility is related to the Company’s EUV investment efforts and was entered into during the first half of 2009. In June 2010, the Company and the European Investment Bank agreed to extend the availability period of the EUR 200.0 million loan facility by six months, allowing the Company to draw the facility up to March 31, 2011. When drawn, the loan is repayable in annual installments starting four years after drawdown, with a final repayment seven years after drawdown. This facility contains a covenant that restricts indebtedness, as contractually defined, to a maximum amount of EUR 2,300.0 million. As of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, this indebtedness amounted to EUR 1,319.2 million and EUR 1,319.0 million, respectively. Therefore, the Company was in compliance with this covenant at the end of 2010 and 2009. Outstanding amounts under this loan facility will bear interest at EURIBOR or LIBOR plus a margin. No amounts were outstanding under this loan facility at the end of 2010 and 2009.
 
 
The Company currently does not expect any difficulty in continuing to meet its covenant requirements.
 
 
Sensitivity analysis financial instruments
 
Foreign currency sensitivity
ASML is mainly exposed to the U.S. dollar and Japanese yen. The following table details the Company’s sensitivity to a 10.0 percent strengthening of foreign currencies against the euro. The sensitivity analysis includes foreign currency denominated monetary items outstanding and adjusts their translation at the period end for a 10.0 percent strengthening in foreign currency rates. A positive amount indicates an increase in income from operations before income taxes and equity.
 
 
                                 
 
   
    2009
          2010
       
    Impact on
          Impact on
       
    income from
          income from
       
    operations
          operations
       
    before income
    Impact on
    before income
    Impact on
 
    taxes
    equity
    taxes
    equity
 
(in thousands)  
EUR
   
EUR
   
EUR
   
EUR
 
U.S. dollar
    (3,689 )     24,903       (6,048 )     39,802  
Japanese yen
    (1,711 )     (32,416 )     (4,207 )     1,320  
Other currencies
    (1,620 )     12,080       (700 )     15,634  
                                 
Total
    (7,020 )     4,567       (10,955 )     56,756  
 
 
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It is the Company’s policy to limit the currency effects through the consolidated statements of operations. The negative effect on income from operations before income taxes as presented in the table above for 2010 and 2009 is mainly attributable to timing differences between the arising of exposures and the hedging thereof.
 
 
The increase in the U.S. dollar and Japanese yen effect on income from operations before income taxes in 2010 compared with 2009 is caused by higher U.S. dollar and Japanese yen liability positions at year end.
 
 
The revaluation effects of investments in foreign entities are recognized in other comprehensive income, within equity. The movements of currency rates therefore might have a significant effect on other comprehensive income. Furthermore, fair value movements of cash flow hedges, entered into for U.S. dollar and Japanese yen transactions, are recognized in other comprehensive income. The increased U.S. dollar effect on other comprehensive income in 2010 compared with 2009 is caused by the recovery of the semiconductor equipment industry and resulting increase in purchase hedges in combination with the fact that early 2009 the Company decided to no longer hedge its U.S. dollar net investments exposures. The effect on other comprehensive income for other currencies mainly relates to investments in foreign entities in Taiwan dollar and Korean won.
 
 
For a 10.0 percent weakening of the foreign currencies against the euro, there would be approximately an equal but opposite effect on the income from operations before income taxes. For the sensitivity for a 10.0 percent weakening of the U.S. dollar against the euro, there would be a lower opposite effect than presented in the table shown above of EUR 7.2 million on other comprehensive income.
 
 
Interest rate sensitivity
The sensitivity analysis below has been determined based on the exposure to interest rates for both derivatives and non-derivative instruments at the balance sheet date and the stipulated change taking place at the beginning of the financial year and held constant throughout the reporting period. The table below shows the effect of a 1.0 percent increase in interest rates on the Company’s income from operations before income taxes and other comprehensive income. For a 1.0 percent decrease in interest rates there would be approximately an equal but opposite effect on other comprehensive income and income from operations before income taxes. A positive amount indicates an increase in income from operations before income taxes and other comprehensive income.
 
 
                                 
 
   
                2010
       
    2009
          Impact on
       
    Impact on
          income from
       
    income from
          operations
       
    operations
    Impact on
    before income
    Impact on
 
    before income taxes
    equity
    taxes
    equity
 
(in thousands)  
EUR
   
EUR
   
EUR
   
EUR
 
  
    4,425       2,336       13,274       1,986  
 
 
 
The positive effect on other comprehensive income, within equity, is mainly attributable to the fair value movements of the interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges. The effect on income from operations before income taxes has increased, mainly due to an increase in cash and cash equivalents in 2010 compared with 2009.
 
 
Item 12 Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities
 
 
Not applicable.
 
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Part II
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 13 Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies
 
 
None.
 
 
Item 14 Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds
 
 
None.
 
 
Item 15 Controls and Procedures
 
 
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this report, the management of ASML conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of ASML’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of ASML’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on such evaluation, ASML’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of December 31, 2010, ASML’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective in recording, processing, summarizing and reporting, on a timely basis, information required to be disclosed by ASML in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act and are effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by ASML in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to ASML’s management, including ASML’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
 
 
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
ASML’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act, for ASML. Under the supervision and with the participation of ASML’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, ASML’s management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of ASML’s internal control over financial reporting based upon the framework in “Internal Control — Integrated Framework” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, management has concluded that ASML’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2010 at providing reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
 
 
Deloitte Accountants B.V., an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the consolidated financial statements included in Item 18 “Financial Statements” and, as part of the audit, has issued a report, included herein, on the effectiveness of ASML’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
 
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During the year ended December 31, 2010 there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
 
 
Inherent Limitations of Disclosure Controls and Procedures in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
It should be noted that any system of controls, however well-designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the system will be met. In addition, the design of any control system is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events.
 
 
Item 16
 
 
A. Audit Committee Financial Expert
Our Supervisory Board has determined that effective March 18, 2004, Mr. Fritz Fröhlich, an independent member of the Supervisory Board, qualifies as the Audit Committee Financial Expert.
 
 
B. Code of Ethics
ASML has adopted its “Principles of Ethical Business Conduct”, which contain ASML’s ethical principles in relation to various subjects. These Principles have been developed into day-to-day guidelines (the “Internal Guidelines on Ethical Business
 
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Conduct”). The Internal Guidelines on Ethical Business Conduct apply to ASML employees worldwide, as well as ASML’s Supervisory Board and Board of Management. Our Principles of Ethical Business Conduct and Internal Guidelines on Ethical Business Conduct are posted on our website (www.asml.com).
 
 
The Internal Guidelines on Ethical Business Conduct contain, among others, written standards that are reasonably designed to deter wrongdoing and to promote:
•  Honest and ethical conduct, including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships;
•  Full, fair, accurate, timely, and understandable disclosure in reports and documents that ASML files with, or submits to, the SEC and in other public communications made by ASML;
•  Compliance with applicable governmental laws, rules and regulations;
•  Prompt internal reporting of violations of the Internal Guidelines on Ethical Business Conduct to an appropriate person or persons identified in these guidelines; and
•  Accountability for adherence to the guidelines.
 
 
C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
Deloitte Accountants B.V. has served as our independent registered public accounting firm for each of the three financial years up to December 31, 2010. The following table sets out the aggregate fees for professional audit services and other services rendered by Deloitte Accountants B.V. and its member firms and/or affiliates in 2009 and 2010:
 
                                                 

 
   
    2009
                2010
             
    Deloitte
                Deloitte
             
    Accountants
    Deloitte
          Accountants
    Deloitte
       
Year ended December 31
  B.V.
    Network
    Total
    B.V.
    Network
    Total
 
(in thousands)  
EUR
   
EUR
   
EUR
   
EUR
   
EUR
   
EUR
 
Audit fees in relation to annual reports
    744             744       860             860  
Other audit fees
    40       407       447       40       584       624  
Audit-related fees
    75             75       75             75  
Tax fees
          723       723             598       598  
                                                 
Principal accountant fees and services
    859       1,130       1,989       975       1,182       2,157  
 
 
 
Audit fees and other audit fees
Audit fees primarily relate to the audit of our annual consolidated financial statements set out in our Annual Report on Form 20-F, our statutory annual report, agreed upon procedures on our quarterly financial results, services related to statutory and regulatory filings of ASML Holding N.V. and its subsidiaries and services in connection with accounting consultations on U.S. GAAP and IFRS.
 
 
Audit-related fees
Audit-related fees mainly related to various audit services not related to the Company’s consolidated financial statements, mainly statutory audits.
 
 
Tax fees
Tax fees can be detailed as follows:
 
                 

 
   
Year ended December 31
  2009
    2010
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR  
Corporate Income Tax compliance services
    113       350  
Tax assistance for expatriate employees
    172       163  
Other tax advisory and compliance
    438       85  
                 
Tax fees
    723       598  
 
 
 
The Audit Committee has approved the external audit plan and related audit fees for the year 2010. The Audit Committee has adopted a policy regarding audit and non-audit services, in consultation with Deloitte Accountants B.V. This policy ensures the independence of our auditors by expressly setting forth all services that the auditors may not perform and reinforcing the principle of independence regardless of the type of work performed. Certain non-audit services, such as certain tax-related services and acquisition advisory services, are permitted. The Audit Committee pre-approves all audit and non-audit services not specifically prohibited under this policy and reviews the annual external audit plan and any subsequent engagements.
 
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D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
Not applicable.
 
 
E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
The following table provides a summary of shares repurchased by the Company between 2006 and 2010:
 
                                                 

 
   
                                  Total value
 
                      Total Number
          of Shares
 
                      of Shares
    Maximum
    Purchased as
 
                Average
    Purchased as
    Number of
    Part of Publicly
 
                Price
    Part of Publicly
    Shares That May
    Announced
 
          Total Number of
    Paid per
    Announced
    Yet be Purchased
    Plans or
 
          Shares
    Share
    Plans or
    Under the
    Programs (in
 
Program   Period     purchased     (EUR)     Programs     Programs     EUR million)  
2006-2007 Share program
    May 17-26, 2006       6,412,920       15.59       6,412,920       19,037,376       100  
2006-2007 Share program
    June 7-30, 2006       13,517,078       15.81       19,929,998       5,520,298       314  
2006-2007 Share program
    July 3-13, 2006       5,520,298       15.62       25,450,296             400  
                                                 
2006-2007 Share program
    October 12, 2006       14,934,843       18.55       14,934,843             277  
                                                 
2006-2007 Share program
    February 14-23, 2007       8,000,000       19.53       8,000,000             156  
                                                 
Capital repayment program 2007
    September - October 2007       55,093,409       18.36       55,093,409             1,012  
                                                 
2007-2008 Share program
    November 14-26, 2007       9,000,000       22.62       9,000,000       5,000,000       204  
2007-2008 Share program
    January 17-22, 2008       5,000,000       17.52       14,000,000             292  
 
 
 
2006-2007 Share program
On March 23, 2006, the General Meeting of Shareholders authorized the repurchase of up to a maximum of 10.0 percent of our issued shares through September 23, 2007. The number of shares bought back in the initial phase of this Repurchase Program was 25,450,296 shares, representing 100 percent of the announced objective for the initial phase of the Repurchase Program of up to EUR 400.0 million and 5.25 percent of outstanding shares. This 2006 Repurchase Program was completed in the third quarter of 2006. Shares repurchased were recorded at cost and classified within shareholders’ equity. ASML cancelled these repurchased shares in 2007.
 
 
In the second phase of the Repurchase Program, ASML repurchased 14,934,843 additional shares pursuant to a call option transaction announced on October 9, 2006. These repurchased shares represented 100 percent of the announced objective of the second phase of the Repurchase Program. In order to mitigate the dilution due to the issuance of shares upon conversion of its convertible bond due October 2006, these shares were subsequently used to satisfy the conversion rights of holders of ASML’s 5.75 percent Convertible Subordinated Notes. The Company paid an aggregate of EUR 277.2 million in cash for these shares. This repurchase program was completed in the fourth quarter of 2006. These shares were purchased from a third party who issued the call option.
 
 
In February 2007, ASML repurchased the final phase of shares under the Repurchase Program of the remaining 1.7 percent of outstanding shares, being 8,000,000 shares. The share program was announced on February 14, 2007 and was completed in the first quarter of 2007. Shares repurchased have been used to cover outstanding stock options and to satisfy partly the conversion rights of holders of ASML’s 5.50 percent Convertible Subordinated Notes.
 
 
Capital repayment program 2007
On July 17, 2007 the Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders approved three proposals to amend the Company’s Articles of Association. The first amendment involved an increase of share capital by an increase in the nominal value per ordinary share from EUR 0.02 to EUR 2.12 and a corresponding reduction in share premium. The second amendment was a reduction of the nominal value per ordinary share from EUR 2.12 to EUR 0.08 resulting in the payment to shareholders of EUR 2.04 per ordinary share. The third amendment involved a reduction in stock, whereby 9 ordinary shares with a nominal value of EUR 0.08 each were consolidated into 8 ordinary shares with a nominal value of EUR 0.09 each. As a result of these amendments, which in substance constitute a synthetic share buyback, EUR 1,011.9 million has been repaid to our shareholders and the outstanding number of ordinary shares was reduced by 55,093,409 shares or 11.1 percent. The capital repayment program was completed in October 2007.
 
 
2007-2008 Share program
On March 28, 2007, the General Meeting of Shareholders authorized the repurchase of up to a maximum of three times 10.0 percent of our issued shares through September 28, 2008.
 
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In 2007, the aggregate number of shares bought back under the 2007-2008 share program was 9,000,000, representing 64.3 percent of the announced objective of 14,000,000 shares to be repurchased during a period ending on September 28, 2008. The share program was announced on October 17, 2007. Shares repurchased will be used to cover outstanding stock options.
 
 
In January 2008, ASML bought back 5,000,000 shares. The aggregate number of shares bought back up to and including January 2008, represents 100 percent of the announced objective of 14,000,000 shares.
 
 
Authorization of share repurchases
On March 24, 2010, the General Meeting of Shareholders authorized the repurchase of up to a maximum of three times 10.0 percent of our issued share capital as of the date of authorization (March 24, 2010) through September 24, 2011. The Company did not buyback any shares in 2010. As announced on January 19, 2011, ASML intends to repurchase up to EUR 1.0 billion of its own shares within the next two years and to increase dividend pay-out in respect of 2010 to EUR 0.40 per ordinary share of EUR 0.09 (subject to approval of the 2011 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders).
 
 
F. Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant
Not applicable.
 
 
G. Corporate governance
NASDAQ rules provide that foreign private issuers may follow home country practice in lieu of the NASDAQ corporate governance standards subject to certain exceptions and except to the extent that such exemptions would be contrary to US federal securities laws. The practices followed by ASML in lieu of NASDAQ rules are described below:
•  ASML does not follow NASDAQ’s quorum requirements applicable to meetings of ordinary shareholders. In accordance with Dutch law and Dutch generally accepted business practice, ASML’s Articles of Association provide that there are no quorum requirements generally applicable to General Meetings of Shareholders.
•  ASML does not follow NASDAQ’s requirements regarding the provision of proxy statements for General Meetings of Shareholders. Dutch law does not have a regulatory regime for the solicitation of proxies: the solicitation of proxies is not a generally accepted business practice in the Netherlands. ASML does provide shareholders with an agenda and other relevant documents for the General Meeting of Shareholders.
•  ASML does not follow NASDAQ’s requirement regarding distribution to shareholders of copies of an annual report containing audited financial statements prior to the Company’s Annual General Meeting of Shareholders. The distribution of annual reports to shareholders is not required under Dutch corporate law or Dutch securities laws, or by Euronext Amsterdam. Furthermore, it is generally accepted business practice for Dutch companies not to distribute annual reports. In part, this is because the Dutch system of bearer shares has made it impractical to keep a current list of holders of the bearer shares in order to distribute the annual reports. Instead, we make our annual report available at our corporate head office in the Netherlands (and at the offices of our Dutch listing agent as stated in the convening notice for the meeting) approximately two weeks prior to convocation of the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders. In addition, we post a copy of our annual report on our website prior to the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders.
•  ASML does not follow NASDAQ’s requirement to obtain shareholder approval of stock option or purchase plans or other equity compensation arrangements available to officers, directors or employees. It is not required under Dutch law or generally accepted practice for Dutch companies to obtain shareholder approval of equity compensation arrangements available to officers, directors or employees. The Annual General Meeting of Shareholders adopts the remuneration policy for the Board of Management, approves equity compensation arrangements for the Board of Management and approves the remuneration for the Supervisory Board. The actual total remuneration (including equity compensation) for individual members of the Board of Management is determined by the Supervisory Board. Equity compensation arrangements for employees are adopted by the Board of Management within limits approved by the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders.
 
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Part III
 
 
 
 
Item 17 Financial Statements
 
 
Not applicable.
 
 
Item 18 Financial Statements
 
 
In response to this item, the Company incorporates herein by reference the consolidated financial statements of the Company set out on pages F-2 through F-52 hereto.
 
 
Item 19 Exhibits
 
     

 
Exhibit No.   Description
1
  Articles of Association of ASML Holding N.V. (English translation) (Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 11 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A/A, filed with the Commission on November 2, 2007)
2.1
  Fiscal Agency Agreement between ASML Holding N.V., Deutsche Bank AG, London Branch and Deutsche Bank Luxembourg S.A. relating to the Registrant’s 5.75 percent Notes due 2017 (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2008)
4.1
  Agreement between ASM Lithography B.V. and Carl Zeiss, dated March 17, 2000 (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2000) #
4.2
  Agreement between ASML Holding N.V. and Carl Zeiss, dated October 24, 2003 (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2003) #
4.3
  Form of Indemnity Agreement between ASML Holding N.V. and members of its Board of Management (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2003)
4.4
  Form of Indemnity Agreement between ASML Holding N.V. and members of its Supervisory Board (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2003)
4.5
  Form of Employment Agreement for members of the Board of Management (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003)
4.6
  Nikon-ASML Patent Cross-License Agreement, dated December 10, 2004, between ASML Holding N.V. and Nikon Corporation (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004) #
4.7
  ASML/Zeiss Sublicense Agreement, 2004, dated December 10, 2004, between Carl Zeiss SMT AG and ASML Holding N.V. (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004) #
4.8
  ASML New Hires and Incentive Stock Option Plan For Management (Version 2003) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Statement on Form S-8, filed with the Commission on September 2, 2003 (File No. 333-109154))
4.9
  ASML Incentive and New Hire Option Plan for Board of Management (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed with the Commission on June 9, 2004 (File No. 333-116337))
4.10
  ASML Option Plan for Management of ASML Holding Group Companies (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on June 30, 2005 (file No. 333-126340))
4.11
  ASML Stock Option Plan for New Hire Options granted to Members of the Board of Management (Version April 2006) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on August 7, 2006 (file No. 333-136362))
4.12
  ASML Stock Option Plan for Incentive or New Hire Options granted to Senior and Executive Management (Version April 2006) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on August 7, 2006 (file No. 333-136362))
4.13
  ASML Stock Option Plan for Incentive or New Hire Options granted to Senior and Executive Management (Version July 2006) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on August 7, 2006 (file No. 333-136362))
4.14
  ASML Stock Option Plan for Incentive or New Hire Options granted to Senior and Executive Management (Version October 2006) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on August 7, 2006 (file No. 333-136362))
4.15
  ASML Restricted Stock Plan (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on March 7, 2007 (file No. 333-141125))
4.16
  Brion Technologies, Inc., 2002 Stock Option Plan (as amended on March 25, 2005; March 24, 2006; and November 17, 2006) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on April 20, 2007 (file No. 333-142254))
4.17
  ASML Stock Option Plan for Incentive or New Hire Options granted to Senior and Executive Management (Version January 2007) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on July 5, 2007 (file No. 333-144356))
 
ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2010
62


Table of Contents

     

 
Exhibit No.   Description
4.18
  ASML Stock Option Plan for Incentive or New Hire Options granted to Senior and Executive Management (Version April 2007) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on July 5, 2007 (file No. 333-144356))
4.19
  ASML Stock Option Plan for Incentive or New Hire Options granted to Senior and Executive Management (Version July 2007) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on July 5, 2007 (file No. 333-144356))
4.20
  ASML Stock Option Plan for Incentive or New Hire Options granted to Senior and Executive Management (Version October 2007) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on July 5, 2007 (file No. 333-144356))
4.21
  ASML Performance Stock Plan for Members of the Board of Management (Version 1) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on July 5, 2007 (file No. 333-144356))
4.22
  ASML Performance Stock Option Plan for Members of the Board of Management (Version 2) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on July 5, 2007 (file No. 333-144356))
4.23
  ASML Stock Option Plan from Base Salary for Senior & Executive Management (Version October 2007) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on November 2, 2007 (file No. 333-147128))
4.24
  ASML Performance Stock Option Plan for Senior and Executive Management (version 1) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on August 29, 2008 (file No. 333-153277))
4.25
  ASML Performance Share Plan for Senior and Executive Management (version 1) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on August 29, 2008 (file No. 333-153277))
4.26
  ASML Restricted Stock Plan (version 2) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on August 29, 2008 (file No. 333-153277))
4.27
  ASML Performance Stock Plan for Members of the Board of Management (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on October 13, 2009 (file No. 333-162439))
4.28
  ASML Performance Stock Option Plan for Senior and Executive Management (version 1) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on October 13, 2009 (file No. 333-162439))
4.29
  ASML Performance Share Plan for Senior and Executive Management (version 1) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on October 13, 2009 (file No. 333-162439))
4.30
  ASML Share and Option Purchase Plan for Employees (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement of Form S-8 filed with the Commission on October 20, 2010 (file No. 333-170034)
8.1
  List of Subsidiaries*
12.1
  Certification of CEO and CFO Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934*
13.1
  Certification of CEO and CFO Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
15.1
  Consent of Deloitte Accountants B.V.*
 
Filed at the Commission herewith
Certain information omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission
 
 
ASML Holding N.V. hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
 
 
ASML Holding N.V.
(Registrant)
 
 
/s/  Eric Meurice
Eric Meurice
President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Management
Dated: February 14, 2011
 
 
/s/  Peter T.F.M. Wennink
Peter T.F.M. Wennink
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Member of the Board of Management
Dated: February 14, 2011
 
ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2010
63


Table of Contents


Table of Contents

ASML Logo 
 
Financial Statements 


Table of Contents

 
ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2010


 

 
Index to Financial Statements
 
     
F-2
  Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010
F-2
  Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010
F-3
  Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2009 and 2010
F-4
  Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity as of December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010
F-5
  Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010
F-6
  Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
F-52
  Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2010
F-1


Table of Contents

 
 
Consolidated Statements of Operations
 
                             

 
   
    Year ended December 31
  2008
    2009
    2010
 
Notes   (in thousands, except per share data)   EUR     EUR     EUR  
                             
                             
19
  Net system sales     2,516,762       1,174,858       3,894,742  
    Net service and field option sales     436,916       421,205       613,196  
                             
                             
                             
19
  Total net sales     2,953,678       1,596,063       4,507,938  
                             
    Cost of system sales     1,631,069       852,417       2,222,965  
    Cost of service and field option sales     307,095       285,254       329,803  
                             
                             
                             
21
  Total cost of sales     1,938,164       1,137,671       2,552,768  
                             
                             
                             
    Gross profit on sales     1,015,514       458,392       1,955,170  
21, 22
  Research and development costs     516,128       466,761       523,426  
21
  Selling, general and administrative costs1     210,172       154,756       181,045  
                             
                             
                             
    Income (loss) from operations     289,214       (163,125 )     1,250,699  
23
  Interest income     72,497       42,766       15,125  
23
  Interest expense1     (52,067 )     (51,191 )     (23,301 )
                             
                             
                             
    Income (loss) from operations before income taxes     309,644       (171,550 )     1,242,523  
18
  (Provision for) benefit from income taxes     12,726       20,625       (220,703 )
                             
                             
                             
    Net income (loss)     322,370       (150,925 )     1,021,820  
    Basic net income (loss) per ordinary share     0.75       (0.35 )     2.35  
    Diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share2     0.74       (0.35 )     2.33  
    Number of ordinary shares used in computing per share amounts (in thousands)                        
    Basic     431,620       432,615       435,146  
    Diluted2     434,205       432,615       438,974  
 
 
As of January 1, 2010 ASML adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810 “Amendments to FIN 46(R)” which resulted in the consolidation of the Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”) that owns ASML’s headquarters in Veldhoven, the Netherlands. The comparative figures for 2008 and 2009 have been adjusted to reflect this change in accounting policy. See Note 1 and Note 11.
The calculation of diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share assumes the exercise of options issued under ASML stock option plans and the issue of shares under ASML share plans for periods in which exercises or issues would have a dilutive effect. The calculation of diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share does not assume exercise of such options or issue of shares when such exercises or issue would be anti-dilutive.
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
 
                             

 
   
    Year ended December 31
  2008
    2009
    2010
 
Notes   (in thousands)   EUR     EUR     EUR  
                             
                             
    Net income (loss)     322,370       (150,925 )     1,021,820  
3
  Gain (loss) on foreign currency translation, net of taxes     (12,734 )     (8,592 )     22,286  
3
  Gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net of taxes     (43,579 )     6,494       (1,221 )
                             
                             
                             
    Comprehensive income (loss)     266,057       (153,023 )     1,042,885  
 
 
ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2010
F-2


Table of Contents

 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
                     

 
   
    As of December 31
  2009
    2010
 
Notes   (in thousands, except share and per share data)   EUR     EUR  
                     
                     
    Assets                
4
  Cash and cash equivalents     1,037,074       1,949,834  
5
  Accounts receivable, net     377,439       1,123,534  
6
  Finance receivables, net     21,553       12,648  
18
  Current tax assets     11,286       12,678  
7
  Inventories, net     963,382       1,497,180  
18
  Deferred tax assets     119,404       134,429  
8
  Other assets     218,746       214,162  
                     
                     
                     
    Total current assets     2,748,884       4,944,465  
                     
6
  Finance receivables, net           28,905  
18
  Deferred tax assets     133,263       71,008  
8
  Other assets     77,054       235,712  
9
  Goodwill     131,462       141,286  
10
  Other intangible assets, net     18,128       13,651  
11
  Property, plant and equipment, net1     655,360       745,331  
                     
                     
                     
    Total non-current assets     1,015,267       1,235,893  
                     
                     
    Total assets     3,764,151       6,180,358  
                     
    Liabilities and shareholders’ equity                
    Accounts payable     206,226       555,397  
12
  Accrued and other liabilities     817,361       1,518,749  
18
  Current tax liabilities     15,032       61,197  
13
  Provisions     2,504       2,250  
18
  Deferred and other tax liabilities     3,047       18,223  
                     
                     
                     
    Total current liabilities     1,044,170       2,155,816  
                     
14
  Long-term debt1     699,756       710,060  
18
  Deferred and other tax liabilities     188,404       155,693  
13
  Provisions     12,694       11,811  
12
  Accrued and other liabilities     44,359       373,070  
                     
                     
                     
    Total non-current liabilities     945,213       1,250,634  
                     
    Total liabilities     1,989,383       3,406,450  
                     
15, 17
  Commitments and contingencies            
                     
    Cumulative Preference Shares; EUR 0.02 nominal value; 3,150,005,000 shares authorized;                
    none issued and outstanding at December 31, 2009 and 2010            
                     
    Ordinary Shares; EUR 0.09 nominal value; 700,000,000 shares authorized;
433,638,976 outstanding at December 31, 2009;
436,592,972 outstanding at December 31, 2010;
EUR 0.01 nominal value; 10,000 shares authorized;
none issued and outstanding at December 31, 2009 and 2010
    39,028       39,293  
    Share premium     476,261       471,253  
    Treasury shares at cost     (218,203 )     (151,672 )
    Retained earnings     1,450,156       2,366,443  
    Accumulated other comprehensive income     27,526       48,591  
                     
                     
                     
25
  Total shareholders’ equity     1,774,768       2,773,908  
                     
    Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity     3,764,151       6,180,358  
 
 
As of January 1, 2010 ASML adopted ASC 810 “Amendments to FIN 46(R)” which resulted in the consolidation of the VIE that owns ASML’s headquarters in Veldhoven, the Netherlands. The comparative figures for 2009 have been adjusted to reflect this change in accounting policy. See Note 1 and Note 11.
 
ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2010
F-3


Table of Contents

 
 
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
 
                                                             
 
   
                          Treasury
          Accumulated
       
        Issued and outstanding Shares     Share
    Shares
    Retained
    Other Comprehensive
       
              Amount
    Premium
    at cost
    Earnings
    Income
    Total
 
Notes   (in thousands)   Number1
    EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR  
    Balance at January 1, 2008     435,626       39,206       463,846       (198,893 )     1,500,908       85,937       1,891,004  
                                                             
    Components of comprehensive income:                                                        
    Net income                             322,370             322,370  
3
  Foreign Currency Translation, net of taxes                                   (12,734 )     (12,734 )
3
  Loss on derivative instruments, net of taxes                                   (43,579 )     (43,579 )
16, 20, 21
  Share-based payments                 13,535                         13,535  
    Purchase of shares in conjunction with                                                        
26
  share-based payment plans     (5,000 )     (450 )           (87,155 )                 (87,605 )
16, 20
  Issuance of shares and stock options     1,448       131       (4,760 )     32,612       (16,508 )           11,475  
25
  Dividend paid                             (107,841 )           (107,841 )
    Tax benefit from stock options                 2,144                         2,144  
                                                             
    Balance at December 31, 2008     432,074       38,887       474,765       (253,436 )     1,698,929       29,624       1,988,769  
                                                             
    Components of comprehensive income:                                                        
    Net loss                             (150,925 )           (150,925 )
3
  Foreign Currency Translation, net of taxes                                   (8,592 )     (8,592 )
3
  Gain on derivative instruments, net of taxes                                   6,494       6,494  
                                                             
16, 20, 21
  Share-based payments                 13,394                         13,394  
16, 20
  Issuance of shares and stock options     1,565       141       (13,852 )     35,233       (11,362 )           10,160  
25
  Dividend paid                             (86,486 )           (86,486 )
    Tax benefit from stock options                 1,954                         1,954  
                                                             
    Balance at December 31, 2009     433,639       39,028       476,261       (218,203 )     1,450,156       27,526       1,774,768  
                                                             
    Components of comprehensive income:                                                        
    Net income                             1,021,820             1,021,820  
3
  Foreign Currency Translation, net of taxes                                   22,286       22,286  
3
  Loss on derivative instruments, net of taxes                                   (1,221 )     (1,221 )
                                                             
16, 20, 21
  Share-based payments                 12,109                         12,109  
16, 20
  Issuance of shares and stock options     2,954       265       (17,223 )     66,531       (18,573 )           31,000  
25
  Dividend paid                             (86,960 )           (86,960 )
    Tax benefit from stock options                 106                         106  
                                                             
    Balance at December 31, 2010     436,593       39,293       471,253       (151,672 )     2,366,443       48,591       2,773,908  
 
 
As of December 31, 2010, the number of issued shares was 444,480,095. This includes the number of issued and outstanding shares of 436,592,972 and the number of treasury shares of 7,887,123. As of December 31, 2009, the number of issued shares was 444,480,095. This includes the number of issued and outstanding shares of 433,638,976 and the number of treasury shares of 10,841,119.
 
ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2010
F-4


Table of Contents

 
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
 
                             

 
   
    Year ended December 31
  2008
    2009
    2010
 
Notes   (in thousands)   EUR     EUR     EUR  
    Cash Flows from Operating Activities                        
    Net income (loss)     322,370       (150,925 )     1,021,820  
                             
    Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash flows from operating activities:                        
10, 11
  Depreciation and amortization1     121,423       141,631       151,444  
9, 10, 11
  Impairment     25,109       15,896       8,563  
11
  Loss on disposals of property, plant and equipment2     4,257       4,053       2,913  
16, 20
  Share-based payments     13,535       13,394       12,109  
5
  Allowance for doubtful debts     188       1,889       (1,256 )
7
  Allowance for obsolete inventory     139,628       86,636       55,691  
18
  Deferred income taxes     (34,155 )     (49,423 )     28,053  
    Changes in assets and liabilities:                        
5
  Accounts receivable     169,402       81,838       (748,898 )
6
  Finance receivables     (37,255 )     15,702       (20,000 )
7
  Inventories2     (87,804 )     (158,024 )     (706,233 )
8
  Other assets     (76,342 )     4,893       (114,003 )
    Accounts payable     (94,375 )     10,430       350,231  
18
  Current income taxes     (158,277 )     71,267       36,695  
12, 13
  Other liabilities     (24,725 )     9,937       862,919  
                             
    Net cash provided by operating activities     282,979       99,194       940,048  
                             
    Cash Flows from Investing Activities                        
11
  Purchases of property, plant and equipment2     (259,770 )     (104,959 )     (128,728 )
11
  Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment2           6,877       3,825  
10
  Purchases of intangible assets     (35 )            
                             
    Net cash used in investing activities     (259,805 )     (98,082 )     (124,903 )
                             
    Cash Flows from Financing Activities                        
26
  Purchase of shares in conjunction with share-based payments     (87,605 )            
16, 20
  Net proceeds from issuance of shares and stock options     11,475       11,073       31,000  
25
  Dividend paid     (107,841 )     (86,486 )     (86,960 )
    Deposits from customers                 150,000  
14
  Net proceeds from other long-term debt           32        
14
  Repayment of debt1     (4,644 )     (1,447 )     (1,444 )
16, 18
  Tax benefits from stock options     2,144       1,954       106  
                             
    Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities     (186,471 )     (74,874 )     92,702  
                             
    Net cash flows     (163,297 )     (73,762 )     907,847  
    Effect of changes in exchange rates on cash     845       1,652       4,913  
                             
    Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents     (162,452 )     (72,110 )     912,760  
4
  Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year     1,271,636       1,109,184       1,037,074  
                             
4
  Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year     1,109,184       1,037,074       1,949,834  
                             
    Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:                        
    Interest paid1     42,416       42,123       35,559  
    Taxes paid (received)     167,360       (36,705 )     148,915  
 
 
As of January 1, 2010 ASML adopted ASC 810 “Amendments to FIN 46(R)” which resulted in the consolidation of the VIE that owns ASML’s headquarters in Veldhoven, the Netherlands. The comparative figures for 2008 and 2009 have been adjusted to reflect this change in accounting policy. See Note 1 and Note 11.
An amount of EUR 214.1 million (2009: EUR 159.0 million, 2008: EUR 62.3 million) of the additions in property, plant and equipment relates to non-cash transfers from inventory and an amount of EUR 110.4 million (2009: EUR 27.8 million, 2008: EUR 27.8 million) of the disposals of property, plant and equipment relates to non-cash transfers to inventory.
 
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
 
 
1. General information/Summary of significant accounting policies
ASML Holding N.V., with its corporate headquarters in Veldhoven, the Netherlands, is engaged in the development, production, marketing, sale and servicing of advanced semiconductor equipment systems exclusively consisting of lithography systems. ASML’s principal operations are in the Netherlands, the United States of America and Asia.
 
 
The Company’s shares are listed for trading in the form of registered shares on NASDAQ Global Select Market (“New York shares”) and on Euronext Amsterdam (“Amsterdam Shares”). The principal trading market of the Company’s ordinary shares is Euronext Amsterdam.
 
 
Basis of preparation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements are stated in thousands of euros (“EUR”) unless indicated otherwise.
 
 
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).
 
 
Use of estimates
The preparation of ASML’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities on the balance sheet dates, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
 
 
Principles of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of ASML Holding N.V. and all of its subsidiaries and the variable interest entities in which the Company is the primary beneficiary (together referred to as “ASML” or the “Company). All intercompany profits, balances and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidation.
 
 
Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are all entities over which ASML has the power to govern financial and operating policies generally accompanying a shareholding of more than one-half of the voting rights. As from the date that these criteria are met, the financial data of the relevant company are included in the consolidation.
 
 
Acquisitions of subsidiaries are included on the basis of the ‘purchase accounting’ method. The cost of acquisition is measured as the cash payment made, the fair value of other assets distributed and the fair value of liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of exchange, plus the costs that can be allocated directly to the acquisition. The excess of the costs of an acquired subsidiary over the net of the amounts assigned to assets acquired and liabilities incurred or assumed is capitalized as goodwill.
 
 
Variable Interest Entities
The Company assesses whether it has a controlling financial interest in any Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”) identified and, thus, if it is the VIE’s primary beneficiary. ASML shall be deemed to have a controlling financial interest in a VIE if it has both of the following characteristics: a. The power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and b. The obligation to absorb losses of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. If ASML has a controlling financial interest in a VIE, it is required to consolidate the VIE.
 
 
Foreign currency translation
The financial information for subsidiaries outside the euro-zone is generally measured using local currencies as the functional currency. The financial statements of those foreign subsidiaries are translated into euros in the preparation of ASML’s consolidated financial statements. Assets and liabilities are translated into euros at the exchange rate in effect on the respective balance sheet dates. Income and expenses are translated into euros based on the average exchange rate for the corresponding period. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded directly in shareholders’ equity. Currency differences on intercompany loans that have the nature of a long-term investment are also accounted for directly in shareholders’ equity.
 
 
Derivative instruments
The Company principally uses derivative hedging instruments for the management of foreign currency risks and interest rate risks. The Company measures all derivative hedging instruments based on fair values derived from market prices of the instruments. The Company adopts hedge accounting for hedges that are highly effective in offsetting the identified hedged risks taking into account required effectiveness criteria.
 
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Derivatives are initially recognized at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently remeasured at their fair value. The method of recognizing the resulting gain or loss depends on whether the derivative is designated as a hedging instrument, and if so, the nature of the item being hedged. The Company designates certain derivatives as either:
•  A hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of a recognized asset or liability, or of an unrecognized firm commitment, that are attributable to a particular risk (fair value hedge);
•  A hedge of the exposure to variability in the cash flows of a recognized asset or liability, or of a forecasted transaction, that is attributable to a particular risk (cash flow hedge); or
•  A hedge of the foreign currency exposure of a net investment in a foreign operation (net investment hedge). In 2009, the Company decided to no longer hedge these U.S. dollar net investments exposures.
 
 
The Company documents at the inception of the transaction the relationship between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategy for undertaking various hedging transactions. The Company also documents its assessment, both at hedge inception and on an ongoing basis, of whether derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of hedged items.
 
 
Fair value hedge
Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is designated and qualifies as a fair value hedge, along with the gain or loss on the hedged asset or liability that is attributable to the hedged risk, are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company designates foreign currency hedging instruments as a hedge of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability in non-functional currencies. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion of foreign currency hedging instruments is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations as “net sales” or “cost of sales”.
 
 
Interest rate swaps that are being used to hedge the fair value of fixed loan coupons payable are designated as fair value hedges. The change in fair value is intended to offset the change in the fair value of the underlying fixed loan coupons, which is recorded accordingly.
 
 
The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion of interest rate swaps hedging fixed loan coupons payable is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations as “interest income” or “interest expense”.
 
 
Cash flow hedge
Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is designated and qualifies as a cash flow hedge are recorded in other comprehensive income, net of taxes, until the underlying hedged transaction is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations. In the event that the underlying hedge transaction will not occur within the specified time period, the gain or loss on the related cash flow hedge is released from other comprehensive income and included in the consolidated statements of operations, unless, extenuating circumstances exist that are related to the nature of the forecasted transaction and are outside the control or influence of the Company and which cause the forecasted transaction to be probable of occurring on a date that is beyond the specified time period.
 
 
Foreign currency hedging instruments that are being used to hedge cash flows related to forecasted sales or purchase transactions in non-functional currencies are designated as cash flow hedges. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion of the foreign currency hedging instruments is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations in “sales” or “cost of sales”.
 
 
Interest rate swaps that are being used to hedge changes in the variability of future interest receipts are designated as cash flow hedges. The changes in fair value of the derivatives are intended to offset changes in future interest cash flows on the assets. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion of interest rate swaps hedging the variability of future interest receipts is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations as “interest income” or “interest expense”.
 
 
Net investment hedge
Foreign currency hedging instruments that are being used to hedge changes in the value of a net investment are designated as net investment hedges. Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is designated and qualifies as a net investment hedge are recorded in other comprehensive income, net of taxes. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations as “interest income” or “interest expense”. Gains and losses accumulated in other comprehensive income are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations when the foreign operation is (partially) disposed or sold. Prior to 2009, the Company managed its material currency translation exposures resulting predominantly from ASML’s U.S. dollar net investments by hedging these partly with forward contracts. In 2009, the Company decided to no longer hedge these U.S. dollar net investments exposures.
 
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Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of highly liquid investments, such as bank deposits, money market funds and interest-bearing bank accounts with insignificant interest rate risk and remaining maturities of three months or less at the date of acquisition.
 
 
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or market value. Cost includes net prices paid for materials purchased, charges for freight and customs duties, production labor cost and factory overhead. Allowances are made for slow-moving, obsolete or unsellable inventory.
 
 
Allowances for inventory are determined based on the expected demand which is derived from the sales forecasts as well as the expected market value of the inventory.
 
 
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the costs of an acquisition over the fair value of Company’s share of the identifiable net assets of the acquired subsidiary at the date of acquisition. Goodwill on acquisition of subsidiaries is allocated to reporting units for the purpose of impairment testing. The allocation is made to those reporting units that are expected to benefit from the business combination in which the goodwill arose. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually on September 30 and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the goodwill may not be recoverable. Goodwill is stated at cost less accumulated impairment losses.
 
 
Other intangible assets
Other intangible assets include acquired intellectual property rights, developed technology, customer relationships and other intangible assets. Other intangible assets are stated at cost, less accumulated amortization and any accumulated impairment losses. Amortization is calculated using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the assets. The following table presents the estimated useful lives of ASML’s other intangible assets:
 
         

 
   
Category   Estimated useful life  
Intellectual property
    3 – 10 years  
Developed technology
    6 years  
Customer relationships
    8 years  
Other
    2 – 6 years  
 
 
 
Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Costs of assets manufactured by ASML include direct manufacturing costs, production overhead and interest costs incurred for qualifying assets during the construction period. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the related assets. In the case of leasehold improvements, the estimated useful lives of the related assets do not exceed the remaining term of the corresponding lease.
 
 
The following table presents the estimated useful lives of ASML’s property, plant and equipment:
 
         

 
   
Category   Estimated useful life  
Buildings and constructions
    5 – 40 years  
Machinery and equipment
    2 – 5 years  
Leasehold improvements
    5 – 10 years  
Furniture, fixtures and other equipment
    3 – 5 years  
 
Land is not depreciated.
 
 
Certain internal and external costs associated with the purchase and/or development of internally used software are capitalized when both the preliminary project stage is completed and management has authorized further funding for the project, which it has deemed probable to be completed and to be usable for the intended function. These costs are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the period of related benefit, which ranges primarily from three to five years.
 
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Evaluation of long-lived assets for impairment
Long-lived assets include goodwill, other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment.
 
 
Goodwill is tested for impairment annually on September 30 and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the goodwill may not be recoverable. The test is based on a two-step approach. First, the recoverability is tested by comparing the carrying amount of the goodwill with the fair value being the sum of the discounted future cash flows. If the carrying amount of the goodwill at reporting unit level is higher than the fair value of the goodwill, the second step should be performed. The goodwill impairment is measured as the excess of the carrying amount of the goodwill over its implied fair value. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined by calculating the fair value of the various assets and liabilities included in the reporting unit in the same manner as goodwill is determined in a business combination.
 
 
Other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of those assets may not be recoverable. Other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are tested for impairment based on a two-step approach. First, the recoverability is tested by comparing the carrying amount of the other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment with the fair value being the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows. Second, if the carrying amount of the other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment is higher than the fair value the assets are considered to be impaired. An impairment expense is recognized as the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment.
 
 
Provisions
Provisions include employee contract termination benefits and lease contract termination costs.
 
 
Provisions for employee contract termination benefits are recognized when ASML is demonstrably committed to either terminating the employment of current employees according to a detailed formal plan where there is no possibility of withdrawal, or when ASML provides termination benefits as a result of an offer made to encourage voluntary redundancy. The timing of recognition and measurement of the provision for employee termination benefits depends on whether employees are required to render service until their employment is terminated in order to receive the termination benefits. If employees are not required to render services beyond the minimum retention period, the provision will be recognized at the communication date. If employees are required to render services beyond the minimum retention period the provision will be recognized ratably over the future service period. The provisions are measured at fair value.
 
 
Provisions for lease contract termination costs are recognized when costs will continue to be incurred under a contract for its remaining term without economic benefit to the Company and the Company ceases using the rights conveyed by the contract. The provisions are measured at fair value which for an operating lease contract is determined based on the remaining lease payments reduced by the estimated sublease payments that could be reasonably obtained.
 
 
Revenue recognition
The Company recognizes revenue when all four revenue recognition criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; seller’s price to buyer is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured. At ASML, this policy generally results in revenue recognition from the sale of a system upon shipment. The revenue from the installation of a system is generally recognized upon completion of that installation at the customer site. Each system undergoes, prior to shipment, a “Factory Acceptance Test” in the Company’s clean room facilities, effectively replicating the operating conditions that will be present on the customer’s site, in order to verify whether the system will meet its standard specifications and any additional technical and performance criteria agreed with the customer. A system is shipped, and revenue is recognized, only after all specifications are met and customer sign-off is received or waived. In case not all specifications are met and the remaining performance obligation is not essential to the functionality of the system but is substantive rather than inconsequential or perfunctory, a portion of the sales price is deferred. Each system’s performance is re-tested upon installation at the customer’s site, the Company has never failed to successfully complete installation of a system at a customer’s premises.
 
 
In 2010, we shipped our first second-generation EUV system to a customer’s manufacturing site, and as a result, we deferred revenue from new technology systems for an amount of EUR 38.5 million as of December 31, 2010 (2009 and 2008: no revenue from new technology was deferred). During 2010, 2009 and 2008, the Company did not recognize any revenue from new technology that had previously been deferred.
 
 
In connection with the introduction of new technology, such as our second-generation EUV systems, we initially defer revenue recognition until completion of installation and acceptance of the new technology based system at customer premises. Any such deferral of revenues, however, could have a material effect on ASML’s results of operations for the period in which the deferral occurred and on the succeeding periods. As our systems are based largely on two product platforms that permit incremental, modular upgrades, the introduction of genuinely “new” technology occurs infrequently, and in the past 12 years, has occurred on only two occasions: 2010 (EUV) and 1999 (TWINSCAN).
 
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With respect to the third-generation EUV systems which are expected to be available for shipment to customers from 2012 onwards, the Company is currently assessing the conditions upon which revenue would be recognized and whether or not amounts should be deferred. Any such deferral of revenues could have a material effect on ASML’s results of operations for the period in which the deferral occurred and on the succeeding periods.
 
 
ASML has no significant repurchase commitments in its general sales terms and conditions. From time to time the Company repurchases systems that it has manufactured and sold and, following refurbishment, resells those systems to other customers. This repurchase decision is driven by market demand expressed by other customers and not by explicit or implicit contractual arrangements relating to the initial sale. The Company considers reasonable offers from any vendor, including customers, to repurchase used systems so that it can refurbish, resell and install these systems as part of its normal business operations. Once repurchased, the repurchase price of the used system is recorded in work-in-process inventory during the period it is being refurbished, following which the refurbished system is reflected in finished products inventory until it is sold to the customer. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, ASML had no repurchase commitments.
 
 
The main portion of ASML’s revenue is derived from contractual arrangements with the Company’s customers that have multiple deliverables, such as installation and training services and prepaid extended and enhanced (optic) warranty contracts. The revenue relating to the undelivered elements of the arrangements is deferred at fair value until delivery of these elements. The fair value is determined by vendor specific objective evidence (“VSOE”), except for the fair value of the prepaid extended and enhanced (optic) warranty contracts, which is based on the list price. VSOE is determined based upon the prices that ASML charges for installation and comparable services (such as relocating a system to another customer site) on a stand-alone basis, which are subject to normal price negotiations. Revenue from installation and training services is recognized when the services are completed. Revenue from prepaid extended and enhanced (optic) warranty contracts is recognized over the term of the contract.
 
 
The deferred revenue balance from installation and training services as of December 31, 2010 amounted to EUR 10.1 million (2009: EUR 3.0 million) and EUR 12.7 million (2009: EUR 10.4 million), respectively.
 
 
The deferred revenue balance from prepaid extended and enhanced (optic) warranty contracts as of December 31, 2010 amounted to EUR 243.4 million (2009: EUR 125.9 million).
 
 
ASML offers customers discounts in the normal course of sales negotiations. These discounts are directly deducted from the gross sales price at the moment of revenue recognition. From time to time, ASML offers volume discounts to its customers. In some instances these volume discounts can be used to purchase field options (system enhancements). The related amount is recorded as a reduction in revenue at time of shipment. From time to time, ASML offers free or discounted products or services (award credits) to its customers as part of a volume purchase agreement. The sales transaction that gives rise to these award credits is accounted for as a multiple element revenue transaction as the agreements involve the delivery of multiple products. The consideration received from the sales transaction is allocated between the award credits and the other elements of the sales transaction. The consideration allocated to the award credits is recognized as deferred revenue until award credits are delivered to the customer. The amount allocable to a delivered item is limited to the amount that is not contingent upon the delivery of additional items or meeting other specified performance conditions (the non-contingent amount).
 
 
Revenues are recognized excluding the taxes levied on revenues (net basis).
 
 
Warranty
The Company provides standard warranty coverage on its systems for 12 months and on certain optic parts for 60 months, providing labor and parts necessary to repair systems and optic parts during the warranty period. The estimated costs for a standard warranty are accounted for by accruing these costs for each system upon recognition of the system sale. Based upon historical service records, the Company calculates the charge of average service hours and parts per system to determine the estimated warranty costs. On a semi-annual basis, the Company assesses, and updates if necessary, its accounting estimates used to calculate the standard warranty reserve based on the latest actual historical warranty costs and expected future warranty costs.
 
 
The extended and enhanced (optic) warranty on the Company’s systems is accounted for as a separate element of multiple element revenue recognition transactions.
 
 
Accounting for shipping and handling fees and costs
ASML bills the customer for, and recognizes as revenue, any charges for shipping and handling costs. The related costs are recognized as cost of sales.
 
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Cost of sales
Cost of system sales comprise direct product costs such as materials, labor, cost of warranty, depreciation, shipping and handling costs and related overhead costs. ASML accrues for the estimated cost of the warranty on its systems, which includes the cost of labor and parts necessary to repair systems during the warranty period. The amounts recorded in the warranty accrual are estimated based on actual historical expenses incurred and on estimated probable future expenses related to current sales. Actual warranty costs are charged against the accrued warranty reserve.
 
 
Costs of service sales comprise direct service costs such as materials, labor, depreciation and overhead costs.
 
 
Cost of field option sales comprise direct product costs such as materials, labor, cost of warranty, shipping and handling costs and related overhead costs.
 
 
Research and development costs and credits
Costs relating to research and development (“R&D”) are charged to operating expenses as incurred. ASML receives subsidies and other credits from several Dutch and international (inter)governmental institutes. These subsidies and other governmental credits that cover R&D costs relating to approved projects are recorded as R&D costs in the consolidated statements of operations in the period in which such costs occur.
 
 
Share-based payments
The cost of employee services received (compensation expenses) in exchange for awards of equity instruments are recognized based upon the fair value of stock options and shares at the grant-date. The grant-date fair value of stock options is estimated using a Black-Scholes option valuation model. This Black-Scholes model requires the use of assumptions, including expected share price volatility, the estimated life of each award and the estimated dividend yield. The risk-free interest rate used in the model is determined, based on a euro government bond with a life equal to the expected life of the equity-settled share-based payments. The grant-date fair value of shares is determined based on the closing price of the Company’s ordinary shares on the Euronext Amsterdam.
 
 
The grant-date fair value of the equity-settled share-based payments is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the Company’s estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest. At each balance sheet date, the Company revises its estimate of the number of equity instruments expected to vest. The impact of the revision of the original estimates, if any, is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations in the period in which the revision is determined, with a corresponding adjustment to equity.
 
 
The Company makes quarterly assessments of the adequacy of the (hypothetical) tax pool to determine whether there are tax deficiencies that require recognition in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company has selected the alternative transition method (under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 718) in order to calculate the tax pool.
 
 
The Company’s current share-based payment plans do not provide for cash settlement of options and stock.
 
 
Income taxes
The asset and liability method is used in accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the tax effect of incurred net operating losses and for tax consequences attributable to differences between the balance sheet carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. If it is more likely than not that the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the carrying amounts of those assets.
 
 
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations in the period that includes the enactment date.
 
 
On January 1, 2007 the Company adopted the provisions of FIN 48 “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes” after codification included in ASC 740. ASC 740 clarifies the accounting for income taxes by prescribing a minimum recognition threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. ASC 740 also provides guidance on derecognition, measurement, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition.
 
 
Contingencies and litigation
The Company is party to various legal proceedings generally incidental to its business, as disclosed in Note 17. In connection with these proceedings and claims the Company’s management evaluated, based on the relevant facts and legal principles, the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome and whether the amount of the loss could be reasonably estimated. In most cases, management determined that either a loss was not probable or was not reasonably estimable. In 2010, an amount of
 
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EUR 1.5 million loss was recorded as a charge to the Company’s consolidated statements of operations (2009 and 2008: no estimated losses were recorded). Significant subjective judgments were required in these evaluations, including judgments regarding the validity of asserted claims and the likely outcome of legal and administrative proceedings. The outcome of these proceedings, however, is subject to a number of factors beyond the Company’s control, most notably the uncertainty associated with predicting decisions by courts and administrative agencies. In addition, estimates of the potential costs associated with legal and administrative proceedings frequently cannot be subjected to any sensitivity analysis, as damage estimates or settlement offers by claimants may bear little or no relation to the eventual outcome. Finally, in any particular proceeding, the Company may agree to settle or to terminate a claim or proceeding in which it believes that it would ultimately prevail where it believes that doing so, when taken together with other relevant commercial considerations, is more cost-effective than engaging in an expensive and protracted litigation, the outcome of which is uncertain.
 
 
The Company accrues for legal costs related to litigation in its consolidated statements of operations at the time when the related legal services are actually provided to it.
 
 
Net income (loss) per ordinary share
Basic net income (loss) per ordinary share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding for that period. Diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if all options issued under ASML’s share-based payment plan were exercised and the underlying shares had been issued, unless this would have an anti-dilutive effect. The dilutive effect is calculated using the treasury stock method. Excluded from the diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding calculation are cumulative preference shares contingently issuable to the preference share foundation, since they represent a different class of stock than the ordinary shares. See Note 25 for further discussion.
 
 
The basic and diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share has been calculated in accordance with the following schedule:
 
                         

 
   
Year ended December 31
  2008
    2009
    2010
 
(in thousands, except per share data)   EUR     EUR     EUR  
Net income (loss)
    322,370       (150,925 )     1,021,820  
                         
Weighted average number of shares outstanding (after deduction of treasury stock) during the year
    431,620       432,615       435,146  
                         
Basic net income (loss) per ordinary share
    0.75       (0.35 )     2.35  
                         
                         
Weighted average number of shares:
    431,620       432,615       435,146  
Plus shares applicable to:
                       
Options and restricted shares1
    2,585             3,828  
                         
Dilutive potential ordinary shares
    2,585             3,828  
                         
Adjusted weighted average number of shares
    434,205       432,615       438,974  
                         
                         
Diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share1
    0.74       (0.35 )     2.33  
 
 
The calculation of diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share assumes the exercise of options issued under ASML stock option plans and the issue of shares under ASML share plans for periods in which exercises or issues would have a dilutive effect. The calculation of diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share does not assume exercise of such options or issue of shares when such exercises or issue would be anti-dilutive.
 
 
Comprehensive income
Comprehensive income consists of net income (loss) and other comprehensive income.
 
 
Other comprehensive income refers to revenues, expenses, gains and losses that are not included in net income (loss), but recorded directly in shareholders’ equity. For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, comprehensive income consists of net income (loss), unrealized gains and losses on derivative instruments, net of taxes, and unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency translation, net of taxes.
 
 
New U.S. GAAP Accounting Pronouncements
In 2010, ASML adopted Variable Interest Entities Subsections of ASC 810 “Consolidation” (previously Statement 167, “Amendments to FASB Interpretation No. 46(R)). The Variable Interest Entities Subsections (ASC 810-10) clarify the application of the general Subsections to certain legal entities in which equity investors do not have sufficient equity at risk for the legal entity
 
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to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or, as a group, the holders of the equity investment at risk lack any one of the following three characteristics:
 
 
a. The power, through voting rights or similar rights, to direct the activities of a legal entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance
 
 
b. The obligation to absorb the expected losses of the legal entity; and
 
 
c. The right to receive the expected residual returns of the legal entity.
 
 
Paragraph 810-10-10-1 states that consolidated financial statements are usually necessary for a fair presentation if one of the entities in the consolidated group directly or indirectly has a controlling financial interest in the other entities. Paragraph 810-10-15-8 states that the usual condition for a controlling financial interest is ownership of a majority voting interest. However, application of the majority voting interest requirement in the General Subsections of this Subtopic to certain types of entities may not identify the party with a controlling financial interest because the controlling financial interest may be achieved through arrangements that do not involve voting interests. The reporting entity with a variable interest or interests that provide the reporting entity with a controlling financial interest in a variable interest entity (VIE) will have both of the following characteristics:
 
 
a. The power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and
 
 
b. The obligation to absorb losses of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.
 
 
The Variable Interest Entities Subsections explain how to identify VIEs and how to determine when a reporting entity should include the assets, liabilities, noncontrolling interests, and results of activities of a VIE in its consolidated financial statements. As a result of the adoption of ASC 810, the Company consolidates its Variable Interest Entity that owns ASML’s headquarters in the Netherlands as of January 1, 2010, because ASML is considered to have a controlling interest in the VIE as a result of the criteria above. The comparative figures have been adjusted in order to reflect this new ASC. The impact on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2009, and December 31, 2010, is as follows:
 
                 

 
   
As of December 31
  2009
    2010
 
(in millions)   EUR     EUR  
Property, plant and equipment
    36.7       35.2  
Long-term debt
    36.7       35.2  
 
 
 
The adoption of ASC 810 did not have any impact on the Company’s net income, earnings per ordinary share and retained earnings; however an immaterial amount was reclassified from SG&A to interest expense. See Note 11 for more information.
 
 
In January 2010, the EITF reached final consensus on ASU 2010-06, “Improving Disclosures about Fair Value Measurements”. This ASU amends ASC 820 to add new requirements for disclosures about transfers into and out of Levels 1 and 2 and separate disclosures about purchases, sales issuances and settlements relating to Level 3 measurements. The ASU also clarifies existing fair value disclosures about the level of disaggregation and about inputs and valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2009. Level 3 related amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2010. The adoption of the ASU did not have any impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements but resulted in some additional disclosures, see Note 2. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the Level 3 related amendments.
 
 
In 2010, ASML adopted ASU 2010-20, “Disclosures about the Credit Quality of Financing Receivables and the Allowance for Credit Losses”. This ASU is intended to provide additional information to assist financial statement users in assessing an entity’s credit risk exposures and evaluating the adequacy of its allowance for credit losses. The objective of the amendments is for an entity to provide disclosures that facilitate financial statement users’ evaluation of the following: the nature of credit risk inherent in the entity’s portfolio of financing receivables, how that risk is analyzed and assessed in arriving at the allowance for credit losses and the changes and reasons for those changes in the allowance for credit losses. The adoption of the ASU did not have any impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements but resulted in some additional disclosures, see Note 6.
 
 
In April 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820-10-65-4, “Determining Fair Value When the Volume and Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have Significantly Decreased and Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly”. This ASC provides guidelines for making fair value measurements more consistent
 
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with the principles presented in ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements”. The ASC relates to determining fair values when there is no active market or where the price inputs being used represent distressed sales. It reaffirms the objective of fair value measurement — to reflect how much an asset would be sold for in an orderly transaction (as opposed to a distressed or forced transaction) at the date of the financial statements under current market conditions. Specifically, it reaffirms the need to use judgment to ascertain if a formerly active market has become inactive and in determining fair values when markets have become inactive. The ASC is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after June 15, 2009 and should be applied prospectively. The adoption of the ASC did not have any impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
 
In 2010, ASML adopted ASU 2010-09, “Amendments to Certain Recognition and Disclosure Requirements”. This ASU amends ASC 855 to address certain implementation issues related to an entity’s requirement to perform and disclose subsequent event procedures. The adoption of this ASU did not have any impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
 
In September 2009, the Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) reached final consensus on Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2009-13, “Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables”. ASU 2009-13 amends the current guidance on arrangements with multiple deliverables (ASC 605-25) to (1) eliminate the separation criterion that requires entities to establish objective and reliable evidence of fair value for undelivered elements, (2) establish a selling price hierarchy to help entities allocate arrangement consideration to the separate units of account (i.e. separate elements of the sales agreement), (3) require the relative selling price allocation method for all arrangements (i.e., eliminate the residual method), and (4) significantly expand required disclosures. The final consensus is effective for financial years beginning on or after June 15, 2010. The Company anticipates that the adoption of this ASU will not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
 
In September 2009, the EITF reached final consensus on ASU 2009-14, “Certain Revenue Arrangements That Include Software Elements”. ASU 2009-14 amends the scoping guidance for software arrangements (ASC 985-605) to exclude tangible products that contain software elements and non-software elements that function together to interdependently deliver the product’s essential functionality. ASU 2009-14 also provides considerations and examples for entities applying this guidance.
 
 
This issue will be effective prospectively for new or materially modified agreements entered into in financial years beginning on or after June 15, 2010. The Company anticipates that the adoption of this ASU will not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
 
2. Fair value measurements
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value as follows:
 
•  Level 1:  Valuations based on inputs such as quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access.
 
•  Level 2:  Valuations based on inputs other than level 1 inputs such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
 
•  Level 3:  Valuations based on inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
 
 
The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). A financial instrument’s fair value is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant in the fair value measurement hierarchy.
 
 
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Cash and cash equivalents include short-term deposits, investments in money market funds and interest-bearing bank accounts for which fair value measurements are all based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities.
 
 
The principal market in which ASML executes its derivative contracts is the institutional market in an over-the-counter environment with a high level of price transparency. The market participants usually are large commercial banks. The valuation inputs for ASML’s derivative contracts are based on quoted prices and quoting pricing intervals from public data sources; they do not involve management judgment.
 
 
The valuation technique used to determine the fair value of forward contracts (used for hedging purposes) is the Net Present Value technique which is the estimated amount that a bank would receive or pay to terminate the forward contracts at the
 
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reporting date, taking into account current interest rates and current exchange rates. The valuation technique used to determine the fair value of forward contracts approximates the net present value of future cash flows.
 
 
The valuation technique used to determine the fair value of interest rate swaps (used for hedging purposes) is the Net Present Value technique which is the estimated amount that a bank would receive or pay to terminate the swap agreements at the reporting date, taking into account current interest rates. The valuation technique used to determine the fair value of interest rate swaps approximates the net present value of future cash flows.
 
 
The Eurobond serves as a hedged item in a fair value hedge relationship in which ASML hedges the variability of changes in the market value of fixed loan coupons payable on the Company’s Eurobond due to changes in market interest rates. The fair value changes of the interest rate swaps are recorded on the balance sheet under derivative financial instruments (within other current and non-current assets). Therefore, the carrying amount is only adjusted for fair value changes in interest rate swaps. For the actual fair value, including credit risk considerations, see Note 14.
 
 
The following table presents the Company’s financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
 
                                 

 
   
As of December 31, 2009
  Level 1
    Level 2
    Level 3
    Total
 
(In thousands)   EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR  
Assets
                               
Derivative financial instruments1
          103,384             103,384  
Cash and cash equivalents2
    302,736       734,338             1,037,074  
                                 
Financial assets
    302,736       837,722             1,140,458  
                                 
Liabilities
                               
Long-term debt3,4
          699,756             699,756  
Derivative financial instruments1
          17,471             17,471  
                                 
Financial liabilities
          717,227             717,227  
                                 
 
                                 

 
   
As of December 31, 2010
  Level 1
    Level 2
    Level 3
    Total
 
(In thousands)   EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR  
Assets
                               
Derivative financial instruments1
          96,180             96,180  
Cash and cash equivalents2
    203,922       1,745,912             1,949,834  
                                 
Financial assets
    203,922       1,842,092             2,046,014  
                                 
Liabilities
                               
Long-term debt3
          710,060             710,060  
Derivative financial instruments1
          34,898             34,898  
                                 
Financial liabilities
          744,958             744,958  
 
 
 
Derivative financial instruments consist of forward contracts and interest rate swaps. See Note 3.
Based on a reassessment of the Level classifications, in 2010, the Company concluded that Money Market Funds should be classified Level 1 instead of Level 2, as they are valued based on quoted prices for identical assets in active markets accessible to the Company. The comparative figures were adjusted accordingly to reflect this change in classification.
Long-term debt mainly relates to the Company’s EUR 600.0 million Eurobond and excludes accrued interest. For further details see Note 14.
As of January 1, 2010 ASML adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810 “Amendments to FIN 46(R)” which resulted in the consolidation of the Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”) that owns ASML’s headquarters in Veldhoven, the Netherlands. The comparative figures for 2008 and 2009 have been adjusted to reflect this change in accounting policy. See Note 1 and Note 11.
 
 
As of December 31, 2010, the Company did not have any assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) in its consolidated balance sheets.
 
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Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
In 2010, the Company recognized impairment charges of EUR 8.6 million (2009: EUR 15.9 million) on its property, plant and equipment, mainly relating to buildings and constructions. Valuation of these assets is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy since their fair values were determined based on unobservable inputs. The impairment charge is determined based on the difference between the assets’ value in use (being EUR 0.4 million) and their carrying amount. For further information, see Note 11.
 
 
The Company did not recognize any impairment charges for goodwill and other intangible assets during 2010. See Notes 9 and 10 for more information.
 
 
3. Market risks and derivatives
The Company is exposed to a variety of financial risks: market risks (including foreign currency exchange risk and interest rate risk), credit risk, liquidity and capital risk. The overall risk management program focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimize potentially adverse effects on the Company’s financial performance. The Company uses derivative instruments to hedge certain risk exposures: none of the transactions are entered into for trading or speculative purposes.
 
 
ASML believes that market information is the most reliable and transparent means of measurement for its derivative instruments that are measured at fair value.
 
 
Foreign currency risk management
The Company uses the euro as its invoicing currency in order to limit the exposure to foreign currency movements. Exceptions may occur on a customer by customer basis. To the extent that invoicing is done in a currency other than the euro, the Company is exposed to foreign currency risk.
 
 
It is the Company’s policy to hedge material transaction exposures, such as forecasted sales and purchase transactions and accounts receivable and payable. The Company hedges these exposures through the use of currency contracts (foreign exchange options and forward contracts).
 
 
As of December 31, 2010 other comprehensive income includes EUR 40.8 million loss (net of taxes: EUR 35.9 million loss; 2009: EUR 41.8 million loss) representing the total anticipated loss to be charged to sales, and EUR 7.0 million loss (net of taxes: EUR 6.1 million loss; 2009: EUR 0.5 million gain) to be charged to cost of sales, which will offset the higher EUR equivalent of foreign currency denominated forecasted sales and purchase transactions. In 2010, as a result of ineffective cash flow hedges, a loss was recognized in sales for an amount of EUR 0.4 million (2009: loss of EUR 10.7 million) related to forecasted sales transactions. The effectiveness of all outstanding hedge contracts is monitored on a quarterly basis throughout the life of the hedges. It is anticipated that an amount of EUR 40.7 million loss will be charged to sales and EUR 7.0 million loss will be charged to cost of sales over the next twelve months, as the forecasted sales and purchase transactions occur. The remainder of the loss is anticipated to be charged to sales between one and two years, as the forecasted sales transactions occur.
 
 
It is the Company’s policy to not hedge currency translation exposures. Prior to 2009, the Company managed its material currency translation exposures resulting predominantly from ASML’s U.S. dollar net investments by hedging these partly with forward contracts. In 2009, the Company decided to no longer hedge these U.S. dollar net investments exposures.
 
 
It is the Company’s policy to hedge material remeasurement exposures. These net exposures from certain monetary assets and liabilities in non-functional currencies are hedged with forward contracts.
 
 
Interest rate risk management
The Company has both assets and liabilities that bear interest, which expose the Company to fluctuations in the prevailing market rate of interest. The Company uses interest rate swaps to align the interest typical terms of interest-bearing assets with the interest typical terms of interest-bearing liabilities. There might be some residual interest rate risks to the extent that the asset and liability positions do not fully offset.
 
 
Furthermore, the Company uses interest rate swaps to hedge changes in market value of fixed loan coupons payable on its Eurobond due to changes in market interest rates and to hedge the variability of future interest receipts as a result of changes in market interest rates on part of its cash and cash equivalents. During 2010, the hedge was 100 percent effective in hedging the fair value exposure to interest rate movements. This amount was included in consolidated statements of operations at the same time that the fair value of the interest rate swap was included in the consolidated statements of operations.
 
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Financial instruments
The Company uses currency contracts to manage its currency risk and interest rate swaps to manage its interest rate risk. Most derivatives will mature in one year or less after the balance sheet date. The following table summarizes the notional amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments:
 
                                 

 
   
    2009
          2010
       
    Notional
          Notional
       
As of December 31
  Amount
    Fair Value
    Amount
    Fair Value
 
(In thousands)   EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR  
Currency contracts1
    527,816       7,428       (1,933 )     (28,974 )
Interest rate swaps2
    641,500       78,485       641,500       90,256  
 
 
Relates to forward contracts assigned as a hedge to forecasted sales and purchase transactions, to monetary assets and liabilities, mainly in U.S. dollar and Japanese Yen.
Relates to interest rate swaps assigned as a hedge to interest bearing assets and liabilities mainly related to the EUR 600.0 million Eurobond; the fair value of the interest rate swaps includes accrued interest.
 
 
The following table summarizes the Company’s derivative financial instruments per category:
 
                                 

 
   
    2009
          2010
       
As of December 31
  Assets
    Liabilities
    Assets
    Liabilities
 
(In thousands)   EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR  
Interest rate swaps — cash flow hedges
          3,326             3,091  
Interest rate swaps — fair value hedges
    81,811             93,347        
Forward foreign exchange contracts — cash flow hedges
    1,592       13,222       1,533       11,535  
Forward foreign exchange contracts — other hedges (no hedge accounting)
    19,981       923       1,300       20,272  
                                 
Total
    103,384       17,471       96,180       34,898  
                                 
Less non-current portion:
                               
Interest rate swaps — cash flow hedges
          1,935             1,887  
Interest rate swaps — fair value hedges
    55,948             71,779        
Forward foreign exchange contracts — cash flow hedges
                      94  
                                 
Total non-current portion
    55,948       1,935       71,779       1,981  
                                 
Total current portion
    47,436       15,536       24,401       32,917  
 
 
 
 
The fair value part of a hedging derivative that has a remaining term of less or equal to 12 months is classified as current asset or liability. When the fair value part of a hedging derivative has a term of more than 12 months after balance sheet date it is classified as non-current.
 
 
No ineffectiveness was recognized in the consolidated statements of operations 2010 arising from fair value hedges; EUR 0.4 million ineffectiveness (loss) was recognized in the consolidated statements of operations in 2010 arising from cash flow hedges (2009: EUR 0.0 million and EUR 10.7 million, loss, from fair value hedges and cash flow hedges, respectively). There was no ineffectiveness recognized in the consolidated statements of operations in 2010 and 2009 arising from hedges of net investments in foreign entities.
 
 
Currency contracts
The notional principal amounts of the outstanding currency contracts in the main currencies U.S. dollar and Japanese yen at December 31, 2010 are U.S. dollar 222.6 million and Japanese yen 27.7 billion (2009: U.S. dollar 152.9 million and Japanese yen 57.1 billion).
 
 
The hedged highly probable forecasted transactions denominated in foreign currency are expected to occur at various dates during the coming two years. Gains and losses recognized in the hedging reserve in equity on forward contracts as of December 31, 2010 are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations in the period or periods during which the hedged forecasted transaction affects the consolidated statements of operations.
 
 
We recognized a net amount of EUR 13.7 million loss (2009: EUR 29.3 million gain) in the consolidated statements of operations resulting from exchange differences including those arising on financial instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss.
 
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Interest rate swaps
The notional principal amounts of the outstanding interest rate swap contracts as of December 31, 2010 were EUR 641.5 million (2009: EUR 641.5 million).
 
 
Credit risk management
Financial instruments that potentially subject ASML to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and derivative instruments used in hedging activities.
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents and derivative instruments contain an element of risk of the counterparties being unable to meet their obligations. This financial credit risk is monitored and minimized per type of financial instrument by limiting ASML’s counterparties to a sufficient number of major financial institutions. ASML invests its cash and cash equivalents mainly in short-term deposits with highly rated financial institutions and partly in AAAm-rated money market funds that invest in highly rated short-term debt securities of financial institutions and governments. ASML does not expect the counterparties to default given their high credit quality.
 
 
ASML’s customers consist of Integrated Circuit (“IC”) manufacturers located throughout the world. ASML performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition. ASML regularly reviews whether an allowance for doubtful debts is needed by considering factors such as historical payment experience, credit quality, age of the accounts receivable balances, and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. ASML takes additional measures to mitigate credit risk when considered appropriate by means of e.g. down payments, letters of credit, and retention of ownership provisions in contracts. Retention of ownership enables ASML to recover the systems in the event a customer defaults on payment.
 
 
Liquidity and Capital risk management
Prudent liquidity risk management implies maintaining sufficient cash and cash equivalents and the availability of funding through an adequate amount of committed credit facilities. As part of our financing policy we seek to maintain a strategic level of cash and cash equivalents of between EUR 1.0 and 1.5 billion. In addition to dividend payments, to the extent the level of cash and cash equivalents exceeds this target level and there are no investment opportunities that we wish to pursue, we intend to return cash to our shareholders through share buybacks or repayment of capital.
 
 
The Company’s available credit facilities amount to EUR 700.0 million as of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009 and consist of two facilities: a EUR 500.0 million credit facility and a EUR 200.0 million loan facility. In May 2010, the Company, in line with its financing policy, cancelled its EUR 500.0 million credit facility that was due to expire in May 2012 and replaced it with a new EUR 500.0 million credit facility from the same group of banks. The new credit facility has a term of five years and contains the same restrictive covenant as the credit facility it replaced. This covenant requires the Company to maintain a minimum committed capital to net total assets ratio of 40 percent calculated in accordance with contractually agreed definitions. As of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, this ratio was 78.0 percent and 85.7 percent, respectively. Therefore, the Company was in compliance with the covenant at the end of 2010 and 2009. Outstanding amounts under this credit facility will bear interest at EURIBOR or LIBOR plus a margin that depends on the Company’s liquidity position. No amounts were outstanding under this credit facility at the end of 2010 and 2009.
 
 
The EUR 200.0 million loan facility is related to the Company’s EUV investment efforts and was entered into during the first half of 2009. In June 2010, the Company and the European Investment Bank agreed to extend the availability period of the EUR 200.0 million loan facility by six months, allowing the Company to draw the facility up to March 31, 2011. When drawn, the loan is repayable in annual installments starting four years after drawdown, with a final repayment seven years after drawdown. This facility contains a covenant that restricts indebtedness, as contractually defined, to a maximum amount of EUR 2,300.0 million. As of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, this indebtedness amounted to EUR 1,319.2 million and EUR 1,319.0 million, respectively. Therefore, the Company was in compliance with this covenant at the end of 2010 and 2009. Outstanding amounts under this loan facility will bear interest at EURIBOR or LIBOR plus a margin. No amounts were outstanding under this loan facility at the end of 2010 and 2009.
 
 
4. Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2010 include short-term deposits of EUR 1,644.9 million (2009: EUR 652.3 million), investments in money market funds of EUR 203.9 million (2009: EUR 302.8 million) and interest-bearing bank accounts of EUR 101.0 million (2009: EUR 82.0 million).
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents have insignificant interest rate risk and remaining maturities of three months or less at the date of acquisition. No further restrictions on usage of cash and cash equivalents exist. The carrying amount of these assets approximates their fair value.
 
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5. Accounts receivable
Accounts receivable consist of the following:
 
                 

 
   
As of December 31
  2009
    2010
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR  
Accounts receivable, gross
    380,678       1,125,479  
Allowance for doubtful receivables
    (3,239 )     (1,945 )
                 
Accounts receivable, net
    377,439       1,123,534  
 
 
 
The carrying amount of the accounts receivable approximates the fair value. The maximum exposure to credit risk at December 31, 2010 is the fair value of the accounts receivable mentioned above. ASML has taken additional measures to mitigate credit risk when considered appropriate by means of e.g. down payments, letters of credit and retention of ownership provisions in contracts, which are intended to enable ASML to recover the systems in the event a customer defaults on payment.
 
 
Movements of the allowance for doubtful receivables are as follows:
 
                 

 
   
As of December 31
  2009
    2010
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR  
Balance at beginning of year
    (1,430 )     (3,239 )
Utilization of the provision
    80       38  
(Addition)/release for the year1
    (1,889 )     1,256  
                 
Allowance for doubtful receivables
    (3,239 )     (1,945 )
 
 
(Addition)/release for the year is recorded in cost of sales.
 
 
6. Finance receivables
Finance receivables consist of the net investment in sales-type leases. The sales-type leases transfer ownership of the systems to the lessee by the end of the lease term. The average lease term is three years. The following table lists the components of the finance receivables as of December 31, 2009 and 2010:
 
                 

 
   
As of December 31
  2009
    2010
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR  
Finance receivables, gross
    22,444       48,398  
Unearned interest
    (891 )     (6,845 )
                 
Finance receivables, net
    21,553       41,553  
Current portion of finance receivables, gross
    22,444       16,594  
Current portion of unearned interest
    (891 )     (3,946 )
                 
Non-current portion of finance receivables, net
          28,905  
 
 
 
At December 31, 2010, the finance receivables due for payment in each of the next five years and thereafter are as follows:
 
         

 
   
(in thousands)   EUR  
2011
    16,594  
2012
    18,898  
2013
    12,906  
2014
     
2015
     
Thereafter
     
         
Finance receivables, gross
    48,398  
 
 
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The credit quality of the Company’s finance receivables that are neither past due nor impaired is monitored as follows:
 
 
ASML’s customers consist of IC manufacturers located throughout the world. ASML performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition. ASML regularly reviews whether an allowance for credit losses is needed by considering factors such as historical payment experience, credit quality, and age of the finance receivables balances, and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. In response to the increased volatility of the financial markets, ASML has taken additional measures to mitigate credit risk when considered appropriate by means of e.g. down payments, letters of credit, and retention of ownership provisions in contracts. Retention of ownership enables ASML to recover the systems in the event a customer defaults on payment. In 2010 and 2009, the Company did not record any expected credit losses from finance receivables.
 
 
7. Inventories
Inventories consist of the following:
 
                 

 
   
As of December 31
  2009
    2010
 
(In thousands)   EUR     EUR  
Raw materials
    175,045       248,969  
Work-in-process
    799,390       1,083,932  
Finished products
    194,153       353,514  
                 
Inventories, gross
    1,168,588       1,686,415  
Allowance for obsolescence and/or lower market value
    (205,206 )     (189,235 )
                 
Inventories, net
    963,382       1,497,180  
 
 
 
During 2010, the Company changed its presentation for defective lenses. In the past, defective lenses were valued at standard cost price with the repair costs included in the allowance for inventory obsolescence. From January 1, 2010, repair costs are deducted from the standard cost price of the defective lenses as this better reflects the value of the defective lenses. The comparative figures were adjusted to reflect this change in presentation. For the year ended December 31, 2010 this resulted in a decrease of EUR 18.8 million (2009: EUR 20.1 million) in both gross inventories and a similar decrease in the allowance for inventory obsolescence. Income from operations, net income, and per share amounts were not affected by this change in presentation.
 
 
A summary of activity in the allowance for obsolescence and/or lower market value is as follows:
 
                 

 
   
As of December 31
  2009
    2010
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR  
Balance at beginning of year
    (167,353 )     (205,206 )
Addition for the year
    (86,636 )     (55,691 )
Effect of exchange rates
    (260 )     (4,148 )
Utilization of the provision
    49,043       75,810  
                 
Allowance for obsolescence and/or lower market value
    (205,206 )     (189,235 )
 
 
 
In 2010, the addition for the year is recorded in cost of sales for an amount of EUR 49.0 million and R&D costs for an amount of EUR 6.7 million (2009: cost of sales EUR 68.1 million and R&D costs for an amount of EUR 18.5 million). The 2010 addition for the year mainly relate to inventory items which were ceased to be used due to technological developments and design changes which resulted in obsolescence of certain parts. In 2009, the addition was mainly due to a reassessment by the Company of expected future demand based on the unexpected customers’ response to the financial and economic crisis.
 
 
Utilization of the provision mainly relates to sale and scrap of impaired inventories. In 2010 ASML made EUR 68.7 million profit on the sale of inventories that had been previously written down (2009: EUR 64.8 million).
 
ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2010
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8. Other assets
Other current assets consist of the following:
 
                 

 
   
As of December 31
  2009
    2010
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR  
Advance payments to Zeiss
    73,759       65,821  
Prepaid expenses
    38,832       46,325  
Derivative instruments
    47,436       24,401  
VAT
    25,211       35,065  
Other receivables
    30,802       41,298  
Other
    2,706       1,252  
                 
Other current assets
    218,746       214,162  
 
 
 
Zeiss is the Company’s sole supplier of lenses and, from time to time, receives non-interest bearing advance payments from the Company that assist in financing Zeiss’ work-in-process and thereby secure lens deliveries to the Company. Amounts owed under these advance payments are repaid through lens deliveries over the next 12 months.
 
 
Prepaid expenses include a tax prepayment on intercompany profit, not realized by the Group of EUR 26.0 million as of December 31, 2010 (2009: EUR 25.4 million).
 
 
Derivative financial instruments consist of currency contracts and the current part of the fair value of interest rate swaps which includes accrued interest.
 
 
Other non-current assets consist of the following:
 
                 

 
   
As of December 31
  2009
    2010
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR  
Advance payments to Zeiss
          140,016  
Derivative instruments
    55,948       71,779  
Compensation plan assets1
    8,520       9,626  
Prepaid expenses
    5,893       7,617  
Subordinated loan granted to lessor
               
in respect of Veldhoven headquarters2
    5,445       5,445  
Other
    1,248       1,229  
                 
Other non-current assets
    77,054       235,712  
 
 
For further details on compensation plan assets see Note 16.
For further details on loan granted to lessor in respect of Veldhoven headquarters see Note 11.
 
 
The non-current part of advance payments to Zeiss relates to payments made to support the Zeiss investments for the ASML’s EUV program, which are expected to be repaid through EUV lens deliveries more than 12 months after balance sheet date.
 
 
Derivative instruments consist of the non-current portion of the fair value of interest rate swaps which includes accrued interest.
 
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9. Goodwill
Changes in goodwill are summarized as follows:
 
                 

 
   
As of December 31
  2009
    2010
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR  
Cost
               
Balance, January 1
    131,453       131,462  
Effect of exchange rates
    9       9,824  
                 
Goodwill
    131,462       141,286  
 
 
 
The goodwill relates to the acquisition of Brion in March 2007. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually on September 30 and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the goodwill may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to the reporting unit Brion. The fair value of the reporting unit Brion is calculated based on the discounted cash flow method (income approach). These calculations use after-tax discounted cash flow projections based on the strategic plan approved by management.
 
 
The material assumptions used by management for the fair value calculation of the reporting unit (based on past experience) are:
•  Cash flow projections for the coming five years are based on a significant growth scenario, reflecting the start-up nature of Brion. Projections are built bottom-up, using estimates for revenue, gross profit, R&D costs and SG&A costs.
•  Brion would reach maturity in the final year of this five year period and grow at a weighted average growth rate of 3.0 percent from then onwards, which Management believes is a reasonable estimate that does not exceed the long-term historical average growth rate for the lithography business in which Brion operates.
•  A post-tax discount rate of 13.1 percent representing Brion’s weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) based on market participants’ view, was determined using an adjusted version of the Capital Asset Pricing Model. Since Brion is not financed with debt, WACC was assumed to equal Brion’s cost of equity. The discount rate decreased compared with the prior year, reflecting the recovery of the semiconductor equipment industry.
 
 
Management believes that the fair value calculated reflects the amount a market participant would be willing to pay. Based on this analysis management believes that the fair value of the reporting unit substantially exceeded its carrying value and that, therefore, goodwill was not impaired as of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009.
 
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10. Other intangible assets
Other intangible assets consist of the following:
 
                                                 

 
   
    Intellectual
    Developed
    Customer
    In-process
             
    property
    technology
    relationships
    R&D
    Other
    Total
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR  
Cost
                                               
Balance, January 1, 2009
    47,250       24,494       8,263       23,148       2,195       105,350  
Effect of exchange rates
          1                   1       2  
                                                 
Balance, December 31, 2009
    47,250       24,495       8,263       23,148       2,196       105,352  
Effect of exchange rates
          1,388       470             35       1,893  
                                                 
Balance, December 31, 2010
    47,250       25,883       8,733       23,148       2,231       107,245  
                                                 
Accumulated amortization and impairment
                                               
Balance, January 1, 2009
    43,577       8,406       1,894       23,148       1,633       78,658  
Amortization
    3,436       4,019       1,075             254       8,784  
Effect of exchange rates
          (157 )     (42 )           (19 )     (218 )
                                                 
Balance, December 31, 2009
    47,013       12,268       2,927       23,148       1,868       87,224  
Amortization
    211       4,052       1,084             108       5,455  
Effect of exchange rates
          723       174             18       915  
                                                 
Balance, December 31, 2010
    47,224       17,043       4,185       23,148       1,994       93,594  
                                                 
Carrying amount
                                               
December 31, 2009
    237       12,227       5,336             328       18,128  
December 31, 2010
    26       8,840       4,548             237       13,651  
 
 
 
Intellectual property relates to licenses and patents purchased from third parties. Developed technology, customer relationships, in-process R&D and other were obtained from the acquisition of Brion.
 
 
During 2010, the Company recorded amortization charges of EUR 5.5 million (2009: EUR 8.8 million; 2008: EUR 11.5 million) which were fully recorded in cost of sales (2009: EUR 8.8 million; 2008: EUR 11.5 million)
 
 
During 2010, the Company did not record any impairment charges for other intangible assets (2009: EUR 0.0 million; 2008: EUR 0.6 million).
 
 
Estimated amortization expenses relating to other intangible assets for the next five years and thereafter are as follows:
 
         

 
   
(in thousands)   EUR  
2011
    5,285  
2012
    5,285  
2013
    1,794  
2014
    1,095  
2015
    186  
Thereafter
    6  
         
Amortization expenses
    13,651  
 
 
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11. Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment consist of the following:
 
                                         

 
   
    Land,
    Machinery
          Furniture,
       
    buildings and
    and
    Leasehold
    fixtures and other
       
    constructions
    equipment
    improvements
    equipment
    Total
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR  
Cost
                                       
Balance, January 1, 20091
    409,985       483,398       153,824       288,297       1,335,504  
Additions
    74,135       179,050       3,484       7,258       263,927  
Disposals
    (2,247 )     (127,152 )     (2,403 )     (9,457 )     (141,259 )
Effect of exchange rates
    360       (2,162 )     61       386       (1,355 )
                                         
Balance, December 31, 20091
    482,233       533,134       154,966       286,484       1,456,817  
Additions
    38,528       244,123       31,015       29,129       342,795  
Disposals
    (2,876 )     (187,181 )     (1,103 )     (1,844 )     (193,004 )
Effect of exchange rates
    8,970       19,177       757       2,475       31,379  
                                         
Balance, December 31, 2010
    526,855       609,253       185,635       316,244       1,637,987  
                                         
Accumulated depreciation and impairment
                                       
Balance, January 1, 20091
    70,279       353,468       101,102       231,931       756,780  
Depreciation1
    24,041       63,614       15,851       27,568       131,074  
Impairment charges
          11,185       155       4,556       15,896  
Disposals
    (2,247 )     (88,815 )     (2,191 )     (9,298 )     (102,551 )
Effect of exchange rates
    (30 )     41       12       235       258  
                                         
Balance, December 31, 20091
    92,043       339,493       114,929       254,992       801,457  
Depreciation
    28,125       79,970       14,919       21,548       144,562  
Impairment charges
    6,673       1,178       500       212       8,563  
Disposals
    (1,328 )     (71,809 )     (1,045 )     (1,696 )     (75,878 )
Effect of exchange rates
    1,996       9,194       438       2,324       13,952  
                                         
Balance, December 31, 2010
    127,509       358,026       129,741       277,380       892,656  
                                         
                                         
Carrying amount
                                       
December 31, 20091
    390,190       193,641       40,037       31,492       655,360  
December 31, 2010
    399,346       251,227       55,894       38,864       745,331  
 
 
As of January 1, 2010 ASML adopted ASC 810 “Amendments to FIN 46(R)” which resulted in the consolidation of the VIE that owns ASML’s headquarters in Veldhoven, the Netherlands. The comparative figures for 2009 have been adjusted to reflect this change in accounting policy.
 
 
As of December 31, 2010, the carrying amount includes assets under construction for land, buildings and constructions of EUR 31.8 million (2009: EUR 5.9 million), machinery and equipment of EUR 16.3 million (2009: EUR 30.4 million), leasehold improvements of EUR 29.1 million (2009: EUR 0.5 million) and furniture, fixtures and other equipment of EUR 6.9 million (2009: EUR 1.9 million). As of December 31, 2010, the carrying amount of land amounts to EUR 36.1 million (2009: EUR 34.5 million).
 
 
The majority of the additions and disposals in 2010 and 2009 relate to machinery and equipment (including prototypes, demonstration and training systems). These systems are similar to those that ASML sells in its ordinary course of business. The systems are capitalized under property, plant and equipment because they are held for own use, for rental and for evaluation purposes, and at the time they are placed in service, they are expected to be used for a period longer than one year. These systems are recorded at cost and depreciated over their expected useful life. From the time that these assets are no longer held for use but intended for sale in the ordinary course of business, they are reclassified from property, plant and equipment to inventory at the lower of their carrying value or fair market value. Since the transfers between inventory and property, plant and equipment are non-cash events, these are not reflected in the consolidated statements of cash flows. An amount of EUR 214.1 million (2009: EUR 159.0 million) of the additions relates to non-cash transfers from inventory and an amount of EUR 110.4 million (2009: EUR 27.8 million) of the disposals relates to non-cash transfers to inventory. When sold, the proceeds and cost of these systems are recorded as net sales and cost of sales, respectively, identical to the treatment of other sales transactions. The cost of sales for these systems includes the inventory value and the additional costs of refurbishing (materials and labor).
 
 
The impairment charges recorded in 2010 mainly related to buildings and constructions (EUR 6.7 million). The Company recorded impairment charges with respect to several technical infrastructure items which will cease to be used before the end of the
 
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expected economic life due to technical changes relating to NXE (EUV) development. The impairment charges were determined based on the difference between the assets’ value in use (being EUR 0.4 million) and their carrying amount.
 
 
The impairment charges recorded in 2009 mainly related to machinery and equipment (EUR 11.2 million). The Company impaired certain non-leading-edge systems and machinery and equipment that have ceased to be used or will cease to be used during the expected economic life, and which management no longer believes can be sold because of lack of demand for these products. The impairment charges were determined based on the difference between the assets’ estimated fair value (being EUR 7.0 million) and their carrying amount. In determining the fair value of an asset, the Company makes estimates about future cash flows. These estimates are based on the financial plan updated with the latest available projection of semiconductor market conditions and the Company’s sales and cost expectations which are consistent with the plans and estimates that it uses to manage its business.
 
 
The impairment charges recorded in 2008 mainly related to machinery and equipment (EUR 22.3 million). The Company impaired certain non-leading-edge machinery and equipment that have ceased to be used during the expected economic life, and which management at the time no longer believed could be sold for two reasons, both relating to the financial and economic crisis. The first reason relates to ASML’s customers’ decision to delay non-leading-edge capacity additions which increases the risk that certain systems will become technologically obsolete. The second reason has to do with the expected plant closures by ASML’s high-tech customers to reduce certain non-leading-edge capacity, which management believed would result in a high supply of used systems and a downward pressure on sales prices. The impairment charges were determined based on the difference between the asset’s estimated fair value (being EUR 5.4 million) and their carrying amount.
 
 
As of December 31, 2010, the carrying amount of machinery and equipment includes an amount of EUR 63.0 million with respect to evaluation and rental systems (2009: EUR 73.9 million).
 
 
During 2010, the Company recorded impairment charges of EUR 8.6 million (2009: EUR 15.9 million; 2008: EUR 24.6 million) of which it recorded EUR 7.3 million (2009: EUR 2.1 million; 2008: EUR 20.8 million) in cost of sales, EUR 0.7 million (2009: EUR 9.1 million; 2008: EUR 2.2 million) in R&D costs and EUR 0.6 million (2009: EUR 4.7 million; 2008: EUR 1.6 million) in SG&A costs.
 
 
During 2010, the Company recorded depreciation charges of EUR 144.6 million (2009: EUR 131.1 million; 2008: EUR 109.8 million) of which it recorded EUR 80.4 million (2009: EUR 83.6 million; 2008: EUR 50.3 million) in cost of sales, EUR 16.7 million (2009 EUR 21.9 million; 2008: EUR 25.5 million) in R&D costs and EUR 47.5 million (2009: EUR 25.6 million; 2008: EUR 34.0 million) in SG&A costs.
 
 
Variable Interest Entity
As a result of the adoption of ASC 810, as of December 31, 2010, the carrying amount of land, buildings and constructions includes an amount of EUR 35.2 million (2009: EUR 36.7 million) relating to the Company’s headquarters in Veldhoven, the Netherlands, which is owned by Koppelenweg II B.V., a Variable Interest Entity (VIE).
 
 
In 2003, the Company moved to its current Veldhoven headquarters. The Company is leasing these headquarters for a period of 15 years (from 2003) from an entity (“lessor”) that was incorporated by a syndicate of three banks (“shareholders”) solely for the purpose of leasing this building. The lessor’s shareholders equity amounts to EUR 1.9 million and did not change since 2003.
 
 
The shareholders each granted a loan of EUR 11.6 million and a fourth bank granted a loan of EUR 12.3 million (EUR 47.1 million in total) to the parent of the lessor. ASML provided the parent of the lessor with a subordinated loan of EUR 5.4 million and has a purchase option that is exercisable either at the end of the lease in 2018, at a pre-determined price of EUR 24.5 million, or during the lease at a price equal to the book value of the assets. The total assets of the lessor entity amounted to EUR 54.5 million at inception of the lease. The entity is determined to be a VIE because the equity investors do not have sufficient equity at risk for the legal entity to finance its activities without sufficient additional subordinated support.
 
 
The primary purpose for which the VIE was created was to provide ASML with use of the building for 15 years, where ASML does not retain substantially all the risks and rewards from changes in value of the building. The main activities of the entity are to rent, re-market and ultimately sell the building that is owned by the VIE. The economic performance of the VIE is most significantly impacted by the ability of the lessee (ASML) to exercise the call option at any time during the lease term, and thus the Company could potentially benefit from increases in the fair value of the building.
 
 
While the debt holders have a variable interest, and may absorb losses, and the equity holders have a variable interest and may receive benefits, they do not have the power to direct activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and therefore, cannot be the primary beneficiary. Through the pre-determined price of the call option ASML has the power over the VIE, therefore only ASML meets both the power and losses/benefit criterion and consolidates the VIE. See Note 1.
 
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12. Accrued and other liabilities
Accrued and other liabilities consist of the following:
 
                 

 
   
As of December 31
  2009
    2010
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR  
Deferred revenue
    219,378       543,145  
Costs to be paid
    208,684       270,836  
Deposits from customers
          150,000  
Down payments from customers
    274,074       675,636  
Personnel related items
    114,255       177,025  
Derivative instruments
    17,471       34,898  
Standard warranty reserve
    23,208       37,965  
Other
    4,650       2,314  
                 
Accrued and other liabilities
    861,720       1,891,819  
Less: long-term portion of accrued and other liabilities
    44,359       373,0701  
                 
Short-term portion of accrued and other liabilities
    817,361       1,518,749  
 
 
The main part of the non current portion of accrued and other liabilities relates to down payments received from customers regarding 2012 shipments of high-volume EUV systems.
 
 
The increase in accrued and other liabilities is mainly caused by an increase in net sales, resulting in increased deferred revenue and deposits and down payments from customers.
 
 
Deferred revenue mainly consists of prepaid extended and enhanced (optic) warranty contracts and award credits regarding free or discounted products or services. Further, an amount of EUR 38.5 million is included regarding the first second-generation EUV system shipment.
 
 
Costs to be paid mainly relate to accrued cost for unbilled services provided by vendors including contracted labor, outsourced services and consultancy.
 
 
The Company receives advances from customers prior to shipment for systems included in ASML’s current product portfolio or systems currently under development in the form of down payments.
 
 
Personnel related items mainly consist of accrued management bonuses, accrued profit sharing, accrued vacation days, accrued vacation allowance, accrued wage tax, social securities and accrued pension premiums.
 
 
Derivative financial instruments consist of currency contracts and the fair value of interest rate swaps which includes accrued interest.
 
 
Changes in standard warranty reserve for the years 2009 and 2010 are as follows:
 
                 

 
   
As of December 31
  2009
    2010
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR  
Balance, January 1
    35,225       23,208  
Additions of the year
    15,047       46,467  
Utilization of the reserve
    (19,360 )     (14,325 )
Release of the reserve
    (7,666 )     (18,480 )
Effect of exchange rates
    (38 )     1,095  
                 
Standard warranty reserve
    23,208       37,965  
 
 
 
The release of the reserve is due to a change in accounting estimate based on lower than expected historical warranty expenses as a result of an improved learning-curve concerning ASML’s systems. The release has been included in cost of sales.
 
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In 2010 and 2009, the reassessments of the warranty reserve, and resulting change in accounting estimate, did not have a material impact. For 2008, the impact of the change in accounting estimate on the consolidated statements of operations and per share amounts was as follows:
 
                 

 
   
Year ended December 31
  2008
       
(in thousands, except per share data)   EUR     %  
Income from operations
    33,409       11.6%  
Net income
    24,890       7.7%  
Basic net income per ordinary share
    0.06       8.0%  
Diluted net income per ordinary share
    0.06       8.1%  
 
 
 
13. Provisions
Provisions consist of the following:
 
                         

 
   
    Employee contract
    Lease contract
       
    termination benefits
    termination costs
    Total
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR     EUR  
Balance, January 1, 2009
    2,265       17,908       20,173  
Utilization of the provision
    (2,244 )     (2,747 )     (4,991 )
Unwinding of discount
          136       136  
Effect of exchange rates
    (21 )     (99 )     (120 )
                         
                         
Balance, December 31, 2009
          15,198       15,198  
Utilization of the provision
          (2,576 )     (2,576 )
Unwinding of discount
          305       305  
Effect of exchange rates
          1,134       1,134  
                         
                         
Balance, December 31, 2010
          14,061       14,061  
                         
Non-current portion of provisions
                       
December 31, 2009
          12,694       12,694  
December 31, 2010
          11,811       11,811  
 
 
 
The provision for lease contract termination costs relates to an operating lease contract for a building for which no economic benefits are expected. The provision for lease contract termination costs is expected to be utilized by 2017.
 
 
14. Long-term debt
The long-term debt consists of the following:
 
                 

 
   
As of December 31
  2009
    2010
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR  
5.75 percent Eurobond, carrying amount
    663,088       674,835  
Variable Interest Entity
    36,654       35,225  
Other
    14        
                 
Long-term debt
    699,756       710,060  
 
 
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The Company’s obligations to make principal repayments under the Eurobond and other borrowing arrangements as of December 31, 2010, for the next five years and thereafter and excluding interest expense, are as follows:
 
         

 
   
(in thousands)   EUR  
2011
    1,429  
2012
    1,429  
2013
    1,429  
2014
    1,429  
2015
    1,429  
Thereafter
    628,080  
         
Long-term debt
    635,225  
Less: current portion of long-term debt
    1,429  
         
Non-current portion of long-term debt
    633,796  
 
 
 
Eurobond
The following table summarizes the carrying amount of the Company’s outstanding Eurobond, including fair value of interest rate swaps used to hedge the change in the fair value of the Eurobond:
 
                 

 
   
As of December 31
  2009
    2010
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR  
5.75 percent Eurobond
               
Principal amount
    600,000       600,000  
Fair value interest rate swaps1
    63,088       74,835  
                 
Carrying amount
    663,088       674,835  
 
 
The fair value of the interest rate swaps excludes accrued interest.
 
 
In June 2007, ASML completed an offering of EUR 600.0 million principal amount of its 5.75 percent notes due 2017, with interest payable annually on June 13 of each year. The notes are redeemable at the option of ASML, in whole or in part, at any time by paying a make whole premium, and unless previously redeemed, will be redeemed at 100 percent of their principal amount on June 13, 2017.
 
 
The Eurobond serves as a hedged item in a fair value hedge relationship in which ASML hedges the variability of changes in the market value of fixed loan coupons payable on the Company’s Eurobond due to changes in market interest rates. The fair value changes of the interest rate swaps are recorded on the balance sheet under derivative financial instruments (within other current and non-current assets). Therefore, the carrying amount is only adjusted for fair value changes in interest rate swaps. The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of the Eurobond:
 
                                                 

 
   
          2009
                2010
       
    Principal
    Carrying
          Principal
    Carrying
       
As of December 31
  Amount
    Amount
    Fair Value1
    Amount
    Amount
    Fair Value1
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR  
5.75 percent Eurobond
    600,000       663,088       599,232       600,000       674,835       631,452  
 
 
Source: Bloomberg Finance LP
 
 
The fair value of the Company’s Eurobond is estimated based on the quoted market prices as of December 31, 2010. The fair value of the Eurobond is higher than the principal amount as a result of lower interest rates.
 
 
Variable interest entity
Long-term debt includes an amount of EUR 35.2 million (2009: EUR 36.7 million) relating to the Company’s VIE. As of January 1, 2010 ASML adopted ASC 810, ’Amendments to FIN 46(R)’ which resulted in the consolidation of the VIE that owns ASML’s headquarters in Veldhoven, the Netherlands. The comparative figures have been adjusted to reflect this change in accounting policy. See note 11.
 
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Lines of credit
The Company’s available credit facilities amount to EUR 700.0 million as of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009 and consist of two facilities: a EUR 500.0 million credit facility and a EUR 200.0 million loan facility. In May 2010, the Company, in line with its financing policy, cancelled its EUR 500.0 million credit facility that was due to expire in May 2012 and replaced it with a new EUR 500.0 million credit facility from the same group of banks. The new credit facility has a term of five years and contains the same restrictive covenant as the credit facility it replaced. This covenant requires the Company to maintain a minimum committed capital to net total assets ratio of 40 percent calculated in accordance with contractually agreed definitions. As of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, this ratio was 78.0 percent and 85.7 percent, respectively. Therefore, the Company was in compliance with the covenant at the end of 2010 and 2009. Outstanding amounts under this credit facility will bear interest at EURIBOR or LIBOR plus a margin that depends on the Company’s liquidity position. No amounts were outstanding under this credit facility at the end of 2010 and 2009.
 
 
The EUR 200.0 million loan facility is related to the Company’s EUV investment efforts and was entered into during the first half of 2009. In June 2010, the Company and the European Investment Bank agreed to extend the availability period of the EUR 200.0 million loan facility by six months, allowing the Company to draw the facility up to March 31, 2011. When drawn, the loan is repayable in annual installments starting four years after drawdown, with a final repayment seven years after drawdown. This facility contains a covenant that restricts indebtedness, as contractually defined, to a maximum amount of EUR 2,300.0 million. As of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, this indebtedness amounted to EUR 1,319.2 million and EUR 1,319.0 million, respectively. Therefore, the Company was in compliance with this covenant at the end of 2010 and 2009. Outstanding amounts under this loan facility will bear interest at EURIBOR or LIBOR plus a margin. No amounts were outstanding under this loan facility at the end of 2010 and 2009.
 
 
15. Commitments, contingencies and guarantees
The Company has various contractual obligations, some of which are required to be recorded as liabilities in the Company’s consolidated financial statements, including long- and short-term debt. Others, namely operating lease commitments, purchase obligations and guarantees, are generally not required to be recognized as liabilities on the Company’s balance sheet but are required to be disclosed.
 
 
Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations
The Company’s contractual obligations as of December 31, 2010 can be summarized as follows:
 
                                         

 
   
          Less than
    1-3
    3-5
    After 5
 
Payments due by period
  Total
    1 year
    years
    years
    years
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR  
Long Term Debt Obligations, including
interest expense1
    951,560       35,929       71,859       71,859       771,913  
Deposits from customers
    150,000       150,000                    
Operating Lease Obligations
    106,671       30,088       40,188       22,802       13,593  
Purchase Obligations
    2,098,432       2,003,321       94,942       169        
Unrecognized Tax Benefits
    162,066       29,956       30,853       40,062       61,195  
                                         
Contractual Obligations
    3,468,729       2,249,294       237,842       134,892       846,701  
 
 
See Note 14 for the amounts excluding interest expense.
 
 
Long-term debt obligations mainly relates to interest payments and principal amount of the Eurobond. See Note 14.
 
 
Operating lease obligations include leases of equipment and facilities. Lease payments recognized as an expense were EUR 37.9 million, EUR 37.1 million and EUR 41.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
 
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Several operating leases for the Company’s buildings contain purchase options, exercisable at the end of the lease, and in some cases, during the term of the lease. The amounts to be paid if ASML should exercise these purchase options at the end of the lease as of December 31, 2010 can be summarized as follows:
 
                                         

 
   
          Less than
    1-3
    3-5
    After 5
 
Purchase options due by period
  Total
    1 year
    years
    years
    years
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR  
Purchase options
    31,232             8,250       8,999       13,983  
 
 
 
Purchase obligations include purchase commitments with vendors in the ordinary course of business. ASML expects that it will honor these purchase obligations to fulfill future sales, in line with the timing of those future sales. If not, the general terms and conditions of the agreements relating to the major part of the Company’s purchase commitments as of December 31, 2010 contain clauses that enable ASML to delay or cancel delivery of ordered goods and services up to the dates specified in the corresponding purchase contracts. These terms and conditions that ASML has agreed with its supply chain partners give ASML additional flexibility to adapt its purchase obligations to its requirements in light of the inherent cyclicality of the industry in which the Company operates. The Company establishes a provision for cancellation fees when it is probable that the liability has been incurred and the amount of cancellation fees is reasonably estimable.
 
 
Unrecognized tax benefits relate to a liability for uncertain tax positions. See Note 18.
 
 
16. Employee benefits
 
 
Deferred compensation plans
In February 1997, SVG (a company that merged with ASML in May 2001) adopted a non-qualified deferred compensation plan that allowed a select group of management and highly compensated employees and directors to defer a portion of their salary, bonus and directors fees. The plan allowed SVG to credit additional amounts to participants’ account balances, depending on the amount of the employee’s contribution, up to a maximum of 5.0 percent of an employee’s annual salary and bonus. In addition, interest is credited to the participants’ account balances at 120.0 percent of the average Moody’s corporate bond rate. For calendar years 2008 and 2009, participants’ accounts were credited at 7.34 percent and 9.07 percent. SVG’s contributions and related interest became 100 percent vested in May 2001 with the merger of SVG and ASML. Effective January 1, 2010, the plan was terminated. This termination did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. No expenses were incurred under this plan during 2010 (2009: EUR 0.2 million; 2008: EUR 0.2 million). As of December 31, 2010, the Company’s liability under the deferred compensation plan was zero (2009: EUR 2.0 million).
 
 
In July 2002, ASML adopted a non-qualified deferred compensation plan for its United States employees that allows a select group of management or highly compensated employees to defer a portion of their salary, bonus, and commissions. The plan allows ASML to credit additional amounts to the participants’ account balances. The participants divide their funds among the investments available in the plan. Participants elect to receive their funds in future periods after the earlier of their employment termination or their withdrawal election, at least three years after deferral. There were minor expenses relating to this plan in 2010, 2009 and 2008. On December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Company’s liability under the deferred compensation plan was EUR 9.4 million and EUR 6.7 million, respectively.
 
 
Pension plans
ASML maintains various pension plans covering substantially all of its employees. The Company’s employees in the Netherlands, approximately 4,100 in full-time employees (“FTEs”), participate in a multi-employer union plan (“Bedrijfstakpensioenfonds Metalektro”) determined in accordance with the collective bargaining agreements effective for the industry in which ASML operates. This multi-employer plan covers approximately 1,220 companies and 147,000 contributing members. The plan monitors its risks on a global basis, not by company or employee, and is subject to regulation by Dutch governmental authorities. By law (the Dutch Pension Act), a multi-employer union plan must be monitored against specific criteria, including the coverage ratio of the plan’s assets to its obligations. This coverage ratio must exceed 104.3 percent for the total plan. Every company participating in a Dutch multi-employer union plan contributes a premium calculated as a percentage of its total pensionable salaries, with each company subject to the same percentage contribution rate. The pension rights of each employee are based upon the employee’s average salary during employment.
 
 
ASML’s net periodic pension cost for this multi-employer plan for any period is the amount of the required contribution for that period. A contingent liability may arise from, for example, possible actuarial losses relating to other participating entities because
 
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each entity that participates in a multi-employer plan shares in the actuarial risks of every other participating entity or any responsibility under the terms of a plan to finance any shortfall in the plan if other entities cease to participate.
 
 
The coverage ratio of the multi-employer plan decreased to 96.0 percent as of December 31, 2010 (December 31, 2009: 99.0 percent). Because of the low coverage ratio, PME prepared and executed a so-called “Recovery Plan” which was approved by De Nederlandsche Bank (the Dutch central bank, which is the supervisor of all pension companies in the Netherlands). For 2011, the pension premium percentage will not increase as the current premium level, which is 23.0 percent of the total pensionable salaries, is the maximum premium determined in the articles of association of the Pension Company. The coverage ratio is calculated by dividing the fund’s capital by the total sum of pension liabilities and is based on actual market interest.
 
 
ASML also participates in several defined contribution pension plans, with ASML’s expenses for these plans equaling the contributions made in the relevant period.
 
 
The Company’s pension costs for all employees for the three years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010 were:
 
                         

 
   
Year ended December 31
  2008
    2009
    2010
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR     EUR  
Pension plan based on multi-employer union plan
    30,579       30,930       29,643  
Pension plans based on defined contribution
    8,466       8,895       10,950  
                         
Pension costs
    39,045       39,825       40,593  
 
 
 
Bonus plan
ASML has a performance-related bonus plan for senior management, who are not members of the Board of Management. Under this plan, the bonus amount is dependent on the actual performance on corporate, departmental and personal targets. The bonus for members of senior management can range between 0.0 percent and 40.0 percent, or 0.0 percent and 70.0 percent of their annual salaries, depending upon their seniority. The performance targets for 2010 are set per half year. The bonus of the first half of 2010 was paid in the second half of 2010. The bonus of the second half is accrued for in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2010 and is expected to be paid in the first quarter of 2011. The Company’s bonus expenses for all participants under this plan were:
 
                         

 
   
Year ended December 31
  2008
    2009
    2010
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR     EUR  
Bonus expenses
    7,756       9,167       9,694  
 
 
 
ASML has a retention bonus plan for employees and executives of Brion including three retention bonuses. The first retention bonus was conditional on the first year of employment after the acquisition date and was paid in March 2008. The second retention bonus is conditional on the second year of employment after the acquisition date and was paid in March 2009. The third retention bonus is conditional on the third year of employment after the acquisition date and is paid in March 2010. ASML has a new retention bonus plan for the period from March 2010 to March 2012 for executives of Brion including two retention bonuses. The first retention bonus is conditional over the first year of employment and is payable in April 2011. The second retention bonus is conditional over the second year of employment and is payable in April 2012. The Company’s bonus expenses for all participants under these plans were:
 
                         

 
   
Year ended December 31
  2008
    2009
    2010
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR     EUR  
Bonus expenses
    5,031       5,222       1,165  
 
 
 
Profit-sharing plan
ASML has a profit-sharing plan covering all employees who are not members of the Board of Management or senior management. Under the plan, eligible employees receive an annual profit-sharing bonus, based on a percentage of net income relative to sales ranging from 0.0 to 20.0 percent of annual salary. The profit-sharing percentage for the years 2010, 2009 and 2008 was 18.0 percent, 0.0 percent and 6.0 percent, respectively.
 
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Share-based payments
The total gross amount of recognized expenses associated with share-based payments was EUR 12.1 million in 2010, EUR 13.4 million in 2009 and EUR 13.5 million in 2008.
 
 
Total compensation expenses related to non-vested awards to be recognized in future periods amount to EUR 16.7 million as per December 31, 2010 (2009: EUR 15.4 million; 2008: EUR 17.5 million). The weighted average period over which these costs are expected to be recognized is calculated at 1.3 years (2009: 1.2 years; 2008: 1.5 years).
 
 
Stock option transactions are summarized as follows:
 
                 

 
   
          Weighted average
 
    Number of
    exercise price per
 
    options     ordinary share (EUR)  
Outstanding, January 1, 2008
    15,036,599       20.90  
Granted
    1,151,203       15.76  
Exercised
    (1,119,426 )     12.03  
Forfeited
    (984,832 )     11.99  
Expired
    (2,008,620 )     17.02  
                 
Outstanding, December 31, 2008
    12,074,924       22.57  
Granted
    368,752       15.67  
Exercised
    (1,014,287 )     10.73  
Forfeited
    (197,346 )     19.56  
Expired
           
Transfer to/from Board of Management1
    79,536       23.40  
                 
Outstanding, December 31, 2009
    11,311,579       23.47  
Granted
    55,565       23.37  
Exercised
    (2,263,276 )     11.22  
Forfeited
    (60,376 )     18.53  
Expired
    (60,067 )     15.38  
                 
Outstanding, December 31, 2010
    8,983,425       26.66  
Exercisable, December 31, 2010
    8,161,139       27.66  
Exercisable, December 31, 2009
    10,264,985       24.06  
Exercisable, December 31, 2008
    9,717,891       24.32  
 
 
In 2009, as a result of a change in the Board of Management 79,536 stock options were transferred between employee benefits and Board of Management remuneration.
 
 
The estimated weighted average fair value of options granted during 2010, 2009 and 2008 was EUR 8.14, EUR 6.03 and EUR 6.77, respectively, on the date of grant.
 
 
The weighted average share price at the date of exercise for stock options for the year ended December 31, 2010 was EUR 24.61 (2009: EUR 20.31; 2008: EUR 17.91).
 
 
Details with respect to the outstanding stock options are set out in the following table:
 
                                 

 
   
    Number
          Weighted average
    Weighted average
 
    oustanding
          remaining
    exercise price of
 
Range of exercise
  December 31,
    Number exercisable
    contractual life of
    oustanding options
 
prices (EUR)   2010     December 31, 2010     outstanding options (years)     (EUR)  
0.15 - 7.94
    325,482       288,516       4.56       1.22  
8.17 - 12.62
    2,894,858       2,874,158       4.38       11.46  
12.75 - 19.13
    1,518,478       1,003,914       6.03       16.81  
19.45 - 29.18
    653,677       403,621       7.28       23.41  
29.65 - 44.48
    21,000       21,000       1.07       36.89  
45.02 - 67.53
    3,569,930       3,569,930       1.07       46.02  
                                 
Total
    8,983,425       8,161,139       3.56       26.66  
 
 
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Details with respect to stock options and shares are set out in the following table:
 
                         

 
   
Year ended December 31
                 
(in thousands, except for contractual term)   2008     2009     2010  
Aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised (EUR)
    5,894       10,140       30,546  
Total fair value at vesting date of shares vested during the year (EUR)
    4,288       8,465       9,469  
Aggregate remaining contractual term of currently exercisable options (years)
    4.83       4.28       3.14  
Aggregate intrinsic value of exercisable stock options (EUR)
    11,671       77,813       71,524  
Aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding stock options (EUR)
    15,491       84,554       81,402  
 
 
 
Employee share issuances in 2010 are summarized as follows:
 
                                                                 

 
   
          Conditionally
                            Conditionally
       
          outstanding
    Number of
    Share
                outstanding
       
          shares at
    conditionally
    price at
                shares at
    End of
 
          January 1,
    shares
    grant
    Forfeited/
          December 31,
    vesting
 
Share plan   Year     2010     granted     date (EUR)     expired     Vested     2010     period  
Employee plan
    2007       42,570             24.26       (1,854 )     (40,716 )           10/19/2010  
Brion stock plan
    2007       110,675             17.50             (110,675 )           03/07/2010  
Brion performance stock plan
    2007       40,822             23.12       (2,000 )     (38,822 )           12/31/2010  
New hire performance stock plan
    2007       8,182             22.00       (2,727 )     (5,455 )           12/31/2010  
Senior management plan1
    2007       31,164             17.80       (5,662 )     (25,502 )           10/19/2010  
Employee plan
    2008       34,622             14.87       (1,180 )           33,442       07/18/2011  
Brion performance stock plan
    2008       134,752             12.95       (6,604 )     (64,074 )     64,074       12/31/2011  
New hire performance stock plan January
    2008       4,362             17.60       (727 )     (1,454 )     2,181       01/19/2011  
Incentive share plan January
    2008       2,500             17.60                   2,500       01/19/2011  
New hire performance stock plan July
    2008       22,698             14.83       (2,523 )     (5,044 )     15,131       12/31/2011  
New hire performance stock plan October
    2008       7,875             11.43             (2,625 )     5,250       10/17/2011  
Senior management plan
    2008       91,104             13.05       (9,257 )           81,847       07/18/2011  
Employee plan
    2009       93,150             24.14       (1,200 )           91,950       10/16/2012  
Senior management plan
    2009       225,875               19.85       (13,475 )           212,400       10/16/2012  
New hire performance stock plan January
    2010             27,066       23.38       (4,116 )           22,950       01/22/2013  
New hire performance stock plan April
    2010             6,595       25.59                   6,595       04/16/2013  
Brion performance stock plan
    2010             79,395       25.59                   79,395       04/16/2013  
Employee plan
    2010             118,100       23.37                   118,100       10/15/2013  
New hire performance stock plan October
    2010             9,042       23.37                   9,042       10/15/2013  
                                                                 
Total
            850,351       240,198               (51,325 )     (294,367 )     744,857          
 
 
In 2009, as a result of a change in the Board of Management shares were transferred between employee benefits and Board of Management remuneration.
 
 
Options granted under ASML’s stock option plans have fixed exercise prices equal to the closing price of the Company’s ordinary shares on Euronext Amsterdam on the applicable grant-dates. Granted stock options generally vest over a three-year period with any unexercised stock options expiring ten years after the grant-date.
 
 
The fair value of the stock options is determined using a Black-Scholes option valuation model.
 
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The Black-Scholes option valuation of the fair value of the Company’s stock options is based on the following assumptions:
 
                         

 
   
Year ended December 31   2008     2009     2010  
Weighted average share price (in EUR)
    12.5       16.7       24.1  
Volatility (in percentage)
    54.5       51.7       36.4  
Expected life (in years)
    4.9       4.6       4.6  
Risk free interest rate
    4.4       3.2       2.5  
Expected dividend yield (in EUR)
    1.15       1.06       1.06  
Forfeiture rate1
                 
 
 
For of the three years ended December 31, 2010, forfeitures are estimated to be nil.
 
 
When establishing the expected life assumption the Company annually takes into account the contractual terms of the options as well as historical employee exercise behavior.
 
 
Share-based payment plans
The Company has adopted various share and option plans for its employees. Each year, the Board of Management determines, by category of ASML personnel, the total available number of share options and maximum number of shares that can be granted in that year. The determination is subject to the approval of the Supervisory Board of the Company.
 
 
Senior management plan
The senior management plan consists of two parts, both including a half year performance condition based on a targeted Return On Average Invested Capital (“ROAIC”) and a three-year service condition. ROAIC is determined by dividing the average income (loss) from operations less provision for (benefit from) income taxes by the average invested capital. The average invested capital is determined by total assets less cash and cash equivalents, less current liabilities.
 
 
Shares are granted two times per year under the senior management plan. Stock options granted under the senior management plan have fixed exercise prices equal to the closing price of the Company’s ordinary shares on Euronext Amsterdam on the date the plan was communicated to senior management (announcement date). The fair value of shares is determined based on the closing price of the Company’s ordinary shares on Euronext Amsterdam on the announcement date. The announcement date may differ from the grant-date for reason of later approval and mutual understanding of the performance condition. Granted awards generally vest over a two to three-year period with any unexercised share options expiring ten years after the announcement date.
 
 
Employee plan
The employee plan includes a three-year service condition. Stock options granted under the employee plan have fixed exercise prices equal to the closing price of the Company’s ordinary shares on Euronext Amsterdam on the grant-date. The fair value of shares is determined based on the closing price of the Company’s ordinary shares on Euronext Amsterdam on the grant-date. Granted awards vest over a three-year period with any unexercised share options expiring ten years after the grant-date.
 
 
Employee Purchase Plan
Every quarter, ASML offers its worldwide payroll employees the opportunity to buy ASML shares or ASML share options against fair value out of their net salary. The fair value for shares is determined based on the closing price of the ordinary shares on Euronext Amsterdam on the grant-date. The fair value of the share options is determined using a Black-Scholes option valuation model. For the assumptions on which the Black-Scholes option valuation model is used, see the disclosure above under the caption “Share Option Plans”. The maximum net amount for which employees can participate in the plan amounts to 10.0 percent of gross base salary. When employees retain the shares and/or stock options for a minimum of 12 months, ASML will pay out a 20.0 percent cash bonus on the net invested amount.
 
 
New hire performance stock plan
Some new hires are eligible to conditional performance stock awards, under the conditions set out in the general terms and conditions. The maximum number of performance stock will be determined on the day of conditional grant and will be based upon the market fair value of an ASML share per that day. The ultimately awarded number of shares of performance stock will be determined on yearly targets over a three-year period of achievement. These targets are financial parameters relating to ROAIC parameters of a benchmark group or financial parameters relating to ASML ROAIC.
 
 
Brion stock plan
The Brion stock plan includes a three-year service condition. The fair value of the stock is determined based on the closing price of the Company’s ordinary shares on NASDAQ on the grant-date.
 
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Brion performance stock plan
The performance stock awards are conditional on the executive completing a three to four-year requisite service period and on achievement of the performance conditions. The performance target is based on multiple metrics, each with its own weight. The fair value of the stock is determined based on the closing price of the Company’s ordinary shares on the NASDAQ on the grant-date.
 
 
Brion stock option plan
At the effective date of the acquisition the existing stock options of Brion have been converted to ASML stock options leaving the vesting terms and conditions unchanged. The fair value of the stock options was determined using a Black-Scholes option valuation model. The fair value of the stock options relating to past services is part of the total purchase consideration. The fair value of the stock options relating to future services will be part of future compensation expenses. Granted awards vest over a four-year period.
 
 
Stock Option Extension Plans and Financing
In 2002, employees were offered an extension of the option period for options granted in 2000. As a result the option period was extended until 2012. Employees who accepted the extension became subject to additional exercise periods in respect of their options. At the modification date, there was no intrinsic value of the modified award because the exercise price under each plan still exceeded ASML’s share price on the modification date. As a result, these stock option extensions did not result in recognition of any compensation expense in accordance with ASC 718.
 
 
Stock option plans that were issued before 2001 were constructed with a virtual financing arrangement in compliance with the applicable laws and after obtaining the necessary corporate approvals, whereby ASML loaned the tax value of the options granted to employees subject to the Dutch tax-regime. The interest-free loans issued under this arrangement are repayable to ASML on the exercise date of the respective option, provided that the option is actually exercised. If the options expire unexercised, the loans are forgiven. ASML’s Supervisory Board approved the Stock Option Plans 2000 at the time, including the loans, as these were part of the Stock Option Plan.
 
 
In 2006, the Company launched a stock option plan for Dutch employees holding stock options granted in 2000 (option “A”), which expire in 2012. In this plan the Company granted options (option “B”) which only become effective after option “A” expires unexercised in 2012. The virtual employee loan in conjunction with option “A” will then be transferred to option “B” and consequentially gets the status of a perpetual loan. In total 932 employees chose to join this plan. Under the plan ASML granted 1,515,643 stock options and recognized additional compensation expenses of EUR 0.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2006.
 
 
Policy for issuing shares upon exercise
In 2010, 2009 and 2008, only repurchased shares were used to satisfy the option rights upon exercise.
 
 
17. Legal contingencies
ASML is party to various legal proceedings generally incidental to its business. ASML also faces exposure from other actual or potential claims and legal proceedings. In addition, ASML customers may be subject to claims of infringement from third parties alleging that the ASML equipment used by those customers in the manufacture of semiconductor products, and/or the methods relating to use of the ASML equipment, infringes one or more patents issued to those third parties. If these claims were successful, ASML could be required to indemnify such customers for some or all of any losses incurred or damages assessed against them as a result of that infringement.
 
 
The Company accrues for legal costs related to litigation in its statement of operations at the time when the related legal services are actually provided to ASML.
 
 
From late 2001 through 2004, the Company was party to a series of civil litigations and administrative proceedings in which Nikon alleged ASML’s infringement of Nikon patents relating to lithography. ASML in turn filed claims against Nikon. Pursuant to agreements executed on December 10, 2004, ASML, Zeiss and Nikon agreed to settle all pending worldwide patent litigation between the companies. The settlement included an exchange of releases, a patent Cross-License agreement related to lithography equipment used to manufacture semiconductor devices (the “Nikon Cross-License Agreement”) and payments to Nikon by ASML and Zeiss. In connection with the settlement, ASML and Zeiss made settlement payments to Nikon from 2004 to 2007. The license period for certain patents subject to the Nikon Cross-License Agreement, which were not perpetually licensed, ended on December 31, 2009. Pursuant to the terms of the Nikon Cross-License Agreement, the parties have agreed, from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2014 (the “Cross-License Transition Period”), not to bring suit for claims related to infringement of those patents or for claims related to infringement of patents issued during the Cross-License Transition Period. However, beginning on January 1, 2015, the parties may bring suit for infringement of patents subject to the Nikon Cross-License
 
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Agreement, including any infringement that occurred during the Cross-License Transition Period. Damages related to claims for patent infringement occurring during the Cross-License Transition Period are limited to three percent of the net sales price of products utilizing patents that are valid and enforceable.
 
 
18. Income taxes
The components of (provision for) benefit from income taxes are as follows:
 
                                 

 
   
Year Ended December 31
  2008
    2009
    2010
       
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR     EUR        
Current tax
    50,857       (29,970 )     (180,613 )        
Deferred tax
    (38,131 )     50,595       (40,090 )        
                                 
Total
    12,726       20,625       (220,703 )        
 
 
 
The Dutch statutory tax rate was 25.5 percent in 2010, 2009 and 2008. Tax amounts in other jurisdictions are calculated at the rates prevailing in the relevant jurisdictions.
 
 
The reconciliation between the (provision for) benefit from income taxes shown in the consolidated statements of operations, based on the effective tax rate, and expense based on the Dutch tax rate, is as follows:
 
                                                 

 
   
Year Ended December 31
  2008
          2009
          2010
       
(in thousands)   EUR     %     EUR     %     EUR     %  
Income (loss) from operations before income taxes
    309,644       100.0       (171,550 )     100.0       1,242,523       100.0  
Income tax (provision) benefit based on
the Company’s domestic rate
    (78,959 )     25.5       43,745       25.5       (316,843 )     25.5  
Effects of tax rates in foreign jurisdictions
    26,764       (8.6 )     18,482       10.8       35,865       (2.9 )
Adjustments in respect of changes in
                                               
the applicable tax rate
                            66,312       (5.3 )
Adjustments in respect of prior years’ current taxes
    80,390       (26.0 )     (36,267 )     (21.2 )     25,648       (2.1 )
Other credits and non-taxable items
    (15,469 )     5.0       (5,335 )     (3.1 )     (31,685 )     2.6  
                                                 
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes shown in the consolidated statements of operations
    12,726       (4.1 )     20,625       12.0       (220,703 )     17.8  
 
 
 
Income tax (Provision) benefit based on the Company’s domestic rate
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes is based on the Company’s domestic income tax rate and reflects the (provision for) benefit from income taxes that would have been applicable if all of the Company’s income (loss) was derived from its Dutch operations and there were no permanent book tax differences and no other tax facilities.
 
 
Effects of tax rates in foreign jurisdictions
A portion of ASML’s results are realized in countries other than the Netherlands where different tax rates are applicable.
 
 
Adjustments in respect of changes in the applicable tax rate
In December 2010, ASML reached agreement with the Dutch fiscal authorities regarding the application of the “Innovation Box”, a facility under Dutch corporate tax law pursuant to which income associated with R&D is partially exempted from taxation. This tax ruling has retroactive effect to January 1, 2007 and is valid through December 31, 2016. Thereafter the validity of this ruling may be extended or this ruling may be adapted depending on a possible change of circumstances. While the Company’s domestic nominal rate was 25.5 percent in 2010, for the ASML entities in the Dutch fiscal group, the tax rate is effectively reduced as a result of the Innovation Box effect for current and prior years. As a result certain Dutch deferred tax assets, Dutch deferred tax liabilities and other taxes will be realized in future years against the reduced effective tax rate resulting from the Innovation Box. The net effect amounts to EUR 26.8 million (loss) or 2.2 percent of income from operations before income taxes. The Innovation Box effect for the current year amounts to EUR 93.5 million (gain) or 7.5 percent of income from operations before income taxes.
 
 
At the end of 2010, the Dutch government enacted a tax rate reduction from 25.5 percent in 2010 to 25.0 percent in 2011. As a result, the value of certain Dutch deferred tax assets and liabilities was reduced by EUR 0.4 million (loss).
 
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Adjustments in respect of prior years’ current taxes
In 2008, ASML recognized income tax benefit of EUR 80.4 million or 26.0 percent of income from operations before income taxes mainly attributable to three items on which the Company reached agreement with the Dutch tax authorities (EUR 69.8 million including interest or 22.5 percent). These items were the treatment of taxable income related to ASML’s patent portfolio (application of the “Royalty Box”) in 2007, the valuation of intellectual property rights acquired in the past against historical exchange rates, and the treatment of taxable income related to a temporarily depreciated investment in ASML’s United States subsidiary, all of which had a favorable impact on the effective tax rate for 2008.
 
 
In 2009, ASML recognized tax expense of EUR 36.3 million or 21.2 percent of loss from operations before income taxes mainly attributable to the reversal of the 2007 Royalty Box benefit which had an unfavorable impact on the effective tax rate for 2009 (EUR 43.5 million including interest or 25.4 percent). In 2009, based on a tax law change effective January 1, 2010, ASML decided to reverse the Royalty Box benefits of 2007, as management at that time expected that a clean start of the Innovation Box (which under Dutch law replaced the Royalty Box as of January 1, 2010) in 2010 would result in a higher cumulative benefit for ASML.
 
 
In 2010, ASML recognized tax benefit of EUR 25.6 million or 2.1 percent of income from operations before income taxes mainly attributable to the application of the Innovation Box for prior years, which had a favorable effect on the effective tax rate for 2010 (EUR 37.5 million including interest or 3.0 percent).
 
 
Other credits and non-taxable items
Other credits and non-taxable items reflect the impact on statutory rates of permanent non-taxable items such as non-deductible taxes, non-deductible interest expense, and non-deductible meals and entertainment, as well as the impact of (the reversal of) various tax credits on the Company’s provision for income taxes and movements in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits.
 
 
Income taxes recognized directly in equity
Income taxes recognized directly in equity (including other comprehensive income) is as follows:
 
                         

 
   
Income tax recognized in equity
  2008
    2009
    2010
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR     EUR  
Current tax
                       
Derivative financial instruments1
    (16,081 )           8,262  
Share-based payments
    (2,144 )           (106 )
Deferred tax
                       
Derivative financial instruments1
          813        
Share-based payments
          (1,954 )      
                         
Total income tax recognized in equity
    (18,225 )     (1,141 )     8,156  
 
 
Recognized directly in Other Comprehensive Income.
 
 
Liability for unrecognized tax benefits and deferred taxes
The deferred tax position and liability for unrecognized tax benefits recorded on the balance sheet are as follows:
 
                 

 
   
As of December 31
  2009
    2010
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR  
Liability for unrecognized tax benefits
    (133,270 )     (162,066 )
Deferred tax position
    194,486       193,587  
                 
Total
    61,216       31,521  
 
 
 
Liability for unrecognized tax benefits
The calculation of the Company’s liability for unrecognized tax benefits involves uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws. The Company’s estimate for the potential outcome of any uncertain tax issue is highly judgmental. The Company believes that it has adequately provided for uncertain tax positions. However, settlement of these uncertain tax positions in a manner inconsistent with its expectations could have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
 
 
Consistent with the provisions of ASC 740, as of December 31, 2010, ASML has a liability for unrecognized tax benefits of EUR 162.1 million (2009: EUR 133.3 million). An amount of EUR 143.9 million of this liability for unrecognized tax benefits is
 
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classified as non-current deferred and other tax liabilities because payment of cash is not expected within one year, while an amount of EUR 18.2 million of this liability for unrecognized tax benefits is classified as current deferred and other tax liabilities because payment of cash is expected within one year. The 2009 liability for unrecognized tax benefits was classified as non-current deferred and other tax liabilities since at that time, payment of cash is not expected within one year. The total liability for unrecognized tax benefits, if reversed, would have a favorable effect on the Company’s effective tax rate.
 
 
Expected interest and penalties related to income tax liabilities have been accrued for and are included in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits and in the (provision for) benefit from income taxes. The balance of accrued interest and penalties recorded in the consolidated balance sheets of December 31, 2010 amounted to EUR 33.8 million (2009: EUR 28.5 million). Accrued interest and penalties recorded in the consolidated statements of operations of 2010 amounted to EUR 5.3 million (2009: EUR 4.9 million; 2008: EUR 2.1 million) and are included under (provision for) benefit from income taxes.
 
 
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance of the liability for unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
 
                 

 
   
As of December 31
  2009
    2010
 
(in millions)   EUR     EUR  
Balance, January 1
    124.2       133.3  
Gross increases – tax positions in prior period
    6.4       8.6  
Gross decreases – tax positions in prior period
    (1.8 )     (1.1 )
Gross increases – tax positions in current period
    10.6       24.7  
Settlements
    (4.3 )     (3.4 )
Lapse of statute of limitations
    (1.8 )      
                 
Total liability for unrecognized tax benefits
    133.3       162.1  
Less: current portion of liability for unrecognized tax benefits
          18.2  
Non-current portion of liability for unrecognized tax benefits
    133.3       143.9  
 
 
 
For the year ended December 31, 2010, there were no material changes compared to 2009 related to the liability for unrecognized tax benefits that impacted the Company’s effective tax rate.
 
 
The Company estimates that the total liability for unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by EUR 30.0 million within the next 12 months. The estimated changes to the liability for unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months are mainly due to a cash payment in order to be able to contest the assessment, expected settlements and expiration of statute of limitations.
 
 
The Company is subject to tax audits in its major tax jurisdictions for years from and including 2007 onwards in the Netherlands, for years from and including 2004 onwards for Hong Kong, and for years from and including 2001 onwards for the United States. In the course of such audits, local tax authorities may challenge the positions taken by the Company. For the years 2004 and 2005, the applicable tax rate of taxable profits is subject to tax audits in certain tax jurisdictions.
 
 
Deferred tax position
The changes in deferred income tax assets and liabilities consist of the following elements:
 
                 

 
   
Changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities
  2009
    2010
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR  
Balance, January 1
    134,268       194,486  
Income statement
    59,639       (11,943 )
Equity
    1,141        
Exchange differences
    (562 )     11,044  
                 
Balance, December 31
    194,486       193,587  
 
 
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The deferred tax position is classified in the consolidated financial statements as follows:
 
                 

 
   
As of December 31
  2009
    2010
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR  
Deferred tax assets – current
    119,404       134,429  
Deferred tax assets – non-current
    133,263       71,008  
Total deferred tax assets
    252,667       205,437  
Deferred tax liabilities – current
    (3,047 )     (65 )
Deferred tax liabilities – non-current
    (55,134 )     (11,785 )
Total deferred tax liabilities
    (58,181 )     (11,850 )
                 
Total
    194,486       193,587  
 
 
 
Non-current deferred tax assets decreased as a result of a reduction of the effective tax rate in the Netherlands pursuant to the application of the Innovation Box and a reduction of the Dutch statutory income tax rate to 25.0 percent as of January 1, 2011. In addition non-current deferred tax assets decreased as a result of a decrease in R&D costs which are tax deductible in future years. Both current and non-current deferred tax assets decreased as a result of the use of tax carry-forward losses in 2010 in the Netherlands and the United States. For the current deferred tax assets, this decrease was more than offset by an increase in deferred tax assets relating to work-in-process inventories. Furthermore, non-current deferred tax liabilities decreased mainly relating to a temporarily depreciated investment which was repaid in the period 2006 through 2010 in five equal installments. As of December 31, 2010, this repayment obligation has been fulfilled.
 
 
The composition of total deferred tax assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements is as follows:
 
                                         

 
   
Deferred tax assets
                             
Composition of
        Income
          Exchange
       
temporary differences
  January 1, 2009
    statement
    Equity
    differences
    December 31, 2009
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR  
Tax effect carry-forward losses
    57,832       48,977       1,141       (890 )     107,060  
Inventories
    33,298       2,456             3       35,757  
Capitalized research and development expenditures
    43,522       (10,240 )           (34 )     33,248  
Bilateral advance pricing agreement1
    20,856       (6,379 )           (87 )     14,390  
Fixed assets
    5,840       7,821             (271 )     13,390  
Provisions
    16,406       (4,018 )           34       12,422  
Restructuring and impairment
    12,840       (5,248 )           412       8,004  
Share-based payments
    3,445       1,426             (74 )     4,797  
Deferred revenue
    6,107       (1,858 )           (14 )     4,235  
Installation and warranty reserve
    4,718       (1,041 )           68       3,745  
Alternative minimum tax credits2
    3,016       (151 )           31       2,896  
Other temporary differences
    12,033       567             123       12,723  
                                         
Total
    219,913       32,312       1,141       (699 )     252,667  
 
 
The Bilateral advance pricing agreement relates to intellectual property which is capitalized from a tax perspective resulting in a temporary difference.
Alternative minimum tax credits relate to prepaid United States taxes which are credited against future taxable profits after the carry-forward losses used.
 
                                         

 
   
Deferred tax liabilities
                             
Composition of
        Income
          Exchange
       
temporary differences
  January 1, 2009
    statement
    Equity
    differences
    December 31, 2009
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR  
Temporary depreciation investments1
    (72,587 )     36,294                   (36,293 )
Fixed assets
          (7,508 )           154       (7,354 )
Brion intellectual property
    (8,862 )     1,953             21       (6,888 )
Transfer pricing
          (2,878 )           (108 )     (2,986 )
Borrowing costs
    (2,020 )     (696 )                 (2,716 )
Other temporary differences
    (2,176 )     162             70       (1,944 )
                                         
Total
    (85,645 )     27,327             137       (58,181 )
 
 
The Company has temporarily depreciated part of its investments in its United States group companies which has been deducted from the taxable base in the Netherlands.
 
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Deferred tax assets
                             
Composition of
        Income
          Exchange
       
temporary differences
  January 1, 2010
    statement
    Equity
    differences
    December 31, 2010
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR  
Tax effect carry-forward losses
    107,060       (84,794 )           5,490       27,756  
Inventories
    35,757       34,155             1,212       71,124  
Capitalized research and development expenditures
    33,248       (7,504 )           1,495       27,239  
Bilateral advance pricing agreement1
    14,390       (6,778 )           381       7,993  
Fixed assets
    13,390       (9,244 )           240       4,386  
Provisions
    12,422       8,671             735       21,828  
Restructuring and impairment
    8,004       (2,572 )           642       6,074  
Share-based payments
    4,797       (3,488 )           369       1,678  
Deferred revenue
    4,235       6,475             180       10,890  
Installation and warranty reserve
    3,745       4,137             210       8,092  
Alternative minimum tax credits2
    2,896       1,588             174       4,658  
Other temporary differences
    12,723       (916 )           1,912       13,719  
                                         
Total
    252,667       (60,270 )           13,040       205,437  
 
 
The Bilateral advance pricing agreement relates to intellectual property which is capitalized from a tax perspective resulting in a temporary difference.
Alternative minimum tax credits relate to prepaid United States taxes which are credited against future taxable profits after the carry-forward losses used.
 
                                         

 
   
Deferred tax liabilities
                             
Composition of
        Income
          Exchange
    December 31,
 
temporary differences
  January 1, 2010
    statement
    Equity
    differences
    2010
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR  
Temporary depreciation investments1
    (36,293 )     36,293                    
Fixed assets
    (7,354 )     (1,741 )           (566 )     (9,661 )
Brion intellectual property
    (6,888 )     7,981             (1,093 )      
Transfer pricing
    (2,986 )     3,237             (251 )      
Borrowing costs
    (2,716 )     1,485                   (1,231 )
Other temporary differences
    (1,944 )     1,072             (86 )     (958 )
                                         
Total
    (58,181 )     48,327             (1,996 )     (11,850 )
 
 
The Company has temporarily depreciated part of its investments in its United States group companies which has been deducted from the taxable base in the Netherlands.
 
 
Tax effect carry-forward losses
Deferred tax assets from carry-forward losses result predominantly from net operating loss carry-forwards incurred in the Netherlands and the United States prior to 2010. Available Dutch net operating losses were fully utilized to offset taxable income during 2010.
 
 
Net operating losses qualified as tax losses under United States federal tax laws incurred by United States group companies can in general be offset against future profits realized in the 20 years following the year in which the losses are incurred. The Company’s ability to use its carry forward United States federal tax losses in existence at December 31, 2010, will expire in the period 2021 through 2023. Net operating losses qualified as tax losses under United States state tax laws incurred by United States group companies can in general be offset against future profits realized in the 5 to 20 years following the year in which the losses are incurred. The period of net operating loss carry forward for United States state tax purposes depends on the state in which the tax loss arose. The Company’s ability to use United States state tax loss carry forwards in existence at December 31, 2010, is subject to varying state statutes (providing for periods of between 5 and 20 years) and valuation allowances have been set up for state carry forward losses that are not expected to be realized before they expire. The total amount of losses carried forward under United States federal tax laws as of December 31, 2010, is EUR 72.1 million tax basis or EUR 27.8 million tax effect. Management believes that all qualified federal tax losses will be offset by future taxable income before the Company’s ability to utilize those losses expires. This analysis takes into account the Company’s projected future taxable income from operations and possible tax planning alternatives available to the Company.
 
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19. Segment disclosure
Segment information has been prepared in accordance with ASC 280, “Segment Reporting” (ASC 280).
 
 
ASML operates in one reportable segment for the development, manufacturing, marketing and servicing of lithography equipment. In accordance with ASC 280, ASML’s Chief Executive Officer has been identified as the chief operating decision-maker, who reviews operating results to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance for the entire Company.
 
 
Management reporting includes net system sales figures of new and used systems. Net sales for new and used systems were as follows:
 
                         

 
   
Year Ended December 31
  2008
    2009
    2010
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR     EUR  
New systems
    2,346,337       993,260       3,704,290  
Used systems
    170,425       181,598       190,452  
                         
                         
Net system sales
    2,516,762       1,174,858       3,894,742  
 
 
 
In 2010, net sales increased by 182.4 percent to EUR 4,507.9 million from EUR 1,596.1 million in 2009 (2008: EUR 2,953.7 million). The increase in net sales was caused by the recovery of the semiconductor equipment industry, which started in the second half of 2009 and continued in 2010, as customers invested in KrF systems for basic capacity growth and new leading-edge immersion technology, for enabling new technology ramp-ups. In contrast, the first half of 2009, was characterized by the collapse of the semiconductor equipment demand as a result of the financial and economic crisis.
 
 
For geographical reporting, net sales are attributed to the geographic location in which the customers’ facilities are located. Identifiable assets are attributed to the geographic location in which these assets are located. Net sales and identifiable assets (total assets excluding goodwill and other intangible assets) by geographic region were as follows:
 
                 

 
   
Year Ended December 31
  Net sales
    Identifiable assets
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR  
2008
               
Japan
    437,202       239,746  
Korea
    909,941       12,204  
Singapore
    72,245       5,174  
Taiwan
    361,808       62,509  
Rest of Asia
    252,713       374,285  
Europe
    280,040       2,788,0911  
United States
    639,729       337,324  
                 
Total
    2,953,678       3,819,333  
                 
2009
               
Japan
    41,075       103,399  
Korea
    377,677       24,931  
Singapore
    155,825       7,987  
Taiwan
    440,222       63,502  
Rest of Asia
    144,004       398,959  
Europe
    68,652       2,609,3191  
United States
    368,608       406,464  
                 
Total
    1,596,063       3,614,561  
                 
2010
               
Japan
    396,748       345,160  
Korea
    1,396,028       31,859  
Singapore
    215,357       17,189  
Taiwan
    1,380,400       77,125  
Rest of Asia
    239,914       1,749,879  
Europe
    203,548       3,382,117  
United States
    675,943       422,092  
                 
Total
    4,507,938       6,025,421  
 
 
As of January 1, 2010 ASML adopted ASC 810 “Amendments to FIN 46(R)” which resulted in the consolidation of the VIE that owns ASML’s headquarters in Veldhoven, the Netherlands. The comparative figures for 2008 and 2009 have been adjusted to reflect this change in accounting policy. See Note 1 and Note 11.
 
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In 2010, sales to the largest customer accounted for EUR 1,270.8 million or 28.2 percent of net sales (2009: EUR 348.8 million or 21.9 percent of net sales; 2008: EUR 754.4 million or 25.5 percent of net sales). ASML’s three largest customers (based on net sales) accounted for 42.4 percent of accounts receivable at December 31, 2010, 44.0 percent of accounts receivable at December 31, 2009, and 42.2 percent of accounts receivable at December 31, 2008.
 
 
Substantially all of ASML’s sales were export sales in 2010, 2009 and 2008.
 
 
20. Board of Management and Supervisory Board remuneration
The remuneration of the members of the Board of Management is determined by the Supervisory Board on the advice of the Remuneration Committee, in cooperation with the Audit Committee and the Technology and Strategy Committee of the Supervisory Board. The Supervisory Board, upon recommendation of its Remuneration Committee, submitted an update of the Remuneration Policy for the Board of Management to the General Meeting of Shareholders, which was adopted on March 24, 2010 (the “2010 remuneration policy”). Under the 2010 remuneration policy, the level of total direct compensation was maintained although adjustments were made to better reflect:
 
 
1. The shifting focus from short-term incentives (“STI”) to long-term incentives (“LTI”);
 
 
2. Further improved alignment of performance criteria to business needs; and
 
 
3. Alignment of the pension arrangement with the adjusted excedent pension arrangement for ASML employees in the Netherlands and with common market practice for executive pensions in the Netherlands.
 
 
The 2010 Remuneration Policy enables ASML to continue to attract, reward and retain qualified and experienced industry professionals in an international labor market. The remuneration structure and levels are determined by referencing to the market median of the appropriate top executive reference markets by benchmarking positions. The total remuneration consists of base salary, short-term performance incentives (in cash), long-term performance incentives (in shares) and other benefits.
 
 
Total direct compensation, pension and other benefits
Total direct compensation consists of base salary, a short-term performance incentive in the form of cash and a long-term performance incentive in the form of shares. In addition, the remuneration of the board of management contains pension and other benefits.
 
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The remuneration of the members of the Board of Management in 2010, 2009 and 2008 was as follows:
 
                                                                 

 
   
                            Total
       
          Fixed     Short-term (variable)     Long-term (variable)     Remuneration     Other  
                                              Other benefits
 
          Base
    STI
    Option
                      and expense
 
    Financial
    salary
    (Cash)1
    awards2
    LTI (share awards)3
    Total5
    Pension6
    reimbursement7
 
    Year     EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR  
E. Meurice
    2010       757,000       566,236       42,648       935,617 4     2,301,501       136,697       132,630  
      2009       735,000       507,150       466,164       1,042,576       2,750,890       91,950       141,377  
      2008       735,000       414,569       279,316       1,194,544       2,623,429       91,982       129,845  
 
 
                                                                 
P.T.F.M. Wennink
    2010       469,000       280,650       26,401       579,321 4     1,355,372       84,229       43,627  
      2009       455,000       251,160       288,578       646,055       1,640,793       56,317       44,886  
      2008       455,000       205,311       172,929       747,238       1,580,478       56,350       49,209  
 
 
                                                                 
M.A. van den Brink
    2010       497,000       297,405       28,025       617,004 4     1,439,434       90,388       44,817  
      2009       483,000       266,616       306,336       681,179       1,737,131       59,880       44,992  
      2008       483,000       217,945       183,276       785,809       1,670,030       59,913       43,686  
 
 
                                                                 
F.J. van Hout
    2010       412,000       246,541       23,209       471,700       1,153,450       65,300       34,549  
      2009       400,000       220,800       241,522       123,111       985,433       40,800       35,199  
      2008                                            
 
 
                                                                 
F. Schneider-Maunoury8
    2010       400,000       239,360             326,947       966,307       55,011       34,788  
      2009       33,333       58,095                   91,428       4,736       3,163  
      2008                                            
 
 
Actual STI (cash) chargeable to the company in the financial year (i.e. STI relating to performance in the current year but paid out in the next financial year). The accrued STI (cash) with respect to 2009 were paid out after ASML achieved a cumulative income from operations of at least 100 million Euro in two consecutive quarters after January 1, 2010. This was achieved on the basis of the first and second quarter results for 2010. The 2008 short-term incentives (cash) for Mr. Meurice, Mr. Wennink and Mr. van den Brink were partly paid in unconditional shares on February 3, 2009.
The remuneration reported as part of the option awards is based on costs incurred under U.S. GAAP. The costs of the option awards are based on the actual vested number of option awards multiplied by the fair value of the option awards at grant date and are recorded in the statements of operations on a straight line basis over the vesting period. The 2009 number of option awards that actually vested was 100 percent, whereas the 2008 number of option awards that actually vested was 50 percent.
The remuneration reported as part of the LTI (share awards) is based on costs incurred under U.S. GAAP. The costs of share awards are charged to the statements of operations over the three year vesting period based on the maximum achievable number of share awards. Therefore the costs for the financial year 2010 include costs of the Board of Management performance share plan 2010, 2009 and 2008. Furthermore, the difference between the amount based on the maximum achievable number of share awards and the amount based on the actual number of share awards that vest, is released to the statements of operations in the financial year in which the share awards vest.
The remuneration reported as part of the LTI (share awards) for the year 2010 includes a correction for the Board of Management performance share plan 2007 based on the actual number of share awards vested in 2010. The correction for Mr. Meurice, Mr. Wennink and for Mr. van den Brink amounts to EUR −296,287, EUR −183,612 and EUR −191,972, respectively.
This total reflects base salary, STI (cash), option awards and LTI (share awards).
The pension arrangement has been adjusted upwards to match common market practice as from 2010. Furthermore, since the pension arrangement for members of the Board of Management is a defined contribution plan, the Company does not have additional pension obligations beyond the annual premium contribution. As per 2010, the employee contribution to the pension plan is 4 percent of the pension base.
Other benefits and expense reimbursement include housing costs, company car costs, social security costs, health and disability insurance costs and representation allowances. As of 2009, all other benefits and expense reimbursement are gross amounts. Comparative figures for the year 2008 have been adjusted.
For 2009, the remuneration for Mr. Schneider-Maunoury regards only the month December.
 
 
Short-term incentive
The annual performance-related STI will have an on-target level of 75.0 percent of base salary for the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and 60.0 percent for the other members of the Board of Management. The payouts are pro-rated, on a linear basis to the level of achievement of six performance criteria of which the weighting of each of the first five quantitative criteria is equal (80.0 percent in total) and the weighting of the sixth target, being based on qualitative objectives, is 20.0 percent. Of the five quantitative performance criteria, three are based on the achievement of measurable financial targets, one on technology based objectives and one on achievements in the market place. Additionally, the qualitative target is based on the achievement of agreed key objectives. The setting of the first four targets is semi-annual; the setting of the fifth and sixth targets is annual. The overall payout is annual and the cash incentive is accrued during the performance period. On January 17, 2011, the Remuneration Committee evaluated the Board of Managements’ performance on these six criteria and based on this evaluation, the payout level was determined to be 99.7 percent of the target level.
 
 
Performance Stock Options
In order to shift the focus from the short-term to the long-term, performance stock options are not a part of the new 2010 Remuneration Policy. The value of this part of the remuneration has been moved into the long-term incentive plan which is paid in shares. 2009 was the final year in which performance stock options were granted to the members of the Board of Management, which means the actual number of performance stock options for 2009 achievement were awarded for the last time in 2010. Once the options are unconditionally awarded after fulfillment of the performance conditions, the options will be retained (lock-up period)
 
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by the Board of Management member for at least two years after the date of unconditional award or until the termination of employment, whichever period is shorter. The fair value of the options granted is determined based on the Black-Scholes option valuation model.
 
 
Details of options awarded to members of the Board of Management are set out below:
 
                                                         

 
   
                      Number of
    Fair value
          Number of
 
                      options
    at grant
          options
 
                      at grant
    date1
          at vesting
 
    Grant date     Status     Full control     date     (EUR)     Vesting date     date  
E. Meurice
    02/02/2009       Unconditional       No       84,895       5.73       02/02/2010       84,895  
      02/04/2008       Unconditional       No       84,895       6.41       02/04/2009       42,448  
      01/17/2007       Unconditional       Yes       100,154       6.74       01/17/2008       95,146  
                                                         
                                                         
P.T.F.M. Wennink
    02/02/2009       Unconditional       No       52,554       5.73       02/02/2010       52,554  
      02/04/2008       Unconditional       No       52,554       6.41       02/04/2009       26,277  
      01/17/2007       Unconditional       Yes       62,067       6.74       01/17/2008       58,964  
                                                         
                                                         
M.A. van den Brink
    02/02/2009       Unconditional       No       55,788       5.73       02/02/2010       55,788  
      02/04/2008       Unconditional       No       55,788       6.41       02/04/2009       27,894  
      01/17/2007       Unconditional       Yes       64,888       6.74       01/17/2008       61,644  
                                                         
                                                         
F.J. van Hout2
    02/02/2009       Unconditional       No       46,201       5.73       02/02/2010       46,201  
      07/18/2008       Unconditional       No       8,000       5.45       07/18/2011       8,000  
                                                         
                                                         
F. Schneider-Maunoury
                                         
 
 
The fair value of the option award as of the grant date
The options granted to Mr. Van Hout on and before October 17, 2008, relate to his pre-Board of Management period at ASML
 
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Details of vested options held by members of the Board of Management to purchase ordinary shares of ASML Holding N.V. are set out below:
 
                                                                 

 
   
                Share
          Free
    With lock-up
             
                price on
          tradable
    restriction
    Exercise
       
    Jan. 1,
    Exercised
    exercise date
    Vested
    (Dec. 31,
    (Dec. 31,
    price
    Expiration
 
    2010     during 2010     (EUR)     during 2010     2010)     2010)     (EUR)     date  
E. Meurice
    125,000                         125,000             10.62       10/15/2014  
      57,770                         57,770             11.53       01/19/2015  
      12,500                         12,500             11.52       01/21/2015  
      88,371                         88,371             17.90       01/18/2016  
      95,146                         95,146             20.39       01/17/2017  
      42,448                               42,448       17.20       02/04/2018  
                        84,895             84,895       12.39       02/02/2019  
                                                                 
                                                                 
P.T.F.M. Wennink
    31,500                         31,500             58.00       01/20/2012  
      32,379       12,379       23.08             20,000             11.53       01/19/2015  
      56,236                         56,236             17.90       01/18/2016  
      58,964                         58,964             20.39       01/17/2017  
      26,277                               26,277       17.20       02/04/2018  
                        52,554             52,554       12.39       02/02/2019  
                                                                 
                                                                 
M.A. van den Brink
    31,500                         31,500             58.00       01/20/2012  
      59,098       19,098       23.08             40,000             17.90       01/18/2016  
      61,644                         61,644             20.39       01/17/2017  
      27,894                               27,894       17.20       02/04/2018  
                        55,788             55,788       12.39       02/02/2019  
                                                                 
                                                                 
F.J. van Hout
    4,100       4,100       23.08                         7.88       01/20/2013  
      15,000                         15,000             10.11       07/18/2013  
      1,365       1,365       23.08                         10.11       07/18/2013  
      10,000                         10,000             17.34       01/19/2014  
      20,000                         20,000             12.02       07/16/2014  
      9,000                         9,000             11.56       04/15/2015  
      14,000                         14,000             17.90       10/20/2016  
      1,388                         1,388             24.26       10/19/2017  
      3,987                         3,987             11.43       10/17/2018  
                        46,201             46,201       12.39       02/02/2019  
                                                                 
                                                                 
F. Schneider-Maunoury
                                               
 
 
 
Long-term incentive
The members of the Board of Management are eligible to receive performance shares which will be awarded annually under the condition of fulfillment of predetermined performance targets, which are measured over a period of three calendar years. The performance measures for obtaining performance targets will be ASML’s ROAIC position compared with the Peer Group (weighted 80.0 percent) and a qualitative target related to ASML’s long-term ability to keep performing at high standards (weighted 20.0 percent).
 
 
The maximum number of performance shares to be conditionally awarded will equal 146.25 percent of base salary divided by the value of one performance share (i.e. reflecting maximum achievement). ASML defines stretching targets, whereas for on target achievement, the value of performance shares will be 80 percent of base salary.
 
 
For the determination of the number of performance shares that will be conditionally awarded, ASML applies a fixed number approach. Under this approach, the number of shares is fixed for two consecutive years. Every two years, the fixed number is calculated using the maximum achievable value of 146.25 percent of base salary divided by the value of the performance share at the moment of grant in the respective year. In 2010, the fixed number calculation has been conducted.
 
 
Once the shares are unconditionally awarded after fulfillment of the performance conditions, the shares will be retained (for a lock-up period) by the Board of Management member for at least two years after the date of unconditional award or until the termination of employment, whichever period is shorter. ASML accounts for this share award performance plan as a variable plan.
 
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Details of performance shares granted to members of the Board of Management are as follows:
 
                                                         

 
   
                      Number of
    Fair value at
          Number of
 
                      shares at
    grant date1
    Vesting
    shares
 
    Grant date     Status     Full control     grant date     (EUR)     date     at vesting date  
E. Meurice
    02/01/2010       Conditional       No       88,732       22.93       02/01/2013        
      02/02/2009       Conditional       No       57,002       13.05       02/02/2012        
      02/04/2008       Conditional       No       57,002       18.18       02/04/2011        
      01/17/2007       Unconditional       No       66,338       20.39       01/17/2010       51,807  
      01/18/2006       Unconditional       No       72,136       17.90       01/18/2009       72,136  
      01/19/2005       Unconditional       Yes       36,972       11.53       01/19/2008       36,972  
                                                         
                                                         
P.T.F.M. Wennink
    02/01/2010       Conditional       No       54,974       22.93       02/01/2013        
      02/02/2009       Conditional       No       35,287       13.05       02/02/2012        
      02/04/2008       Conditional       No       35,287       18.18       02/04/2011        
      01/17/2007       Unconditional       No       41,111       20.39       01/17/2010       32,106  
      01/18/2006       Unconditional       No       45,905       17.90       01/18/2009       45,905  
      01/19/2005       Unconditional       Yes       20,721       11.53       01/19/2008       20,721  
                                                         
                                                         
M.A. van den Brink
    02/01/2010       Conditional       No       58,256       22.93       02/01/2013        
      02/02/2009       Conditional       No       37,458       13.05       02/02/2012        
      02/04/2008       Conditional       No       37,458       18.18       02/04/2011        
      01/17/2007       Unconditional       No       42,980       20.39       01/17/2010       33,565  
      01/18/2006       Unconditional       No       48,241       17.90       01/18/2009       48,241  
      01/19/2005       Unconditional       Yes       25,902       11.53       01/19/2008       25,902  
                                                         
                                                         
F.J. van Hout2
    02/01/2010       Conditional       No       48,293       22.93       02/01/2013        
      02/02/2009       Conditional       No       31,021       13.05       02/02/2012        
      07/18/2008       Conditional       No       4,000       17.20       07/18/2011        
      10/19/2007       Unconditional       Yes       3,334       20.39       10/19/2010       1,667  
                                                         
                                                         
F. Schneider-Maunoury
    02/01/2010       Conditional       No       46,886       22.93       02/01/2013        
 
 
The fair value of the shares as of the grant date.
The shares granted to Mr. Van Hout on and before October 17, 2008, relate to his pre-Board of Management period at ASML. No lock-up period is applicable for the shares granted to Mr. Van Hout in his pre-Board of Management period.
 
 
Pension Benefits
Members of the Board of Management are offered a pension plan based on defined contribution. The total defined contribution is a percentage of the pensionable salary and is dependent on the participant’s age at the beginning of the year. the Supervisory Board decided to adjust the pension arrangement for the Board of Management to be in line with common market practice.
 
 
Benefits upon termination of employment
 
Term of appointment/employment
Members of the Board of Management appointed after the 2004 amendment of the Articles of Association, are appointed for a period of four years, after which reappointment is possible for consecutive four-year terms. Messrs. P. Wennink and M. van den Brink’s appointment to the Board of Management is for an indefinite period of time, as their initial appointment was before 2004. The existing employment contracts, including all rights and obligations under these contracts, will be honored.
 
 
Severance agreement
Employment agreements with the Board of Management members concluded prior to March 31, 2004 (i.e. Messrs. Wennink and Van den Brink) do not contain specific provisions regarding benefits upon termination of those agreements. Potential severance payments in such case will be according to applicable law (e.g. cantonal formula in the Netherlands).
 
 
Employment agreements for members of the Board of Management appointed after March 31, 2004 (i.e. Messrs. Meurice, Van Hout and Schneider-Maunoury) do contain specific provisions regarding benefits upon termination of those agreements.
 
 
If the Company gives notice of termination of the employment agreement for reasons which are exclusively or mainly found in acts or omissions on the side of the Board of Management member, no severance amount will be granted. If this is not the case,
 
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a severance amount equal to one year base salary or a severance consistent with the Dutch Labor laws will be made available upon the effective date of termination.
 
 
This severance payment will also be made available in case the Board of Management member gives notice of termination of the employment agreement due to a significant difference of opinion between the respective executives and the Supervisory Board regarding his employment agreement, his function or the Company’s strategy.
 
 
Change in control
Board of Management members with an employment agreement dated after March 31, 2004 (i.e. Messrs. Meurice, Van Hout and Schneider-Maunoury) shall also be entitled to the aforementioned severance amount in the event ASML or its legal successor gives notice of termination due to a Change of Control (as defined in the employment agreement) or if the Board of Management member gives notice of termination, which is directly related to such Change of Control and such notice is given within twelve months from the date on which the Change of Control occurs.
 
 
Supervisory Board
The annual remuneration for Supervisory Board members covers the period from one Annual General Meeting of Shareholders to the next one. The annual remuneration is paid in quarterly installments starting after the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders.
 
 
The following table sets forth an overview of the remuneration awarded to Supervisory Board Members in 2010 and 2009:
 
                                                         

 
   
                            Selection and
    Technology
       
          Supervisory
    Audit
    Remuneration
    Nomination
    and Strategy
       
Year ended December 31   2010     Board     Committee     Committee     Committee     Committee     Other1  
Arthur P.M. van der Poel
    80,000       55,000       10,000             7,500       7,500        
Jos W.B. Westerburgen
    60,000       40,000             10,000       10,000              
OB Bilous
    95,000       70,000                   7,500       7,500       10,000  
Frits W. Fröhlich
    55,000       40,000       15,000                          
Hendrika (Ieke) C.J. van den Burg
    47,500       40,000             7,500                    
William T. Siegle
    80,000       70,000                         10,000        
Pauline F.M. van der Meer Mohr
    47,500       40,000             7,500                    
Wolfgang H. Ziebart
    57,500       40,000       10,000                   7,500        
                                                         
Total
    522,500       395,000       35,000       25,000       25,000       32,500       10,000  
 
 
                                                         

 
   
                            Selection and
    Technology
       
          Supervisory
    Audit
    Remuneration
    Nomination
    and Strategy
       
Year ended December 31   2009     Board     Committee     Committee     Committee     Committee     Other1  
Arthur P.M. van der Poel
    80,000       55,000       10,000             7,500       7,500        
Jos W.B. Westerburgen
    60,000       40,000             10,000       10,000              
OB Bilous
    95,000       70,000                   7,500       7,500       10,000  
Frits W. Fröhlich
    55,000       40,000       15,000                          
Hendrika (Ieke) C.J. van den Burg
    47,500       40,000             7,500                    
William T. Siegle
    79,375       69,375                         10,000        
Pauline F.M. van der Meer Mohr2,3
    47,500       40,000             7,500                    
Wolfgang H. Ziebart2
    43,125       25,625       10,000                   7,500        
J.A. Dekker4
    15,000                   7,500             7,500        
                                                         
Total
    522,500       380,000       35,000       32,500       25,000       40,000       10,000  
                                                         
 
 
To compensate for certain obligations ASML has towards the U.S. government as a result of the merger with SVG in 2001, one U.S. member receives an additional EUR 10,000 to fulfill these obligations.
Membership started March 26, 2009.
The amount paid to Ms. P. van der Meer Mohr in 2009 consists of an amount paid to Ms. P. van der Meer Mohr as observer to the Supervisory Board prior to her appointment, and an amount for her membership of the Supervisory Board and Remuneration Committee.
Membership ended March 26, 2009.
 
 
In addition, a net cost allowance was paid to each Supervisory Board member in 2010, amounting to EUR 1,800 per year, and EUR 2,400 per year for the Chairman of the Supervisory Board.
 
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Members of the Board of Management and/or Supervisory Board are free to acquire or dispose of ASML shares or options for their own account, provided they comply with the applicable ASML Insider Trading Rules. Those securities are not part of members’ remuneration from the Company and are therefore not included.
 
 
21. Selected operating expenses and additional information
Personnel expenses for all payroll employees were:
 
                         

 
   
Year ended December 31
  2008
    2009
    2010
 
(in thousands)   EUR     EUR     EUR  
Wages and salaries
    477,374       436,888       551,683  
Social security expenses
    37,877       38,533       42,468  
Pension and retirement expenses
    39,045       39,825       40,593  
Share-based payments
    13,535       13,394       12,109  
                         
                         
                         
Personnel expenses
    567,831       528,640       646,853  
 
 
 
The average number of payroll employees in FTEs employed during 2010, 2009 and 2008 was 6,785, 6,624 and 6,840 respectively. The total number of payroll personnel employed in FTEs per sector was:
 
                         

 
   
As of December 31   2008     2009     2010  
Customer Support
    2,389       1,910       2,236  
SG&A
    667       679       727  
Industrial Engineering
          277       398  
Manufacturing & Logistics
    1,731       1,639       2,475  
R&D
    3,010       2,813       3,225  
Sourcing
    462       367       125  
Quality & Process Improvement
                59  
                         
                         
                         
Total employees (in FTEs)
    8,259       7,685       9,245  
Less: Temporary employees (in FTEs)
    1,329       1,137       2,061  
                         
                         
                         
Payroll employees (in FTEs)
    6,930       6,548       7,184  
 
 
 
In 2010, 2009 and 2008, a total of 3,805, 3,601 and 3,510 (on average) payroll employees in FTEs in the Company’s operations (excluding temporary employees), respectively, were employed in the Netherlands.
 
 
22. Research and development costs
R&D costs include credits for an amount of EUR 29.5 million, EUR 28.1 million and EUR 22.2 million during 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. R&D credits relate to world-wide (inter)governmental funding for certain strategic development programs.
 
 
23. Interest income and expense
Interest income of EUR 15.1 million (2009: EUR 42.8 million and 2008: EUR 72.5 million) mainly relates to interest income on deposits, money market funds and on bank accounts, of which EUR 3.6 million (2009: EUR 27.9 million and 2008 EUR 12.9 million) relates to interest on cash pools which is reported on a gross basis in the consolidated statements of operations. From an economic and legal perspective this EUR 3.6 million (2009: EUR 27.9 million and 2008: EUR 12.9 million) interest income nets off against the same amount of interest expense.
 
 
24. Vulnerability due to certain concentrations
ASML relies on outside vendors to manufacture the components and subassemblies used in its systems, each of which is obtained from a sole supplier or a limited number of suppliers. ASML’s reliance on a limited group of suppliers involves several risks, including a potential inability to obtain an adequate supply of required components and reduced control over pricing and timely delivery of these subassemblies and components. In particular, from time to time, the number of systems ASML has been able to produce has been limited by the production capacity of Zeiss. Zeiss is currently ASML’s sole external supplier of lenses and other critical optical components and is capable of producing these lenses only in limited numbers and only through the use
 
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of its manufacturing and testing facility in Oberkochen and Wetzlar, Germany. During 2010, ASML’s sales were not limited by the deliveries from Zeiss.
 
 
ASML sells a substantial number of lithography systems to a limited number of customers. See Note 19. Business failure of one of ASML’s main customers may result in adverse effects on its business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
 
25. Capital stock
 
 
Share capital
ASML’s authorized share capital consists of ordinary shares and cumulative preference shares. Currently, only ordinary shares are issued.
 
 
The Company’s Board of Management has the power to issue shares if and to the extent the Board of Management has been authorized to do so by the General Meeting of Shareholders (either by means of a resolution or by an amendment to the Company’s Articles of Association). However, the Supervisory Board must approve any issuance of shares.
 
 
Ordinary shares
At ASML’s Annual General Meeting of Shareholders, held on March 24, 2010, the Board of Management was granted the authorization to issue shares and/or rights thereto representing up to a maximum of 5.0 percent of the Company’s issued share capital as of the date of authorization, plus an additional 5.0 percent of the Company’s issued share capital as of the date of authorization that may be issued in connection with mergers and acquisitions. At ASML’s Annual General Meeting of Shareholders to be held on April 20, 2011, its shareholders will be asked to authorize the Board of Management (subject to the approval of the Supervisory Board) to issue shares and/or rights thereto through October 20, 2012 up to an aggregate maximum of 10.0 percent of the Company’s issued share capital.
 
 
Holders of ASML’s ordinary shares have a preemptive right of subscription to any issuance of ordinary shares for cash, which right may be limited or excluded. Ordinary shareholders have no pro rata preemptive right of subscription to any ordinary shares issued for consideration other than cash or ordinary shares issued to employees. If authorized for this purpose by the General Meeting of Shareholders (either by means of a resolution or by an amendment to ASML’s Articles of Association), the Board of Management has the power, with the approval of the Supervisory Board, to limit or exclude the preemptive rights of holders of ordinary shares. A designation may be renewed. At ASML’s Annual General Meeting of Shareholders, held on March 24, 2010, the Board of Management was authorized, subject to the aforementioned approval, to restrict or exclude preemptive rights of holders of ordinary shares. At ASML’s Annual General Meeting of Shareholders to be held on April 20, 2011, its shareholders will be asked to grant this authority through October 20, 2012. At this Annual General Meeting of Shareholders, the shareholders will be asked to grant authority to the Board of Management to issue shares and options separately for a period of 18 months.
 
 
The Company may repurchase its issued ordinary shares at any time, subject to compliance with the requirements of Dutch law and the Company’s Articles of Association. Although since June 11, 2008, Dutch law provides that after such repurchases the aggregate nominal value of the ordinary shares held by ASML or a subsidiary must not exceed 50.0 percent of the issued share capital, the Company’s current Articles of Association provide that after such repurchases the aggregate nominal value of the ordinary shares held by ASML or a subsidiary must not exceed 10.0 percent of the issued share capital. It will be proposed to the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders to be held on April 20, 2011, to amend the Articles of Association to refer to applicable Dutch law. Any such repurchases are subject to the approval of the Supervisory Board and the authorization of shareholders at ASML’s Annual General Meeting of Shareholders, which authorization may not be for more than 18 months. The Board of Management is currently authorized, subject to Supervisory Board approval, to repurchase through September 24, 2011, up to a maximum of three times 10.0 percent of the Company’s issued share capital as of the date of authorization (March 24, 2010) at a price between the nominal value of the ordinary shares purchased and 110.0 percent of the market price of these securities on Euronext Amsterdam or NASDAQ. At the Company’s Annual General Meeting of Shareholders to be held on April 20, 2011, the Company’s shareholders will be asked to extend this authority through October 20, 2012.
 
 
Cumulative preference shares
In 1998, the Company granted to the preference share foundation, “Stichting Preferente Aandelen ASML” (the “Foundation”) an option to acquire cumulative preference shares in the capital of the Company (the “Preference Share Option”). This option was amended and extended in 2003 and 2007. A third amendment to the option agreement between the Foundation and ASML became effective on January 1, 2009, to clarify the procedure for the repurchase and cancellation of the preference shares when issued.
 
 
The Foundation may exercise the Preference Share Option in situations where, in the opinion of the Board of Directors of the Foundation, the interests of the Company, its business or the interests of its stakeholders are at stake. This may be the case if a
 
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public bid for the ordinary shares of the Company has been announced or has been made, or the justified expectation exists that such a bid will be made without any agreement having been reached in relation to such a bid with the Company. The same may apply if one shareholder, or more shareholders acting in concert, hold a substantial percentage of the issued ordinary shares of the Company without making an offer or if, in the opinion of the Board of Directors of the Foundation, the (attempted) exercise of the voting rights by one shareholder or more shareholders, acting in concert, is materially in conflict with the interests of the Company, its business or its stakeholders.
 
 
The objects of the Foundation are to look after the interests of ASML and of the enterprises maintained by ASML and of the companies which are affiliated in a group with ASML, in such way that the interests of ASML, of those enterprises and of all parties concerned are safeguarded in the best possible way, and influences in conflict with these interests which might affect the independence or the identity of ASML and those companies are deterred to the best of the Foundation’s ability, and everything related to the above or possibly conducive thereto. The Foundation seeks to realize its objects by the acquiring and holding of cumulative preference shares in the capital of ASML and by exercising the rights attached to these shares, particularly the voting rights attached to these shares.
 
 
The Preference Share Option gives the Foundation the right to acquire a number of cumulative preference shares, provided that the aggregate nominal value of such number of cumulative preference shares shall not exceed the aggregate nominal value of the ordinary shares that have been issued at the time of exercise of the Preference Share Option for a subscription price equal to their EUR 0.02 nominal value. Exercise of the Preference Share Option could effectively dilute the voting power of the outstanding ordinary shares by one-half. Only one-fourth of the subscription price is payable at the time of initial issuance of the cumulative preference shares.
 
 
Cancellation and repayment of the issued cumulative preference shares by the Company requires the authorization by the General Meeting of Shareholders of a proposal to do so by the Board of Management approved by the Supervisory Board. If the Preference Share Option is exercised and as a result cumulative preference shares are issued, the Company, at the request of the Foundation, will initiate the repurchase or cancellation of all cumulative preference shares held by the Foundation as a result of such issuance with repayment of the amount paid and exemption from the obligation to pay up on the cumulative preference shares. In that case the Company is obliged to effect the repurchase and cancellation respectively as soon as possible.
 
 
If the Foundation will not request the Company to repurchase or cancel all cumulative preference shares held by the Foundation within 20 months after issuance of these shares, the Company will be obliged to convene a General Meeting of Shareholders in order to decide on a repurchase or cancellation of these shares.
 
 
The Foundation is independent of the Company. The Board of Directors of the Foundation comprises four independent voting members from the Dutch business and academic communities: Mr. R.E. Selman, Mr. M.W. den Boogert, Mr. J.M. de Jong and Mr. A. Baan.
 
 
Dividend proposal
As part of its financing policy, ASML aims to pay a sustainable annual dividend that will be stable or growing over time. Annually, the Supervisory Board, upon proposal of the Board of Management, will assess the amount of dividend that will be proposed to the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders. For 2009, a dividend was declared of EUR 0.20 per ordinary share of EUR 0.09 which was paid in April 2010. A proposal will be submitted to the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders on April 20, 2011 to declare a dividend for 2010 of EUR 0.40 per ordinary share of EUR 0.09.
 
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26. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
The following table provides a summary of shares repurchased by the Company between 2006 and 2010:
 
                                                 

 
   
                                  Total value
 
                      Total Number
    Maximum
    of Shares
 
                      of Shares
    Number of
    Purchased as
 
                      Purchased as
    Shares That
    Part of Publicly
 
                Average
    Part of Publicly
    May Yet be
    Announced
 
          Total Number
    price paid
    Announced
    Purchased
    Plans or
 
          of Shares
    per share
    Plans or
    Under the
    Programs (in
 
Program   Period     purchased     (EUR)     Programs     Programs     EUR million)  
2006-2007 Share program
    May 17-26, 2006       6,412,920       15.59       6,412,920       19,037,376       100  
2006-2007 Share program
    June 7-30, 2006       13,517,078       15.81       19,929,998       5,520,298       314  
2006-2007 Share program
    July 3-13, 2006       5,520,298       15.62       25,450,296             400  
2006-2007 Share program
    October 12, 2006       14,934,843       18.55       14,934,843             277  
2006-2007 Share program
    February 14-23, 2007       8,000,000       19.53       8,000,000             156  
Capital repayment program 2007
    September - October 2007       55,093,409       18.36       55,093,409             1,012  
2007-2008 Share program
    November 14-26, 2007       9,000,000       22.62       9,000,000       5,000,000       204  
2007-2008 Share program
    January 17-22, 2008       5,000,000       17.52       14,000,000             292  
 
 
 
Authorization of share repurchases
On March 24, 2010, the General Meeting of Shareholders authorized the repurchase of up to a maximum of three times 10.0 percent of ASML’s issued share capital as of the date of authorization (March 24, 2010) through September 24, 2011. The Company did not buyback any shares in 2010.
 
 
27. Subsequent Events
Subsequent events were evaluated by the Company up to February 14, 2011, which is the issuance date of this Annual Report 2010. There are no subsequent events to report.
 
 
Veldhoven, the Netherlands
February 14, 2011
 
/s/  Eric Meurice
Eric Meurice, Chief Executive Officer
 
/s/  Peter T.F.M. Wennink
Peter T.F.M. Wennink, Chief Financial Officer
 
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
 
 
To the Supervisory Board and Shareholders of ASML Holding N.V.:
 
 
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of ASML Holding N.V. and subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010 (all expressed in euros). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits.
 
 
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
 
 
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company’s board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
 
 
Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
 
 
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of ASML Holding N.V. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, based on the criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
 
/s/  Deloitte Accountants B.V.
Deloitte Accountants B.V.
Eindhoven, The Netherlands
February 14, 2011
 
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ASML Logo 
 
Exhibits 
 
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Exhibit Index
 
 
 
 
     

 
Exhibit No.   Description
1
  Articles of Association of ASML Holding N.V. (English translation) (Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 11 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A/A, filed with the Commission on November 2, 2007)
2.1
  Fiscal Agency Agreement between ASML Holding N.V., Deutsche Bank AG, London Branch and Deutsche Bank Luxembourg S.A. relating to the Registrant’s 5.75 percent Notes due 2017 (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2008)
4.1
  Agreement between ASM Lithography B.V. and Carl Zeiss, dated March 17, 2000 (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2000) #
4.2
  Agreement between ASML Holding N.V. and Carl Zeiss, dated October 24, 2003 (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2003) #
4.3
  Form of Indemnity Agreement between ASML Holding N.V. and members of its Board of Management (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2003)
4.4
  Form of Indemnity Agreement between ASML Holding N.V. and members of its Supervisory Board (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2003)
4.5
  Form of Employment Agreement for members of the Board of Management (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003)
4.6
  Nikon-ASML Patent Cross-License Agreement, dated December 10, 2004, between ASML Holding N.V. and Nikon Corporation (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004) #
4.7
  ASML/Zeiss Sublicense Agreement, 2004, dated December 10, 2004, between Carl Zeiss SMT AG and ASML Holding N.V. (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004) #
4.8
  ASML New Hires and Incentive Stock Option Plan For Management (Version 2003) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Statement on Form S-8, filed with the Commission on September 2, 2003 (File No. 333-109154))
4.9
  ASML Incentive and New Hire Option Plan for Board of Management (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed with the Commission on June 9, 2004 (File No. 333-116337))
4.10
  ASML Option Plan for Management of ASML Holding Group Companies (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on June 30, 2005 (file No. 333-126340))
4.11
  ASML Stock Option Plan for New Hire Options granted to Members of the Board of Management (Version April 2006) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on August 7, 2006 (file No. 333-136362))
4.12
  ASML Stock Option Plan for Incentive or New Hire Options granted to Senior and Executive Management (Version April 2006) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on August 7, 2006 (file No. 333-136362))
4.13
  ASML Stock Option Plan for Incentive or New Hire Options granted to Senior and Executive Management (Version July 2006) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on August 7, 2006 (file No. 333-136362))
4.14
  ASML Stock Option Plan for Incentive or New Hire Options granted to Senior and Executive Management (Version October 2006) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on August 7, 2006 (file No. 333-136362))
4.15
  ASML Restricted Stock Plan (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on March 7, 2007 (file No. 333-141125))
4.16
  Brion Technologies, Inc., 2002 Stock Option Plan (as amended on March 25, 2005; March 24, 2006; and November 17, 2006) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on April 20, 2007 (file No. 333-142254))
4.17
  ASML Stock Option Plan for Incentive or New Hire Options granted to Senior and Executive Management (Version January 2007) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on July 5, 2007 (file No. 333-144356))
4.18
  ASML Stock Option Plan for Incentive or New Hire Options granted to Senior and Executive Management (Version April 2007) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on July 5, 2007 (file No. 333-144356))
4.19
  ASML Stock Option Plan for Incentive or New Hire Options granted to Senior and Executive Management (Version July 2007) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on July 5, 2007 (file No. 333-144356))
4.20
  ASML Stock Option Plan for Incentive or New Hire Options granted to Senior and Executive Management (Version October 2007) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on July 5, 2007 (file No. 333-144356))
4.21
  ASML Performance Stock Plan for Members of the Board of Management (Version 1) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on July 5, 2007 (file No. 333-144356))
4.22
  ASML Performance Stock Option Plan for Members of the Board of Management (Version 2) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on July 5, 2007 (file No. 333-144356))
4.23
  ASML Stock Option Plan from Base Salary for Senior & Executive Management (Version October 2007) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on November 2, 2007 (file No. 333-147128))
 
ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2010
F-54


Table of Contents

 
     

 
Exhibit No.   Description
4.24
  ASML Performance Stock Option Plan for Senior and Executive Management (version 1) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on August 29, 2008 (file No. 333-153277))
4.25
  ASML Performance Share Plan for Senior and Executive Management (version 1) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on August 29, 2008 (file No. 333-153277))
4.26
  ASML Restricted Stock Plan (version 2) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on August 29, 2008 (file No. 333-153277))
4.27
  ASML Performance Stock Plan for Members of the Board of Management (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on October 13, 2009 (file No. 333-162439))
4.28
  ASML Performance Stock Option Plan for Senior and Executive Management (version 1) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on October 13, 2009 (file No. 333-162439))
4.29
  ASML Performance Share Plan for Senior and Executive Management (version 1) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on October 13, 2009 (file No. 333-162439))
4.30
  ASML Share and Option Purchase Plan for Employees (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement of Form S-8 filed with the Commission on October 20, 2010 (file No. 333-170034)
8.1
  List of Subsidiaries*
12.1
  Certification of CEO and CFO Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934*
13.1
  Certification of CEO and CFO Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
15.1
  Consent of Deloitte Accountants B.V.*
 
 
 
* Filed at the Commission herewith
 
# Certain information omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission
 
ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2010
F-55