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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2007
Commission File No. 001-31720
PIPER JAFFRAY COMPANIES
(Exact Name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)
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| DELAWARE
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30-0168701 |
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
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(IRS Employer Identification No.) |
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800 Nicollet Mall, Suite 800
Minneapolis, Minnesota
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55402 |
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(Zip Code) |
(612) 303-6000
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
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Title of Each Class
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Name of Each Exchange
On Which Registered |
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Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
Preferred Share Purchase Rights
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The New York Stock Exchange
The New York Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of
the Securities Act. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or
Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by
Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for
such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been
subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is
not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in
definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K
or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a
non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated
filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
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Large Accelerated Filer þ |
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Accelerated Filer o |
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Non-accelerated Filer o |
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Smaller Reporting Company o |
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the
Exchange Act). Yes o No þ
The aggregate market value of the 18,464,609 shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock, par value
$0.01 per share, held by non-affiliates based upon the last sale price, as reported on the New York
Stock Exchange, of the Common Stock on June 30, 2007 was approximately $1.03 billion.
As of February 21, 2008, the Registrant had 18,918,156 shares of Common Stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Parts I, II, and IV of this Annual Report on Form 10-K incorporate by reference information
from the Registrant’s 2007 Annual Report to Shareholders that is included in Exhibit 13.1 to this
Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K incorporates by reference information (to the
extent specific sections are referred to herein) from the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for its 2008
Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 7, 2008.
PART I
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements. Statements that are not historical or
current facts, including statements about beliefs and expectations, are forward-looking statements.
These forward looking statements include, among other things, statements other than historical
information or statements of current condition and may relate to our future plans and objectives
and results, and also may include our belief regarding the effect of various legal proceedings, as
set forth under “Legal Proceedings” in Part I, Item 3 of this Form 10-K. Forward-looking statements
involve inherent risks and uncertainties, and important factors could cause actual results to
differ materially from those anticipated, including those factors discussed below under “Risk
Factors” in Item 1A, as well as those factors discussed under “External Factors Impacting Our
Business” included in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations” from our 2007 Annual Report to Shareholders and in our subsequent reports filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Our SEC reports are available at our Web site at
www.piperjaffray.com and at the SEC’s Web site at www.sec.gov. Forward-looking statements speak
only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update them in light of new
information or future events.
Overview
Piper Jaffray Companies is a leading, international middle market investment bank and
institutional securities firm, serving the needs of middle-market corporations, private equity
groups, public entities, nonprofit clients and institutional investors. Founded in 1895, Piper
Jaffray provides a broad set of products and services, including equity and debt capital markets
products; public finance services; mergers and acquisitions advisory services; high-yield and
structured products; institutional equity and fixed income sales and trading; equity research; and
asset management services. We are headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota and have 22 principal
offices across the United States and international locations in London, Hong Kong and Shanghai. We
market our investment banking and institutional securities business under a single name—Piper
Jaffray—which gives us a consistent brand across this business. We market our recently-acquired
asset management business under the name of FAMCO, which is the brand name of Fiduciary Asset
Management, LLC.
Prior to 1998, Piper Jaffray was an independent public company. U.S. Bancorp acquired the
Piper Jaffray business in 1998 and operated it through various subsidiaries and divisions. At the
end of 2003, U.S. Bancorp facilitated a tax-free distribution of our common stock to all U.S.
Bancorp shareholders, causing Piper Jaffray to become an independent public company again.
Our continuing operations consist principally of four components:
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Investment Banking — We raise capital through equity and debt financings for our
corporate clients. We operate in seven focus industries, namely, the alternative energy,
business services, consumer, financial institutions, health care, industrial growth and
technology industries, primarily focusing on middle-market clients. We also provide
financial advisory services relating to mergers and acquisitions to clients in these focus
industries, as well as to companies in other industries. For our government and non-profit
clients, we underwrite debt issuances and provide financial advisory and interest rate risk
management services. Our public finance investment banking capabilities focus on state and
local governments, healthcare, higher education, housing, hospitality and commercial real
estate industries. |
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Equity and Fixed Income Institutional Sales and Trading — We offer both equity and fixed
income advisory and trade execution services for public and private corporations, public
entities, non-profit clients and institutional investors. Integral to our capital markets
efforts, we have equity sales and trading relationships with institutional investors in the
United States, Europe and Asia that invest in our focus industries. Our fixed income sales
and trading professionals have expertise in municipal, corporate, agency and high-yield and
structured product securities and cover a range of institutional investors. In addition, we
engage in proprietary trading in those products where we have expertise. |
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Asset Management — In the third quarter of 2007, we acquired Fiduciary Asset
Management, LLC (“FAMCO”), an asset management firm with $9.0 billion in assets under
management. Our asset management services are principally offered through this subsidiary.
FAMCO manages separately managed accounts and closed-end funds and offers an array of
investment products including traditional, quantitative and hedge equity, master limited
partnerships and fixed income. |
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Other Income — Other income includes gains and losses from investments in private equity
and venture capital funds as well as other firm investments. |
On August 11, 2006, we completed the sale of our Private Client Services branch network and
certain related assets to UBS Financial Services Inc., a subsidiary of UBS AG (“UBS”), thereby
exiting the Private Client Services (“PCS”) business. The purchase price under the asset purchase
agreement was approximately $750 million, which included $500 million for the branch network and
approximately $250 million for the net assets of the branch network. For further information
regarding the sale, see Note 4 to our consolidated financial statements included in our 2007 Annual
Report to Shareholders, which is incorporated herein by reference and is included in Exhibit 13.1
to this Form 10-K.
Our principal executive offices are located at 800 Nicollet Mall, Suite 800, Minneapolis,
Minnesota 55402, and our general telephone number is (612) 303-6000. We maintain an Internet Web
site at http://www.piperjaffray.com. The information contained on and connected to our Web site is
not incorporated into this report. We make available free of charge on or through our Web site our
annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K,
amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, and all other reports we file with the SEC, as soon as reasonably practicable
after we electronically file these reports with, or furnish them to, the SEC. “Piper Jaffray,” the
“Company,” “registrant,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Piper Jaffray Companies and our
subsidiaries. The Piper Jaffray logo and the other trademarks, tradenames and service marks of
Piper Jaffray mentioned in this report, including Piper Jaffray®, are the property of Piper
Jaffray.
Financial Information about Geographic Areas
We operate predominantly in the United States. We also provide investment banking, research,
and sales and trading services to selected companies in international jurisdictions in Europe and
Asia. Piper Jaffray Ltd. is our brokerage and investment banking subsidiary domiciled in London,
England. We have investment banking offices in Shanghai and Hong Kong that operate under Piper
Jaffray Asia. Net revenues derived from international operations were $67.7 million, $36.8 million,
and $22.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively. Long-lived
assets attributable to foreign operations were $23.0 million and $2.8 million, at December 31, 2007
and 2006, respectively.
Competition
Our business is subject to intense competition driven by large Wall Street and international
firms. We also compete with regional broker dealers, boutique and niche-specialty firms, and
alternative trading systems that effect securities transactions through various electronic media.
Competition is based on a variety of factors, including price, quality of advice and service,
reputation, product selection, transaction execution and financial resources. Many of our large
competitors have greater financial resources than we have and may have more flexibility to offer a
broader set of products and services than we can.
In addition, there is significant competition within the securities industry for obtaining and
retaining the services of qualified employees. Our business is a human capital business and the
performance of our business is dependent upon the skills, expertise and performance of our
employees. Therefore, our ability to compete effectively is dependent upon attracting and retaining
qualified individuals who are motivated to serve the best interests of our clients, thereby serving
the best interests of our company. Attracting and retaining employees depends, among other things,
on our company’s culture, management, work environment, geographic locations and compensation.
Seasonality
Our equities trading business typically experiences a mild slowdown during the late summer
months.
Employees
As of February 21, 2008, we had approximately 1,251 employees, of whom approximately 624 were
registered with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”).
Regulation
As a participant in the financial services industry, our business is regulated by U.S. federal
and state regulatory agencies, self-regulatory organizations (“SROs”) and securities exchanges, and
by foreign governmental agencies, regulatory bodies and securities exchanges. We are
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subject to complex and extensive regulation of most aspects of our
business, including the manner in which securities transactions are effected, net capital
requirements, recordkeeping and reporting procedures, relationships with customers, the handling of
cash and margin accounts, experience and training requirements for certain employees, the manner in
which we prevent and detect money-laundering activities, and business procedures with firms that
are not members of the SRO’s in which we participate. The regulatory framework of the financial
services industry is designed primarily to safeguard the integrity of the capital markets and to
protect customers, not creditors or shareholders. The laws, rules and regulations comprising this
regulatory framework can (and do) change frequently, as can the interpretation and enforcement of
existing laws, rules and regulations. The timing and effects of such changes are difficult to
predict accurately, and may directly and substantially affect the manner in which we operate our
company, as well as our profitability.
Our operating subsidiaries include broker dealer and related securities entities organized in
the United States, the United Kingdom and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the
People’s Republic of China. Each of these entities is registered or licensed with the applicable
local securities regulator and is a member of or participant in one or more local securities
exchanges and is subject to all of the applicable rules and regulations promulgated by those
authorities.
Our U.S. broker dealer subsidiary is registered as a securities broker dealer and as an
investment advisor with the SEC and is a member of various SROs and securities exchanges. In July
of 2007, the National Association of Securities Dealers and the member regulation, enforcement and
arbitration functions of the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) consolidated to form FINRA, which now
serves as our primary SRO, although the NYSE continues to have oversight over NYSE-related market
activities. FINRA regulates many aspects of our business, including registration and education of
our employees, examinations, rulemaking, enforcement of these rules and the federal securities
laws, trade reporting and the administration of dispute resolution between investors and registered
firms. We have agreed to abide by the rules of FINRA (as well as those of the NYSE and other
SROs), and FINRA has the power to expel, fine and otherwise discipline the Company and our
employees. Among the rules that apply to Piper Jaffray & Co. are the uniform net capital rule of
the SEC (Rule 15c3-1) and the net capital rule of FINRA. Both rules set a minimum level of net
capital a broker dealer must maintain and also require that a portion of the broker dealer’s assets
be relatively liquid. Under the FINRA rule, FINRA may prohibit a member firm from expanding its
business or paying cash dividends if resulting net capital falls below FINRA requirements. In
addition, Piper Jaffray & Co. is subject to certain notification requirements related to
withdrawals of excess net capital. As a result of these rules, our ability to make withdrawals of
capital from Piper Jaffray & Co. may be limited. In addition, Piper Jaffray & Co. is licensed as a
broker dealer in each of the 50 states, requiring us to comply with applicable laws, rules and
regulations of each state. Any state may revoke a license to conduct a securities business and fine
or otherwise discipline broker dealers and their employees. Piper Jaffray & Co. also has
established a representative office in Shanghai, China, which is registered with the China
Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”) and is subject to CSRC administrative measures applicable
to foreign securities organizations operating representative offices in China. These
administrative measures relate to, among other things, business conduct.
Piper Jaffray Ltd., our U.K. brokerage and investment banking subsidiary, is registered under
the laws of England and Wales and is authorized and regulated by the U.K. Financial Services
Authority. As a result, Piper Jaffray Ltd. is subject to regulations regarding, among other things,
capital adequacy, customer protection and business conduct. On November 1, 2007, the national
implementing legislation to the European Union’s Markets in Financial Instruments Directive
(Directive 2004/39/EC, known as MiFID) became effective in countries including the United Kingdom.
MiFID affects Piper Jaffray Ltd. by imposing detailed pan-European regulatory requirements in
various areas of its business. This regulatory regime is new and, accordingly, there may be
uncertainties regarding its application and practice in certain respects.
We operate four entities licensed by the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission: Piper
Jaffray Asia Limited, Piper Jaffray Asia Securities Limited, Piper Jaffray Asia Futures Limited and
Piper Jaffray Asia Asset Management Limited. Each of these entities is registered under the laws
of Hong Kong and subject to the Securities and Futures Ordinance and related rules regarding, among
other things, capital adequacy, investor protection and business conduct.
Each of the entities identified above also is subject to anti-money laundering regulations.
Piper Jaffray & Co. is subject to the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001, which contains anti-money laundering
and financial transparency laws and mandates the implementation of various regulations requiring us
to implement standards for verifying client identification at account opening, monitoring client
transactions and reporting suspicious activity. Piper Jaffray Ltd. and our Piper Jaffray Asia
entities licensed with the Securities and Futures Commission are subject to similar anti-money
laundering laws and regulations promulgated in the United Kingdom and Hong Kong, respectively.
Certain of our businesses also are subject to compliance with laws and regulations of U.S. federal
and state governments, non-U.S. governments, their respective agencies and/or various
self-regulatory organizations or exchanges governing the privacy of client information. Any failure with respect to our practices, procedures and
controls in any of these areas could subject us to regulatory consequences, including fines, and
potentially other significant liabilities.
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Our asset management subsidiaries, FAMCO and Piper Jaffray Investment Management LLC, are
registered as investment advisers with the SEC and subject to the regulation and oversight by the
SEC. FAMCO is also authorized by the Irish Financial Services Regulatory Authority as an
investment advisor in Ireland and cleared by the Luxembourg Commission de Surviellance du Secteur
Financier as a manager to Luxembourg funds.
Executive Officers
Information regarding our executive officers (all of whom have held their current positions
with us since December 31, 2006), and their ages as of February 21, 2008, are as follows:
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Andrew S. Duff
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Chairman and Chief Executive Officer |
Thomas P. Schnettler
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Vice Chairman and Chief Financial Officer |
Timothy L. Carter
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Chief Accounting Officer |
James L. Chosy
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General Counsel and Secretary |
Frank E. Fairman
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Head of Public Finance Services |
R. Todd Firebaugh
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Chief Administrative Officer |
Benjamin T. May
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Head of High-Yield and Structured Products |
Robert W. Peterson
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Head of Equities |
Jon W. Salveson
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Head of Investment Banking |
Andrew S. Duff is our chairman and chief executive officer. Mr. Duff became chairman and chief
executive officer of Piper Jaffray Companies following completion of our spin-off from U.S. Bancorp
on December 31, 2003. He also has served as chairman of our broker dealer subsidiary since 2003, as
chief executive officer of our broker dealer subsidiary since 2000, and as president of our broker
dealer subsidiary since 1996. He has been with Piper Jaffray since 1980. Prior to the spin-off from
U.S. Bancorp, Mr. Duff also was a vice chairman of U.S. Bancorp from 1999 through 2003.
Thomas P. Schnettler is our vice chairman and chief financial officer. He has been with Piper
Jaffray since 1986 and has held his current position since August 2006, after serving as head of
our Corporate and Institutional Services business beginning in July 2005. Prior to that, he served
as head of our Equities and Investment Banking group from June 2002 until July 2005, head of our
investment banking department from October 2001 to June 2002, and as co-head of this department
from 2000 until October 2001. From 1988 to 2000, he served Piper Jaffray as a managing director in
our investment banking department.
Timothy L. Carter is our chief accounting officer, a position he has held since August 2006.
Mr. Carter joined Piper Jaffray in 1995 and served as controller from 1999 until obtaining his
current position.
James L. Chosy is our general counsel and secretary. Mr. Chosy has served in these roles since
joining Piper Jaffray in March 2001. From 1995 until joining Piper Jaffray, he was vice president,
associate general counsel of U.S. Bancorp. He also served as assistant secretary of U.S. Bancorp
from 1995 through 2000 and as secretary from 2000 until his move to Piper Jaffray.
Frank E. Fairman is head of our Public Finance Services business, a position he has held since
July 2005. Prior to that, he served as head of the firm’s public finance investment banking group
from 1991 to 2005, as well as the head of the firm’s municipal derivative business from 2002 to
2005. He has been with Piper Jaffray since 1983.
Benjamin T. May is head of our High-Yield and Structured Products business, a position he has
held since he joined Piper Jaffray in 2005. Prior to joining Piper Jaffray, he spent ten years with
Wachovia Corporation, last serving as Head of High-Yield Sales, Trading and Research.
R. Todd Firebaugh is our chief administrative officer. Mr. Firebaugh joined Piper Jaffray as
head of planning and communications in December 2003 after serving Piper Jaffray as a consultant
since March 2002. He was named chief administrative officer in November 2004. Prior to joining us,
he spent 17 years in marketing and strategy within the financial services industry. Most recently,
from 1999 to 2001, he was executive vice president of the corporate management office at U.S.
Bancorp, and previously served U.S. Bancorp as senior vice president of small business, insurance
and investments.
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Robert W. Peterson is head of our Equities business, a position he has held since August 2006.
Mr. Peterson joined Piper Jaffray in 1993 and served as head of our Private Client Services
business from April 2005 until obtaining his current position. Prior to that, he served as head of
investment research from April 2003 through March 2005, as head of equity research from November
2000 until April 2003 and as co-head of equity research from May 2000 until November 2000. From
1993 until May 2000, he was a senior research analyst for Piper Jaffray.
Jon W. Salveson is head of our Investment Banking business, a position he has held since May
2004. Mr. Salveson joined our investment banking department in 1993, and has served as a managing
director in that department since January 2000.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.
Developments in market and economic conditions have in the past adversely affected, and may in the
future adversely affect, our business and profitability.
Performance in the financial services industry is heavily influenced by the overall strength
of economic conditions and financial market activity, which generally have a direct and material
impact on our results of operations and financial condition. During the second half of 2007,
significant weakness and volatility in the credit markets stemming from difficulties in the U.S.
housing market spread to the broader financial markets and began to affect global economic growth.
For 2008, it is expected that uncertain and unfavorable market conditions resulting from this
global credit crisis will be predominant, possibly leading to a recession in the
United States and/or other significantly unfavorable economic and market dynamics. Uncertain or
unfavorable market or economic conditions, including those anticipated for 2008, or market
volatility even in the absence of a downturn, could result in reduced transaction volumes, reduced
revenue and reduced profitability in some or all of our principal businesses. For example:
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Our investment banking revenue, in the form of underwriting, placement and financial
advisory fees from both equity and public finance transactions, is directly related to the
volume and value of the transactions as well as our role in these transactions. In an
environment of uncertain or unfavorable market or economic conditions, such as those
conditions we are currently experiencing and expect to prevail during 2008, the volume
and size of capital-raising transactions and acquisitions and dispositions typically
decrease, thereby reducing the demand for our investment banking services and increasing
price competition among financial services companies seeking such engagements. These
conditions have a negative impact on our deal pipelines by reducing the backlog of
transactions, the size of these transactions and the related underwriting, placement and
advisory fees we receive and our role in the transactions generating these fees. |
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A downturn in the financial markets may result in a decline in the volume and value of
trading transactions and/or an increase in counterparty trading risk. As a result, we may
experience a decline in the revenue we receive from commissions on the execution of trading
transactions and, in respect of our market-making and other principal activities, a
reduction in the value of our trading positions and commissions and spreads. |
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Changes in interest rates, especially if such changes are rapid, high interest rates or
uncertainty regarding the future direction of interest rates, may create a less favorable
environment for certain of our businesses, and may affect the fair value of financial
instruments that we issue or hold. For example, beginning in the second half of 2007,
difficulties in the credit markets resulted in a relatively sudden and substantial decrease
in the availability of credit. Credit spreads widened significantly, affecting volatility
and liquidity in the debt and equity markets, which negatively impacted prices of these
securities and our ability to sell them. Concerns related to and downgrades of monoline
insurers of municipal securities have created significant dislocation and liquidity
problems in the municipal market, particularly affecting short-term municipal securities
such as auction rate securities, variable rate demand notes and variable rate municipal
trust certificates related to tender option bond programs. The decline in liquidity
and prices of these types of securities have made it generally more difficult to value the
securities, which could result in losses and harm our results of operations. These
conditions have persisted through the end of 2007 and into 2008, and we cannot predict how
long these conditions will continue. |
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A downturn in the financial markets may also adversely impact our recently-acquired
asset management business by reducing the amount of assets under management, and, as a
result, the revenues associated with this business. |
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We expect to increasingly commit our own capital to engage in proprietary trading,
investing and similar activities, and uncertain or unfavorable market or economic
conditions may reduce the value of our positions, resulting in reduced revenues and/or
financial losses. |
It is difficult to predict how long the uncertain and unfavorable market and economic
conditions experienced through the end of 2007 and into 2008 will continue, whether contagion from
the global credit crisis will cause market and economic conditions to continue to deteriorate and
which of our markets, products and businesses will continue to be adversely affected and to what
degree.
The cyclical nature of the economy and this industry also leads to volatility in our operating
margins, due to the fixed nature of a portion of our compensation expenses and many of our
non-compensation expenses, as well as the possibility that we will be unable to scale back other
costs in a timeframe to match any decreases in revenue relating to changes in market and economic
conditions. As a result, our financial performance may vary significantly from quarter to quarter
and year to year.
Developments in specific sectors of the economy have in the past adversely affected, and may in the
future adversely affect, our business and profitability.
Our results for a particular period may not reflect the overall strength of general economic
conditions and financial market activity, due to factors that differentiate our business within the
financial services industry. For example:
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Volatility in the business environment for the consumer, financial institutions, health
care, technology, alternative energy, business services, and industrial growth sectors,
including but not limited to challenging market conditions for these sectors that are
disproportionately worse than those impacting the economy and markets generally or
downturns in these sectors that are independent of general economic and market conditions,
may adversely affect our business. |
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Our fixed income activities are centered on public finance investment banking and
municipal sales and trading within the higher education, housing, state and local
government, healthcare, and hospitality sectors. Our high-yield and structured product
activities specialize in the secondary sales and trading market for aircraft finance debt.
Similarly, volatility and market conditions in these sectors will affect our results.
Further, we do not participate in significant segments of the fixed income market and, as a
result, our operating results in this area may not correlate with the results of other
firms or the fixed income market generally. |
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A relatively small number of institutional clients generate a meaningful portion of our
institutional sales and trading revenues, and failure to replace lost business from our
larger institutional clients could materially adversely affect our business and results of
operations. Similarly, a significant
portion of our current asset management revenues are derived from one key client. |
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Our international revenue is principally derived from our activities in Europe and
Asia, and challenging economic and market conditions in these areas of the world could
materially adversely affect our business and results of operations. |
Our stock price may fluctuate as a result of several factors, including but not limited to changes
in our revenues and operating results.
We have experienced, and expect to experience in the future, fluctuations in the market price
of our common stock due to factors that relate to the nature of our business, including but not
limited to changes in our revenues and operating results. Our business, by its nature, does not
produce steady and predictable earnings on a quarterly basis, which causes fluctuations in our
stock price that may be significant. Other factors that may affect our stock price include changes
in or news related to economic or market events or conditions, changes in competitive conditions in
the securities industry, developments in regulation affecting our business, failure to meet the
expectations of market analysts and changes in recommendations or outlooks by market analysts.
The volume of anticipated investment banking transactions may differ from actual results.
The completion of anticipated investment banking transactions in our pipeline is uncertain and
beyond our control, and our investment banking revenue is typically earned upon the successful
completion of a transaction. In most cases we receive little or no payment for investment banking
engagements that do not result in the successful completion of a transaction. For example, a
client’s acquisition transaction may be delayed or terminated because of a failure to agree upon
final terms with the counterparty, failure to obtain necessary regulatory consents or board or
stockholder approvals, failure to secure necessary financing, adverse market conditions or
unexpected financial or other
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problems in the client’s or counterparty’s business. If the parties
fail to complete a transaction on which we are advising or an offering in which we are participating, we will
earn little or no revenue from the transaction. Accordingly, our business is highly dependent on
market conditions as well as the decisions and actions of our clients and interested third parties,
and the number of engagements we have at any given time (and any characterization or description of
our deal pipelines) is subject to change and may not necessarily result in future revenues.
Financing and advisory services engagements are singular in nature and do not generally provide for
subsequent engagements.
Even though we work to represent our clients at every stage of their lifecycle, we are
typically retained on a short-term, engagement-by-engagement basis in connection with specific
capital markets or mergers and acquisitions transactions. In particular, our revenues related to
mergers and acquisitions transactions tend to be “lumpy” from quarter to quarter due to the
one-time nature of the transaction and the size of the fee. As a result, high activity levels in
any period are not necessarily indicative of continued high levels of activity in any subsequent
period. If we are unable to generate a substantial number of new engagements and generate fees from
the successful completion of those transactions, our business and results of operations will likely
be adversely affected.
Risk management processes may not fully mitigate exposure to the various risks that we face,
including market risk, liquidity risk and credit risk.
We continue to refine our risk management techniques, strategies and assessment methods on an
ongoing basis. However, risk management techniques and strategies, both ours and those available to
the market generally, may not be fully effective in mitigating our risk exposure in all economic
market environments or against all types of risk. For example we might fail to identify or
anticipate particular risks that our systems are capable of identifying, or the systems that we
use, and that are used within the industry generally, may fail to anticipate certain risks. Some of
our strategies for managing risk are based upon our use of observed historical market behavior. We
apply statistical and other tools to these observations to quantify our risk exposure. Any failures
in our risk management techniques and strategies to accurately quantify our risk exposure could
limit our ability to manage risks. In addition, any risk management failures could cause our losses
to be significantly greater than the historical measures indicate. Further, our quantified modeling
does not take all risks into account. Our more qualitative approach to managing those risks could
prove insufficient, exposing us to material unanticipated losses.
An inability to readily divest or transfer trading positions may result in financial losses to our
business.
Timely divestiture or transfer of our trading positions, including equity, fixed income and
other securities positions, can be impaired by decreased trading volume, increased price
volatility, rapid changes in interest rates, concentrated trading positions, limitations on the
ability to transfer positions in highly specialized or structured transactions and changes in
industry and government regulations. This is true for both customer transactions that we
facilitate as agent as well as proprietary trading positions that we maintain. While we hold a
security, we are vulnerable to price and value fluctuations and may experience financial losses to
the extent the value of the security decreases and we are unable to timely divest, hedge or
transfer our trading position in that security. The value may decline as a result of many factors,
including issuer-specific, market or geopolitical events. Changing market conditions also are
increasing the risks associated with trading positions. For example, general uncertainty regarding
monoline insurers that insure municipal bonds, including credit rating agency warnings or
downgrades of certain insurers, has caused significant dislocation and unfavorable conditions in
the market for certain fixed income securities. More specifically, these market dynamics have
reduced traditional sources of liquidity for positions in short-term fixed income products, such as
auction rate securities, variable rate demand notes and variable rate municipal trust certificates
related to our tender option bond program, and have resulted in multiple failures of bond auctions
to attract sufficient buyers (including many as to which we act as broker-dealer). In an effort to
facilitate liquidity, we may (but are not required to) increase our inventory positions in these
securities, exposing ourselves to greater market risk and potential financial losses from the
reduction in value of illiquid positions. Further, these market dynamics may cause us to lose
future municipal finance business from issuer clients and/or secondary trading business from
buy-side clients as they may move away from certain of those products or choose to work with other
firms, which could adversely affect our public finance business and our overall results
of operations.
In addition, securities firms increasingly are committing to purchase large blocks of stock
from issuers or significant shareholders, and block trades increasingly are being effected without
an opportunity for us to pre-market the transaction, which increases the risk that we may be unable
to resell the purchased securities at favorable prices. In addition, increasing reliance on
revenues from hedge funds and hedge fund advisors, which are less regulated than many investment
company and advisor clients, may expose us to greater risk of financial loss from unsettled trades
than is the case with other types of institutional investors. Concentration of risk may result in
losses to us even when economic and market conditions are generally favorable for others in our
industry.
7
Concentration of risk increases the potential for significant losses, and increases in capital
commitments in our proprietary trading, investing and similar activities increase this risk.
Concentration of risk increases the potential for significant losses in our sales and trading,
proprietary trading and underwriting businesses. We have committed capital to these businesses,
and we may take substantial positions in particular types of securities and/or issuers. We also
experience concentration of risk in our role as remarketing agent and broker-dealer for certain
types of securities. For example, we serve as remarketing agent for approximately $6.4 billion of
variable rate demand notes of which $1.3 billion has been insured by monoline insurers, and as
broker-dealer for $2.3 billion of auction rate securities, all of which has been insured by
monoline insurers. The municipal credit markets have been adversely impacted by ratings agency
downgrades (and the expectation of future downgrades) of certain monoline insurers exposed to
subprime mortgages, resulting in reduced demand for these variable rate demand notes and auction
rate securities. In an effort to facilitate liquidity, we may (but are not required to) increase
our inventory positions in these securities, exposing ourselves to greater concentration of risk
and potential financial losses from the reduction in value of illiquid positions. Further,
inventory positions that benefit from a liquidity provider, such as variable rate demand notes, may
be adversely affected by an event that results in termination of the liquidity provider’s
obligation, such as an insolvency or downgrade of the monoline insurer.
Further, the trend in capital markets is toward larger and more frequent commitments of
capital by financial services firms in many of their activities, and we expect to increasingly
commit our own capital to engage in proprietary trading, principal investing (including merchant
banking and alternative investment fund investing) and similar activities. For example, an
affiliate of our company has sponsored a special purpose acquisition company for the purpose of
effecting a business combination transaction with one or more operating businesses. As a sponsor,
we have committed capital to invest in the special purposes acquisition company. Our results of
operations for a given period may be affected by the nature and scope of these activities, and such
activities will subject us to market fluctuations and volatility that may adversely affect the
value of our positions, which could result in significant losses and reduce our revenues and
profits.
An inability to access capital readily or on terms favorable to us could impair our ability to fund
operations and could jeopardize our financial condition.
Liquidity, or ready access to funds, is essential to our business. In the future we may need
to incur debt or issue equity in order to fund our working capital requirements, as well as to
execute our growth initiatives that may include acquisitions and other investments. In addition to
maintaining a cash position, we rely on bank financing as well as other funding sources such as the
repurchase and securities lending markets for funds. Our access to funding sources could be
hindered by many factors, and many of these factors we cannot control, such as economic downturns
and the disruption of financial markets or negative news about the financial industry generally or
us specifically. Factors that are specific to our business include the possibility that lenders or
investors could develop a negative perception of our long-term or short-term financial prospects,
for example if we incurred large trading losses or if the level of our business activity decreased
due to a market downturn. Similarly, our access to funds may be impaired if regulatory authorities
took significant action against us, or if we discovered that one of our employees had engaged in
serious unauthorized or illegal activity.
We currently do not have a credit rating, which could adversely affect our liquidity and
competitive position by increasing our borrowing costs and limiting access to sources of liquidity
that require a credit rating as a condition to providing funds. Our liquidity also could be
impacted by the growth in our proprietary trading activities if these activities involve long-term
investments and/or investments in specific markets without liquidity, or our proprietary positions
represent significant portions of a specific market, creating liquidity restrictions for our
positions.
We may not be able to compete successfully with other companies in the financial services industry
who are often larger and better capitalized than we are.
The financial services industry is extremely competitive, and our revenues and profitability
will suffer if we are unable to compete effectively. We compete generally on the basis of such
factors as quality of advice and service, reputation, price, product selection, transaction
execution and financial resources. Pricing and other competitive pressures in investment banking,
including the trends toward multiple book runners, co-managers and multiple financial advisors
handling transactions, have continued and could adversely affect our revenues, even during periods
where the volume and number of investment banking transactions are increasing.
8
Further, we are at a competitive disadvantage given our relatively small size compared to some
of our competitors. Large financial services firms typically have a larger capital base and greater
resources than we have, affording them greater capacity for risk and potential for innovation, an
extended geographic reach and flexibility to offer a broader set of products. For example, larger
firms have leveraged their size to take advantage of increased activity in international markets,
primarily by growing and supporting their international operations. In addition, firms with a
larger capital base have greater flexibility to support investment banking by offering credit
products to corporate clients, which can be a significant competitive advantage. With respect to
our fixed income business, larger firms have grown their fixed income businesses by investing in,
developing and offering non-traditional products. Because we are smaller, it is more difficult for
us to diversify and differentiate our product set, and our fixed income business mix currently is
concentrated in traditional categories, potentially with less opportunity for growth than other
firms may have.
Our ability to attract, develop and retain highly skilled and productive employees is critical to
the success of our business.
We face intense competition for qualified employees from other businesses in the financial
services industry, and the performance of our business may suffer to the extent we are unable to
attract and retain employees effectively, particularly given the relatively small size of our
company and our employee base compared to some of our competitors and the geographic locations in
which we operate. The primary sources of revenue in each of our business lines are commissions and
fees earned on advisory and underwriting transactions and customer accounts managed by our
employees, who are regularly recruited by other firms and in certain cases are able to take their
client relationships with them when they change firms. Some specialized areas of our business are
operated by a relatively small number of employees, the loss of any of whom could jeopardize the
continuation of that business following the employee’s departure.
Further, our ability to retain and recruit may be hindered if we continue to limit our
aggregate annual compensation and benefits expense as a percentage of annual net revenues. In
2007, compensation and benefits expense equaled approximately 58.5% of annual net revenues. Going
forward, we may not be able to maintain this percentage due to competitive pressures, adverse
developments in market and economic conditions and the resulting negative impact on our revenues
and the impact of new business initiatives or efforts to expand existing businesses that require us
to incur compensation and benefits expense prior to realizing any additional revenues. To the
extent we continue to adhere to annual compensation and benefits expense targets, we may not be
able to retain our professionals or recruit additional professionals at compensation levels that
are within our target range for compensation and benefits expense.
Our underwriting and market-making activities may place our capital at risk.
We may incur losses and be subject to reputational harm to the extent that, for any reason, we
are unable to sell securities we purchased as an underwriter at the anticipated price levels. As an
underwriter, we also are subject to heightened standards regarding liability for material
misstatements or omissions in prospectuses and other offering documents relating to offerings we
underwrite. As a market maker, we may own large positions in specific securities, and these
undiversified holdings concentrate the risk of market fluctuations and may result in greater losses
than would be the case if our holdings were more diversified.
Use of derivative instruments as part of our risk management techniques may not effectively hedge
the risks associated with activities in certain of our businesses.
We may use futures, options, swaps or other securities to hedge inventory. For example, our
fixed income business manages a portfolio of interest rate swaps that hedge the residual cash flows
resulting from a tender option bond program. Our fixed income business also provides swaps and
other interest rate hedging products to public finance clients, which our company in turn hedges
through a counterparty. There are risks inherent in our use of these products, including
counterparty exposure and basis risk. Counterparty exposure refers to the risk that the amount of
collateral in our possession on any given day may not be sufficient to fully cover the current
value of the swaps if a counterparty were to suddenly default. Basis risk refers to risks
associated with swaps used in connection with the tender option bond program, where changes in the
value of the swaps may not exactly mirror changes in the value of the cash flows they are hedging.
It is possible that significant losses may occur from our current exposure to derivative and
interest rate hedging products and the increased use of these products in the future.
We enter into off-balance sheet arrangements that may be required to be consolidated on our
financial statements based on future events outside of our control, including changes in complex
accounting standards.
In the normal course of our business, we enter into various transactions with special purpose
entities (“SPEs”). Our primary involvement with SPEs relates to our tender option bond program in
which approximately $300 million of municipal bonds have been securitized through
9
the sale of the bond into an SPE. We do not consolidate certain SPEs in
which we do not have a controlling financial interest as defined under applicable accounting
standards, and the assessment of whether the accounting criteria for consolidation are met requires
management to exercise significant judgment. If certain events occur that require us to re-assess
our initial determination of non-consolidation or if our judgment of non-consolidation is in error,
we could be required to consolidate the assets and liabilities of an SPE onto our consolidated
balance sheet and recognize its future gains or losses in our consolidated statement of income.
For example, uncertainties regarding monoline insurers (including credit rating agency warnings and
downgrades of certain insurers) have affected our tender option bond program, and as a result, two
SPEs related to this program have been dissolved, requiring us to consolidate the assets of the SPE
and causing us to incur a loss associated with our tender option bond program. Increased
uncertainties and financial difficulties of monoline insurers could result in additional
dissolutions of our tender option bond trusts and additional financial losses. Further, existing
accounting standards may be changed, or interpretations of those standards may change, in the
future in a manner that requires or increases the risk of consolidation of some SPEs. Consolidation
could affect the size of our consolidated balance sheet and related funding requirements, if the
SPE’s assets include unrealized losses, could require us to recognize those losses.
Our businesses, profitability and liquidity may be adversely affected by deterioration in the
credit quality of third parties.
We face credit exposures to third parties that owe us money, securities or other assets to the
extent these parties default on their obligations to us due to bankruptcy, lack of liquidity,
operational failure or other reasons. Deterioration in the credit quality of third parties whose
securities or obligations we hold could result in losses and/or adversely affect our ability to
rehypothecate or otherwise use those securities or obligations for liquidity purposes. A
significant downgrade in the credit ratings of our counterparties could also have a negative impact
on our results. Default rates, downgrades and disputes with counterparties as to the valuation of
collateral tend to increase in times of market stress and illiquidity. Although we regularly review
credit exposures to specific clients and counterparties and to specific industries that we believe
may present credit concerns, default risk may arise from events or circumstances that are difficult
to detect or foresee. In addition, concerns about, or a default by, one institution could lead to
significant liquidity problems, losses or defaults by other institutions, which in turn could
adversely affect our business.
The use of estimates and valuations involve significant estimation and judgment by management.
We make various estimates that affect reported amounts and disclosures. Broadly, those
estimates are used in measuring fair value of certain financial instruments, accounting for
goodwill and intangible assets, establishing provisions for potential losses that may arise from
litigation, regulatory proceedings and tax examinations, and valuing equity-based compensation
awards. Estimates are based on available information and judgment. Therefore, actual results could
differ from our estimates and that difference could have a material effect on our consolidated
financial statements.
Trading securities owned, trading securities owned and pledged as collateral, and trading
securities sold, but not yet purchased consist of financial instruments recorded at fair value, and
unrealized gains and losses related to these financial instruments are reflected on our
consolidated statements of operations. The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount at
which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other
than in a forced or liquidation sale. Where available, fair value is based on observable market
prices or parameters or derived from such prices or parameters. Where observable prices or inputs
are not available, valuation models are applied. These valuation techniques involve some level of
management estimation and judgment, the degree of which is dependent on the price transparency for
the instruments or market and the instruments’ complexity. In particular, the values of derivatives
require significant estimation and judgment and therefore are subject to significant subjectivity.
Reliance on estimation and judgment increases in adverse market conditions with decreased
liquidity, such as those experienced recently.
The financial services industry and the markets in which operate are subject to systemic risk that
could adversely affect our business and results.
Participants in the financial services industry and markets increasingly are closely
interrelated, for example as a result of credit, trading, clearing, technology and other
relationships between them. As a result, an adverse development or issue with one participant (such
as a default) could spread to others and lead to significant concentrated or market-wide problems
(such as defaults, liquidity problems or losses) for other participants, including us. This
systemic risk has increased in recent years due to factors such as financial industry
consolidation, the proliferation of hedge funds, the prevalence of leverage and higher-risk activities, concentration
of risk, the increased use of sophisticated and structured financial products, and
globalization, resulting in higher vulnerability to market disruptions and
spill-over effects (sometimes described as “contagion”). Further, the control and risk management
infrastructure of the markets in which we operate often is outpaced by financial innovation and
growth in new types of securities, transactions and markets. Systemic risk is inherently difficult to assess and quantify, and
its form and magnitude can remain unknown for significant periods of time.
10
We have experienced significant pricing pressure in areas of our business, which may impair our
revenues and profitability.
In recent years we have experienced significant pricing pressures on trading margins and
commissions in equity and fixed income trading. In the fixed income market, regulatory requirements
have resulted in greater price transparency, leading to increased price competition and decreased
trading margins. In the equity market, we have experienced increased pricing pressure from
institutional clients to reduce commissions, and this pressure has been augmented by the increased
use of electronic and direct market access trading, which has created additional competitive
downward pressure on trading margins. The trend toward using alternative trading systems is
continuing to grow, which may result in decreased commission and trading revenue, reduce our
participation in the trading markets and our ability to access market information, and lead to the
creation of new and stronger competitors. Institutional clients also have pressured financial
services firms to alter “soft dollar” practices under which brokerage firms bundle the cost of
trade execution with research products and services. Some institutions are entering into
arrangements that separate (or “unbundle”) payments for research products or services from sales
commissions. These arrangements have increased the competitive pressures on sales commissions and
have affected the value our clients place on high-quality research. Additional pressure on sales
and trading revenue may impair the profitability of our business. Moreover, our inability to reach
agreement regarding the terms of unbundling arrangements with institutional clients who are
actively seeking such arrangements could result in the loss of those clients, which would likely
reduce our institutional commissions. We believe that price competition and pricing pressures in
these and other areas will continue as institutional investors continue to reduce the amounts they
are willing to pay, including by reducing the number of brokerage firms they use, and some of our
competitors seek to obtain market share by reducing fees, commissions or margins.
We may make strategic acquisitions and minority investments, engage in joint ventures or divest or
exit existing businesses, which could cause us to incur unforeseen expense and have disruptive
effects on our business but may not yield the benefits we expect.
We expect to grow in part through corporate development activities that include acquisitions,
joint ventures and minority stakes. Any corporate development activity that we determine to pursue
will be accompanied by a number of risks. After we announce or complete a transaction, our share
price could decline if investors view the transaction as too costly or unlikely to improve our
competitive position. Costs or difficulties relating to a transaction, including integration of
products, employees, technology systems, accounting systems and management controls, may be
difficult to predict accurately and be greater than expected causing our estimates to differ from
actual results. We may be unable to retain key personnel after the transaction, and the transaction
may impair relationships with customers and business partners. These difficulties could disrupt our
ongoing business, increase our expenses and adversely affect our operating results and financial
condition. In addition, we may be unable to achieve anticipated benefits and synergies from the
transaction as fully as expected or within the expected time frame. Divestitures or elimination of
existing businesses or products could have similar effects.
Our technology systems, including outsourced systems, are critical components of our operations,
and failure of those systems or other aspects of our operations infrastructure may disrupt our
business, cause financial loss and constrain our growth.
We typically transact thousands of securities trades on a daily basis across multiple markets.
Our data and transaction processing, financial, accounting and other technology and operating
systems are essential to this task. A system malfunction or mistake made relating to the processing
of transactions could result in financial loss, liability to clients, regulatory intervention,
reputational damage and constraints on our ability to grow. We outsource a substantial portion of
our critical data processing activities, including trade processing and back office data
processing. For example, we have entered into contracts with Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc.
pursuant to which Broadridge handles our trade and back office processing, and Unisys Corporation,
pursuant to which Unisys supports our data center and network management technology needs. We also
contract with third parties for our market data services, which constantly broadcast news, quotes,
analytics and other relevant information to our employees. We contract with other vendors to
produce and mail our customer statements and to provide other services. In the event that any of
these service providers fails to adequately perform such services or the relationship between that
service provider and us is terminated, we may experience a significant disruption in our
operations, including our ability to timely and accurately process transactions or maintain
complete and accurate records of those transactions.
Adapting or developing our technology systems to meet new regulatory requirements, client
needs and industry demands also is critical for our business. Introduction of new technologies
present new challenges on a regular basis. We have an ongoing need to upgrade and improve our
various technology systems, including our data and transaction processing, financial, accounting
and trading systems. This need could present operational issues or require significant capital
spending. It also may require us to make additional investments in technology systems and may require us to reevaluate the current value and/or
expected useful lives of our technology systems, which could negatively impact our results of
operations.
11
Secure processing, storage and transmission of confidential and other information in our
computer systems and networks also is critically important to our business. We take protective
measures and endeavor to modify them as circumstances warrant. However, our computer systems,
software and networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer viruses or other malicious
code, inadvertent, erroneous or intercepted transmission of information (including by e-mail), and
other events that could have an information security impact. If one or more of such events occur,
this potentially could jeopardize our or our clients’ or counterparties’ confidential and other
information processed and stored in, and transmitted through, our computer systems and networks, or
otherwise cause interruptions or malfunctions in our, our clients’, our counterparties’ or third
parties’ operations. We may be required to expend significant additional resources to modify our
protective measures or to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures, and we may
be subject to litigation and financial losses that are either not insured against or not fully
covered through any insurance maintained by us.
A disruption in the infrastructure that supports our business due to fire, natural disaster,
health emergency (e.g., a disease pandemic), power or communication failure, act of terrorism or
war may affect our ability to service and interact with our clients. If we are not able to
implement contingency plans effectively, any such disruption could harm our results of operations.
Our business is subject to extensive regulation that limits our business activities, and a
significant regulatory action against our company may have a material adverse financial effect or
cause significant reputational harm to our company.
As a participant in the financial services industry, we are subject to complex and extensive
regulation of many aspects of our business by U.S. federal and state regulatory agencies,
self-regulatory organizations (including securities exchanges) and by foreign governmental
agencies, regulatory bodies and securities exchanges. Generally, the requirements imposed by our
regulators are designed to ensure the integrity of the financial markets and to protect customers
and other third parties who deal with us. These requirements are not designed to protect our
shareholders. Consequently, broker-dealer regulations often serve to limit our activities, through
net capital, customer protection and market conduct requirements and restrictions on the businesses
in which we may operate or invest. In addition, we must comply with asset management regulations,
including customer disclosures to protect investors. Compliance with many of these regulations
entails a number of risks, particularly in areas where applicable regulations may be newer or
unclear. In addition, regulatory authorities in all jurisdictions in which we conduct business may
intervene in our business and we and our employees could be fined or otherwise disciplined for
violations or prohibited from engaging in some of our business activities.
The current environment poses heightened risk of regulatory action, which could adversely
affect our ability to conduct our business or could result in fines or reputational damage to our
company. Additionally, many of the issues that face the financial services industry are complex and
difficult and our reputation could be damaged if we fail, or appear to fail, to deal appropriately
with them. Moreover, new laws or regulations or changes in the interpretation or enforcement of
existing laws or regulations may also adversely affect our business. For example, the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the rules of the SEC, the NYSE and FINRA have necessitated significant
changes to corporate governance and public disclosure. These provisions generally apply to
companies with securities listed on U.S. securities exchanges and some provisions apply to non-U.S.
issuers with securities traded on U.S. securities exchanges. In addition, the scope of new legal
and regulatory requirements could require us to invest in additional resources to ensure
compliance, and new accounting and disclosure requirements could adversely affect our business.
We also are subject to complex income tax laws of the jurisdictions in which we have business
operations, and these tax laws may be subject to different interpretations by the taxpayer and the
relevant governmental taxing authorities. We must make judgments and interpretations about the
application of these inherently complex tax laws when determining the provision for income taxes.
We are subject to contingent tax risk that could adversely affect our results of operations, to the
extent that our interpretations of tax laws are disputed upon examination or audit, and are settled
in amounts in excess of established reserves for such contingencies.
Our exposure to legal liability is significant, and could lead to substantial damages.
We face significant legal risks in our businesses. These risks include potential liability
under securities laws and regulations in connection with our investment banking and other
securities transactions. The volume and amount of damages claimed in litigation, arbitrations,
regulatory enforcement actions and other adversarial proceedings against financial services firms
have increased in recent years. Our experience has been that adversarial proceedings against
financial services firms typically increase during a market downturn. We also are subject to claims
from
12
disputes with our employees and our former employees under various circumstances.
Risks associated with legal liability often are difficult to assess or quantify and their
existence and magnitude can remain unknown for significant periods of time, making the amount of
legal reserves related to these legal liabilities difficult to determine and subject to future
revision. Legal or regulatory matters involving our directors, officers or employees in their
individual capacities also may create exposure for us because we may be obligated or may choose to
indemnify the affected individuals against liabilities and expenses they incur in connection with
such matters to the extent permitted under applicable law. In addition, like other financial
services companies, we may face the possibility of employee fraud or misconduct. The precautions we
take to prevent and detect this activity may not be effective in all cases and we cannot assure you
that we will be able to deter or prevent fraud or misconduct. Exposures from and expenses incurred
related to any of the foregoing actions or proceedings could have a negative impact on our results
of operations and financial condition. In addition, future results of operations could be adversely
affected if reserves relating to these legal liabilities are required to be increased or legal
proceedings are resolved in excess of established reserves.
Asset management revenue may vary based on investment performance and market and economic factors.
As a result of our acquisition of FAMCO in the third quarter of 2007, we significantly
expanded our asset management business. Our revenues from this business are primarily derived from
management fees which are based on assets under management. Our ability to maintain or increase
assets under management is subject to a number of factors, including investors’ perception of our
past performance, market or economic conditions, competition from other fund managers and our
ability to negotiate terms with major investors.
Investment performance is one of the most important factors in retaining existing clients and
competing for new asset management business. Poor investment performance and other competitive
factors could reduce our revenues and impair our growth in many ways: existing clients may withdraw funds from our asset management business in favor of
better performing products or a different investment style or focus; our capital investments in our investment funds or the seed capital we have committed to
new asset management products may diminish in value or may be lost; and our key employees in the business may depart, whether to join a competitor or otherwise.
To the extent our future investment performance is perceived to be poor in either relative or
absolute terms, our asset management revenues will likely be reduced and our ability to raise new
funds will likely be impaired. Even when market conditions are generally favorable, our investment
performance may be adversely affected by our investment style and the particular investments that
we make. Further, our asset management business depends in part on a key client, and the loss of
this client would have an adverse affect on our asset management revenues.
In addition, over the past several years, the size and number of investment funds, including
exchange-traded funds, hedge funds and private equity funds, has continued to increase. If this
trend continues, it is possible that it will become increasingly difficult for us to raise capital
for new investment funds or price competition may mean that we are unable to maintain our current
fee structure.
The business operations that we conduct outside of the United States subject us to unique risks.
To the extent we conduct business outside the United States, for example in Europe and Asia,
we are subject to risks including, without limitation, the risk that we will be unable to provide
effective operational support to these business activities, the risk of non-compliance with foreign
laws and regulations, the general economic and political conditions in countries where we conduct
business, which may differ significantly from those in the United States. In addition, we may
experience currency risk as foreign exchange rates fluctuate in a manner that negatively impacts
the value of non-U.S. dollar assets, revenues and expenses. If we are unable to manage these risks
effectively, our reputation and results of operations could be harmed.
We may suffer losses if our reputation is harmed.
Our ability to attract and retain customers and employees may be diminished to the extent our
reputation is damaged. If we fail, or are perceived to fail, to address various issues that may
give rise to reputational risk, we could harm our business prospects. These issues include, but are
not limited to, appropriately dealing with market dynamics (such as the current credit crisis),
potential conflicts of interest, legal and
13
regulatory requirements, ethical issues, customer privacy,
record-keeping, sales and trading practices, and the proper identification of the legal,
reputational, credit, liquidity and market risks inherent in our products and services. Failure to
appropriately address these issues could give rise to loss of existing or future business,
financial loss, and legal or regulatory liability, including complaints, claims and enforcement
proceedings against us, which could, in turn, subject us to fines, judgments and other penalties.
Regulatory capital requirements may limit our ability to expand or maintain present levels of our
business or impair our ability to meet our financial obligations.
We are subject to the SEC’s uniform net capital rule (Rule 15c3-1) and the net capital rule of
FINRA, which may limit our ability to make withdrawals of capital from Piper Jaffray & Co., our
broker dealer subsidiary. The uniform net capital rule sets the minimum level of net capital a
broker dealer must maintain and also requires that a portion of its assets be relatively liquid.
FINRA may prohibit a member firm from expanding its business or paying cash dividends if resulting
net capital falls below its requirements. In addition, Piper Jaffray Ltd., our London-based broker
dealer subsidiary, and Piper Jaffray Asia, our Hong Kong-based broker dealer subsidiary, are
subject to similar limitations under applicable laws in those jurisdictions.
As Piper Jaffray Companies is a holding company, we depend on dividends, distributions and
other payments from our subsidiaries to fund all payments on our obligations, including any share
repurchases that we may make. These regulatory restrictions may impede access to funds our holding
company needs to make payments on any such obligations. In addition, underwriting commitments
require a charge against net capital and, accordingly, our ability to make underwriting commitments
may be limited by the requirement that we must at all times be in compliance with the applicable
net capital regulations.
Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and of Delaware law may prevent or delay
an acquisition of our company, which could decrease the market value of our common stock.
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and Delaware law contain provisions that are
intended to deter abusive takeover tactics by making them unacceptably expensive to the raider and
to encourage prospective acquirors to negotiate with our board of directors rather than to attempt
a hostile takeover. These provisions include limitations on actions by our shareholders by written
consent and a rights plan that gives our board of directors the right to issue preferred stock
without shareholder approval, which could be used to dilute the stock ownership of a potential
hostile acquiror. Previously, our certificate of incorporation and bylaws also included provisions
for a classified board of directors, but our shareholders approved the elimination of the
classified structure at our 2007 annual meeting, resulting in the annual election of all directors
in 2010. Delaware law also imposes some restrictions on mergers and other business combinations
between us and any holder of 15 percent or more of our outstanding common stock. In connection with
our spin-off from U.S. Bancorp we adopted a rights agreement, which would impose a significant
penalty on any person or group that acquires 15 percent or more of our outstanding common stock
without the approval of our board of directors. We believe these provisions protect our
shareholders from coercive or otherwise unfair takeover tactics by requiring potential acquirors to
negotiate with our board of directors and by providing our board of directors with more time to
assess any acquisition proposal, and are not intended to make our company immune from takeovers.
However, these provisions apply even if the offer may be considered beneficial by some shareholders
and could delay or prevent an acquisition that our board of directors determines is not in the best
interests of our company and our shareholders.
14
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| ITEM 1B. |
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UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS. |
None.
As of February 21, 2008, we conducted our operations through 22 principal offices in 17 states
and in London, Hong Kong, and Shanghai. All of our offices are leased. Our principal executive
office is located at 800 Nicollet Mall, Suite 800, Minneapolis, Minnesota and, as of February 21,
2008, comprise approximately 320,000 square feet of leased space (of which approximately 94,600
square feet have been subleased to others and approximately 49,000 square feet we are marketing for
sublease). We have entered into a sublease arrangement with U.S. Bancorp, as lessor, for our
offices at 800 Nicollet Mall, the term of which expires on May 29, 2014.
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| ITEM 3. |
|
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS. |
Due to the nature of our business, we are involved in a variety of legal proceedings
(including, but not limited to, those described below). These proceedings include litigation,
arbitration and regulatory proceedings, which may arise from, among other things, underwriting or
other transactional activity, client account activity, employment matters, regulatory examinations
of our businesses and investigations of securities industry practices by governmental agencies and
self-regulatory organizations. The securities industry is highly regulated, and the regulatory
scrutiny applied to securities firms has increased dramatically in recent years, resulting in a
higher number of regulatory investigations and enforcement actions and significantly greater
uncertainty regarding the likely outcome of these matters. The number of litigation and arbitration
proceedings also has increased in recent years. Accordingly, in recent years we have incurred
higher expenses for legal proceedings than previously.
At the time of our spin-off from U.S. Bancorp, we assumed liability for certain legal
proceedings that named U.S. Bancorp as a defendant but related to the business we managed when
Piper Jaffray was a subsidiary of U.S. Bancorp. In those situations, we generally have agreed with
U.S. Bancorp that we will manage the proceedings and indemnify U.S. Bancorp for the related
expenses, including the amount of any judgment. In turn, U.S. Bancorp agreed to indemnify us for
certain legal proceedings relating to our business prior to the spin-off (as described in Note 17
to our consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K).
As part of our asset purchase agreement with UBS for the sale of our PCS branch network, UBS
agreed to assume certain liabilities of the PCS business, including certain liabilities and
obligations arising from litigation, arbitration, customer complaints and other claims related to
the PCS business. In certain cases we have agreed to indemnify UBS for litigation matters after UBS
has incurred costs of $6.0 million related to these matters and as of December 31, 2007, UBS has
exceeded this $6.0 million threshold. In addition, we have retained liabilities arising from
regulatory matters and certain litigation relating to the PCS business prior to the sale.
Litigation-related expenses include amounts we reserve and/or pay out as legal and regulatory
settlements, awards or judgments, and fines. Parties who initiate litigation and arbitration
proceedings against us may seek substantial or indeterminate damages, and regulatory investigations
can result in substantial fines being imposed on us. We reserve for contingencies related to legal
proceedings at the time and to the extent we determine the amount to be probable and reasonably
estimable. However, it is inherently difficult to predict accurately the timing and outcome of
legal proceedings, including the amounts of any settlements, judgments or fines. We assess each
proceeding based on its particular facts, our outside advisors’ and our past experience with
similar matters, and expectations regarding the current legal and regulatory environment and other
external developments that might affect the outcome of a particular proceeding or type of
proceeding. We believe, based on our current knowledge, after appropriate consultation with outside
legal counsel, in light of our established reserves, the indemnification available from U.S.
Bancorp and assumption by UBS of certain PCS-related liabilities, that pending litigation,
arbitration and regulatory proceedings, including those described below, will be resolved with no
material adverse effect on our financial condition. Of course, there can be no assurance that our
assessments will reflect the ultimate outcome of pending proceedings, and the outcome of any
particular matter may be material to our operating results for any particular period, depending, in
part, on the operating results for that period and the amount of established reserves and
indemnification. We generally have denied, or believe that we have meritorious defenses and will
deny, liability in all significant cases currently pending against us, and we intend to vigorously
defend such actions.
Initial Public Offering Allocation Litigation
We have been named, along with other leading securities firms, as a defendant in many putative
class actions filed in 2001 and 2002 in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New
York involving the allocation of securities in certain initial public offerings. The court’s order,
dated August 8, 2001, transferred all related class action
complaints for coordination and pretrial purposes as In re Initial
Public
15
Offering Allocation Securities Litigation, Master File No. 21
MC 92 (SAS). These complaints assert claims pursuant to Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933
and Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. The
claims are based, in part, upon allegations that between 1998 and 2000, in connection with acting
as an underwriter of certain initial public offerings of technology and Internet-related companies,
we obtained excessive compensation by allocating shares in these initial public offerings to
preferred customers who, in return, purportedly agreed to pay additional compensation to us in the
form of excess commissions that we failed to disclose. The complaints also allege that our
customers who received favorable allocations of shares in initial public offerings agreed to
purchase additional shares of the same issuer in the secondary market at pre-determined prices.
These complaints seek unspecified damages. Seventeen focus cases have been selected, including
eleven cases for purposes of merits discovery and six cases for purposes of class certification. We
are named defendants in two of the merits focus cases and none of the class certification focus
cases. On October 13, 2004, the court issued an opinion largely granting plaintiffs’ motions for
class certification in the six class certification focus cases. Defendants filed a petition seeking
leave to appeal the class certification ruling and, on December 5, 2006, the U.S. Court of Appeals
for the Second Circuit issued its decision in In re Initial Public Offering Securities Litigation,
No 05-3349-CV (Dec. 5, 2006) vacating the class certifications and remanding for further
proceedings finding that (1) a district judge may not certify a class without making a ruling that
each F.R.C.P. Rule 23 requirement is met, (2) all the evidence must be assessed as with any
threshold issue, (3) the fact that a Rule 23 requirement might overlap with an issue on the merits
does not avoid the court’s obligation to make a ruling as to whether the requirement is met, and
(4) the cases pending on appeal may not be certified as class actions. Plaintiffs petitioned the
Second Circuit for rehearing and rehearing en banc of its decision. The Second Circuit denied the
petition for rehearing and plaintiffs filed amended, consolidated complaints in six focus cases. The defendants moved to dismiss the amended consolidated complaints
on November 14, 2007.
Initial Public Offering Fee Antitrust Litigation
In 1998, we were named, along with other leading securities firms, as a defendant in several
putative class actions filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. The
court consolidated these purported class actions in In re Public Offering Fee Antitrust Litigation,
Case No. 98 CV 7890 (LMM). The consolidated amended complaint, which sought unspecified
compensatory damages, treble damages and injunctive relief, was filed on behalf of purchasers of
shares issued in certain initial public offerings for U.S. companies and alleged that defendants
conspired in offerings of an amount between $20 million and $80 million to fix the underwriters’
discount at 7.0 percent of the offering amount in violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Act.
Plaintiffs’ damage claims were dismissed in 2004. Absent any ability to recover damages, plaintiffs
have been instructed to advise the court whether they intend to pursue injunctive relief as a class
action. The Second Circuit reversed and remanded the decision denying class certification.
Similar purported class actions also have been filed against us, as well as other leading
securities firms, in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York on behalf of
issuer companies asserting substantially similar antitrust claims based upon allegations that 7.0
percent underwriters’ discounts violate the Sherman Act. These purported class actions were
consolidated by the district court as In re Issuer Plaintiff Initial Public Offering Fee Antitrust
Litigation, Case No. 00 CV 7804 (LMM), on May 23, 2001. On April 18, 2006, the Court denied
plaintiffs’ request that the matter be certified as a class action. Plaintiffs appealed the denial
of class certification to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. On September 11, 2007, the Second Circuit
reversed and remanded the decision denying class certification. Plaintiffs have again moved for class certification,
and the underwriter defendants have opposed that motion.
Enron Litigation
We are among numerous defendants in an action filed in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the
Southern District of New York in November 2003 relating to Enron Corp., which filed for bankruptcy
protection under U.S. bankruptcy laws on December 2, 2001. The action asserts that all parties who
sold Enron short-term commercial paper in late October or early November 2001, received
preferential payments or fraudulent transfers which are recoverable from the recipients. Claims
totaling approximately $60 million are being asserted against numerous defendants including us, Enron’s commercial paper dealers
and various broker-dealer intermediaries and customers who acquired the
commercial paper. In early 2004, most of the defendants in the case filed motions to
dismiss based on the 11 U.S.C. §546(e) safe harbor defense. The motion was denied. On August 1,
2005, various defendants including us petitioned to have the denial of the motion to dismiss reviewed by the U.S. District Court
for the Southern District of New York.
16
Municipal Contract Matters
We have received subpoenas and requests for information from, and we are responding to, the
SEC and the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”), Antitrust Division, which are conducting broad, industry-wide investigations
of anticompetitive and other practices relating to the marketing, providing or
brokering of contracts involving the investment or reinvestment of proceeds of certain tax-exempt
bond issues, including guaranteed investment contracts, derivatives and other investment
securities. In December 2007, the DOJ notified one of our employees, whose employment subsequently was terminated, that he is
regarded as a target of the investigation. We are cooperating with these inquiries and discussions with the SEC and DOJ are
continuing.
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| ITEM 4. |
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SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS. |
During the fourth quarter of 2007, we did not submit any matters to a vote of our
shareholders.
PART II
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| ITEM 5. |
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MARKET FOR THE COMMON EQUITY, RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY
SECURITIES. |
The sections of our 2007 Annual Report to Shareholders entitled “Market for Piper Jaffray
Common Stock and Related Shareholder Matters” and “Stock Performance Graph” are incorporated herein
by reference and also are included in Exhibit 13.1 to this Form 10-K.
A third-party trustee makes open market purchases of our common stock from time to time
pursuant to the Piper Jaffray Companies Retirement Plan, under which participating employees may
allocate assets to a company stock fund.
There were no purchases made by or on behalf of Piper Jaffray Companies or any “affiliated
purchaser” (as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), of our
common stock during the quarter ended December 31, 2007.
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| ITEM 6. |
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SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA. |
The section of our 2007 Annual Report to Shareholders entitled “Selected Financial Data” is
incorporated herein by reference and also is included in Exhibit 13.1 to this Form 10-K.
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| ITEM 7. |
|
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS. |
The section of our 2007 Annual Report to Shareholders entitled “Management’s Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” is incorporated herein by reference and
also is included in Exhibit 13.1 to this Form 10-K.
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| ITEM 7A. |
|
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK. |
The section of our 2007 Annual Report to Shareholders entitled “Management’s Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Enterprise Risk Management” is
incorporated herein by reference and also is included in Exhibit 13.1 to this Form 10-K.
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| ITEM 8. |
|
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA. |
The consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our 2007 Annual Report to
Shareholders are incorporated herein by reference and also are included in Exhibit 13.1 to this
Form 10-K. The section of our 2007 Annual Report to Shareholders entitled “Supplemental
Information—Quarterly Information” is incorporated herein by reference and also is included in
Exhibit 13.1 to this Form 10-K.
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| ITEM 9. |
|
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE. |
None.
17
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| ITEM 9A. |
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CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES. |
As of the end of the period covered by this report, we conducted an evaluation, under the
supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial
officer, of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based on this evaluation, our principal executive
officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are
effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or
submit under the Exchange Act is (a) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time
periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms and (b) accumulated and
communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial
officer to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure. During the fourth quarter of our fiscal
year ended December 31, 2007, there was no change in our system of internal control over financial
reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934)
that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control
over financial reporting.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting and the attestation report of
our independent registered public accounting firm on management’s assessment of internal control
over financial reporting are included in our 2007 Annual Report to Shareholders and are
incorporated herein by reference. These reports also are included in Exhibit 13.1 to this Form
10-K.
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| ITEM 9B. |
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OTHER INFORMATION. |
Not applicable.
PART III
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| ITEM 10. |
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DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE. |
The information regarding our executive officers included in Part I of this Form 10-K under
the caption “Executive Officers” is incorporated herein by reference. The information in the
definitive proxy statement for our 2008 annual meeting of shareholders to be held on May 7, 2008,
under the captions “Nominees for Election as Directors for a one-year term expiring 2009,” “Members
of the Board of Directors Continuing in Office,” “Information Regarding the Board of Directors and
Corporate Governance—Committees of the Board—Audit Committee,” “Information Regarding the Board
of Directors and Corporate Governance—Codes of Ethics and Business Conduct” and “Section 16(a)
Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” is incorporated herein by reference.
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| ITEM 11. |
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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION. |
The information in the definitive proxy statement for our 2008 annual meeting of shareholders
to be held on May 7, 2008, under the captions “Executive Compensation,” “Certain Relationships and
Related Transactions—Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” and “Information
Regarding the Board of Directors and Corporate Governance—Compensation Program for Non-Employee
Directors” is incorporated herein by reference.
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| ITEM 12. |
|
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED SHAREHOLDER
MATTERS. |
The information in the definitive proxy statement for our 2008 annual meeting of shareholders
to be held on May 7, 2008, under the captions “Security Ownership—Beneficial Ownership of
Directors, Nominees and Executive Officers,” “Security Ownership—Beneficial Owners of More than
Five Percent of Our Common Stock” and “Item 3—Outstanding Equity Awards” are incorporated herein
by reference.
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| ITEM 13. |
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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE. |
The information in the definitive proxy statement for our 2008 annual meeting of shareholders
to be held on May 7, 2008, under the captions “Information Regarding the Board of Directors and
Corporate Governance—Director Independence,” “Certain Relationships and Related
Transactions—Transactions with Related Persons” and “Certain Relationships and Related
Transactions—Review and Approval of Transactions with Related Persons” is incorporated herein by
reference.
18
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| ITEM 14. |
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PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES. |
The information in the definitive proxy statement for our 2008 annual meeting of shareholders
to be held on May 7, 2008, under the captions “Audit Committee Report and Payment of Fees to Our
Independent Auditor—Auditor Fees” and “Audit Committee Report and Payment of Fees to Our
Independent Auditor—Auditor Services Pre-Approval Policy” is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV
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| ITEM 15. |
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EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES. |
(a)(1) FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF THE COMPANY.
The Consolidated Financial Statements incorporated herein by reference and included in Exhibit
13.1 to this Form 10-K are listed on page F-1 by reference to the corresponding page numbers in our
2007 Annual Report to Shareholders.
(a)(2) FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.
The financial statement schedule required to be filed hereunder is listed on page F-1. All
other financial statement schedules are not required under the related instructions or are
inapplicable and therefore have been omitted.
(a)(3) EXHIBITS.
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| Exhibit |
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Method of |
| Number |
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Description |
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Filing |
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2.1 |
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Separation and Distribution Agreement, dated as of December 23, 2003, between U.S.
Bancorp and Piper Jaffray Companies. #
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(1 |
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2.2 |
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Asset Purchase Agreement dated April 10, 2006, among Piper Jaffray Companies, Piper
Jaffray & Co. and UBS Financial Services Inc. #
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(2 |
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2.3 |
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Agreement of Purchase and Sale dated April 12, 2007 among Piper Jaffray Companies,
Piper Jaffray Newco Inc., WG CAR, LLC, Charles D. Walbrandt, Joseph E. Gallagher, Jr.,
Wiley D. Angell, James J. Cunnane, Jr. and Mohammed Riad. #
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(3 |
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2.4 |
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Amendment to Agreement of Purchase and Sale dated September 14, 2007 among Piper
Jaffray Companies, Piper Jaffray Investment Management Inc. (formerly known as Piper
Jaffray Newco Inc.), WG CAR, LLC, Charles D. Walbrandt, Joseph E. Gallagher, Jr.,
Wiley D. Angell, James J. Cunnane, Jr. and Mohammed Riad.
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(4 |
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2.5 |
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Equity Purchase Agreement, dated July 3, 2007, among Piper Jaffray Companies, all
owners of the equity interests in Goldbond Capital Holdings Limited (“Sellers”), Ko Po
Ming, and certain individuals and entities who are owners of certain Sellers. #
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(5 |
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3.1 |
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Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.
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(6 |
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3.2 |
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Amended and Restated Bylaws.
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(6 |
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4.1 |
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Form of Specimen Certificate for Piper Jaffray Companies Common Stock.
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(7 |
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4.2 |
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Rights Agreement, dated as of December 31, 2003, between Piper Jaffray Companies and
Mellon Investor Services LLC, as Rights Agent. #
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(1 |
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10.1 |
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Employee Benefits Agreement, dated as of December 23, 2003, between U.S. Bancorp and
Piper Jaffray Companies. #
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(1 |
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10.2 |
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Tax Sharing Agreement, dated as of December 23, 2003, between U.S. Bancorp and Piper
Jaffray Companies. #
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(1 |
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10.3 |
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Insurance Matters Agreement, dated as of December 23, 2003, between U.S. Bancorp and
Piper Jaffray Companies. #
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(1 |
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19
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| Exhibit |
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Method of |
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Description |
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Filing |
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10.4 |
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Sublease Agreement, dated as of September 18, 2003, between U.S. Bancorp and
U.S. Bancorp Piper Jaffray Inc.
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(8 |
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10.5 |
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Form of Cash Award Agreement.*
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(1 |
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10.6 |
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U.S. Bancorp Piper Jaffray Inc. Second Century 2000 Deferred Compensation Plan.*
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(1 |
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10.7 |
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U.S. Bancorp Piper Jaffray Inc. Second Century Growth Deferred Compensation Plan (As
Amended and Restated Effective September 30, 1998).*
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(1 |
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10.8 |
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Piper Jaffray Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual and Long-Term Incentive Plan.*
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(9 |
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10.9 |
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Form of Stock Option Agreement for Employee Grants under the Piper Jaffray Companies
Amended and Restated 2003 Annual and Long-Term Incentive Plan.*
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(10 |
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10.10 |
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Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for Employee Grants under the Piper Jaffray
Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual and Long-Term Incentive Plan.*
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(10 |
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10.11 |
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Form of Stock Option Agreement for Non-Employee Director Grants under the Piper
Jaffray Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual and Long-Term Incentive Plan.*
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(11 |
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10.12 |
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Piper Jaffray Companies Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors.*
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(12 |
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10.13 |
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Summary of Non-Employee Director Compensation Program.*
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Filed herewith
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10.14 |
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Summary of Annual Incentive Program for Certain Executive Officers.*
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(13 |
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10.15 |
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Summary of Addison L. Piper Compensation Arrangement*
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(10 |
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10.16 |
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Form of Notice Period Agreement.*
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(10 |
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10.17 |
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Loan Agreement (Auction Rate
Securities Facility), dated February 19, 2008, between Piper Jaffray Funding II Inc.
and U.S. Bank National Association |
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(14 |
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10.18 |
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Loan Agreement (Broker-Dealer ARS Facility),
dated February 19, 2008, between Piper Jaffray & Co. and U.S. Bank National Association |
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(14 |
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13.1 |
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Selected Portions of the 2007 Annual Report to Shareholders.
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Filed herewith
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21.1 |
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Subsidiaries of Piper Jaffray Companies.
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Filed herewith
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23.1 |
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Consent of Ernst & Young LLP.
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Filed herewith
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24.1 |
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Power of Attorney.
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Filed herewith
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31.1 |
|
|
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer.
|
|
Filed herewith
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
31.2 |
|
|
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Vice Chairman and Chief Financial Officer.
|
|
Filed herewith
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
32.1 |
|
|
Section 1350 Certifications.
|
|
Filed herewith
|
|
|
|
| * |
|
Denotes management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an
exhibit to this report. |
| |
| # |
|
The Company hereby agrees to furnish supplementally to the Commission upon request any
omitted exhibit or schedule. |
| |
| (1) |
|
Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year end December 31, 2003,
filed with the Commission on March 8, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| |
| (2) |
|
Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on April 11, 2006,
and incorporated herein by reference. |
| |
| (3) |
|
Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on April 13, 2007, and
incorporated herein by reference. |
| |
| (4) |
|
Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on September 14, 2007,
and incorporated herein by reference. |
| |
| (5) |
|
Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on July 3, 2007, and
incorporated herein by reference. |
| |
| (6) |
|
File as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2007,
filed with the Commission on August 8, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| |
| (7) |
|
Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10, filed with the Commission on June 25, 2003, and
incorporated herein by reference. |
| |
| (8) |
|
Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Amendment No. 2 to Form 10, filed with the Commission on
October 23, 2003, and incorporated herein by reference. |
20
|
|
|
| (9) |
|
Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2006,
filed with the Commission on August 4, 2006, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| |
| (10) |
|
Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-K For the year ended December 31, 2006, filed
with the Commission on March 1, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| |
| (11) |
|
Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2004,
filed with the Commission on August 4, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| |
| (12) |
|
Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2007,
filed with the Commission on May 4, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference. |
| |
| (13) |
|
Incorporated herein by reference to Item 5.02 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the
Commission on February 27, 2008. |
| |
| (14) |
|
Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the
Commission on February 22, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference. |
21
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto
duly authorized on February 28, 2008.
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
PIPER JAFFRAY COMPANIES
|
|
| |
By /s/ Andrew S. Duff
|
|
| |
Its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer |
|
| |
|
|
| |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been
signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated
on February 28, 2008.
| |
|
|
| SIGNATURE |
|
TITLE |
|
|
|
/s/ Andrew S. Duff
Andrew S. Duff
|
|
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer) |
|
|
|
/s/ Thomas P. Schnettler
Thomas P. Schnettler
|
|
Vice Chairman and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer) |
|
|
|
/s/ Timothy L. Carter
Timothy L. Carter
|
|
Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer) |
|
|
|
/s/ Michael R. Francis
|
|
Director |
|
|
|
Michael R. Francis |
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ B. Kristine Johnson
|
|
Director |
|
|
|
B. Kristine Johnson |
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Samuel L. Kaplan
|
|
Director |
|
|
|
Samuel L. Kaplan |
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Addison L. Piper
|
|
Director |
|
|
|
Addison L. Piper |
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Lisa K. Polsky
|
|
Director |
|
|
|
Lisa K. Polsky |
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Frank L. Sims
|
|
Director |
|
|
|
Frank L. Sims |
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Jean M. Taylor
|
|
Director |
|
|
|
Jean M. Taylor |
|
|
22
PIPER JAFFRAY COMPANIES
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Page |
| |
|
Form |
|
Annual |
| |
|
10-K |
|
Report |
Consolidated Financial Statements |
|
|
|
|
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting |
|
|
|
33 |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
|
|
|
34 |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
|
|
|
35 |
Consolidated Financial Statements |
|
|
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition |
|
|
|
36 |
Consolidated Statements of Operations |
|
|
|
37 |
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity |
|
|
|
38 |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |
|
|
|
39 |
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |
|
|
|
40 |
Financial Statement Schedule |
|
|
|
|
Schedule I — Piper Jaffray Companies (Parent Company Only) Financial Statements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-1 |
|
|
|
|
F-2 |
|
|
|
|
F-3 |
|
|
|
|
F-4 |
|
|
|
|
F-5 |
|
|
23
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Shareholders
Piper Jaffray Companies
We have audited the consolidated financial statements of Piper Jaffray Companies as of December 31,
2007 and 2006, and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007, and have
issued our report thereon dated February 26, 2008 (incorporated by reference in this Annual Report
on Form 10-K). Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in Item 15(a) of
this Annual Report. This schedule is the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion based on our audits.
In our opinion, the financial statement schedule referred to above, when considered in relation to
the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the
information set forth therein.
Minneapolis, Minnesota
February 26, 2008
F-1
Piper Jaffray Companies
(Parent Company Only)
Statements of Financial Condition
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
December 31, |
|
| |
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
| (Amounts in thousands) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
$ |
230 |
|
|
$ |
4,738 |
|
Investment in and advances to subsidiaries |
|
|
918,783 |
|
|
|
917,858 |
|
Other assets |
|
|
2,076 |
|
|
|
1,843 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
921,089 |
|
|
$ |
924,439 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other liabilities |
|
$ |
8,500 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders’ equity |
|
|
912,589 |
|
|
|
924,439 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity |
|
$ |
921,089 |
|
|
$ |
924,439 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-2
Piper Jaffray Companies
(Parent Company Only)
Statements of Operations
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
| |
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
| (Amounts in thousands) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividends from subsidiaries |
|
$ |
182,326 |
|
|
$ |
102,700 |
|
|
$ |
1,900 |
|
Interest income |
|
|
96 |
|
|
|
73 |
|
|
|
24 |
|
Unrealized gain on investments |
|
|
75 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues |
|
|
182,497 |
|
|
|
102,773 |
|
|
|
1,924 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses |
|
|
3,859 |
|
|
|
4,404 |
|
|
|
4,774 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit) and equity in undistributed
income of subsidiaries |
|
|
178,638 |
|
|
|
98,369 |
|
|
|
(2,850 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income tax expense/(benefit) |
|
|
48,060 |
|
|
|
44,671 |
|
|
|
(980 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(loss) of parent company |
|
|
130,578 |
|
|
|
53,698 |
|
|
|
(1,870 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity in undistributed (distributed in excess of) income of subsidiaries |
|
|
(88,362 |
) |
|
|
181,555 |
|
|
|
41,953 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income |
|
$ |
42,216 |
|
|
$ |
235,253 |
|
|
$ |
40,083 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-3
Piper Jaffray Companies
(Parent Company Only)
Statements of Cash Flows
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| (Amounts in thousands) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating Activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income |
|
$ |
42,216 |
|
|
$ |
235,253 |
|
|
$ |
40,083 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash
provided by (used in) operating activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock-based compensation |
|
|
465 |
|
|
|
300 |
|
|
|
292 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity distributed in excess of (undistributed)
income of subsidiaries |
|
|
88,362 |
|
|
|
(181,555 |
) |
|
|
(41,953 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |
|
|
131,043 |
|
|
|
53,998 |
|
|
|
(1,578 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financing Activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Advances from (to) subsidiaries |
|
|
(55,580 |
) |
|
|
48,834 |
|
|
|
46,096 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repurchases of common stock |
|
|
(79,971 |
) |
|
|
(100,000 |
) |
|
|
(42,612 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |
|
|
(135,551 |
) |
|
|
(51,166 |
) |
|
|
3,484 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
(4,508 |
) |
|
|
2,832 |
|
|
|
1,906 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |
|
|
4,738 |
|
|
|
1,906 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year |
|
$ |
230 |
|
|
$ |
4,738 |
|
|
$ |
1,906 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash received (paid) during the year for: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest |
|
$ |
96 |
|
|
$ |
73 |
|
|
$ |
24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income taxes |
|
$ |
(48,060 |
) |
|
$ |
(44,671 |
) |
|
$ |
980 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-4
Piper Jaffray Companies
(Parent Company Only)
Notes to Financial Statements
Note 1 Background
Background
Piper Jaffray Companies is the parent company of Piper Jaffray & Co. (“Piper Jaffray”), a
securities broker dealer and investment banking firm; Piper Jaffray Ltd., a firm providing
securities brokerage and investment banking services in Europe headquartered in London, England;
Piper Jaffray Financial Products Inc., an entity that facilitates customer derivative transactions;
Piper Jaffray Financial Products II Inc., an entity dealing primarily in variable rate municipal
products; Fiduciary Asset Management, LLC (“FAMCO”), an entity providing asset management services
to clients through separately managed accounts and closed-end funds offering an array of investment
products; Piper Jaffray Asia Holdings Limited, an entity providing investment banking services in
China headquartered in Hong Kong; and other immaterial subsidiaries. Piper Jaffray Companies and
its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) operate as one reporting segment providing
investment banking services, institutional sales, trading and research services, and asset
management services.
General
The financial information of the Parent Company Only should be read in conjunction with the
consolidated financial statements of Piper Jaffray Companies and the notes thereto in the Piper
Jaffray Companies 2007 Annual Report to Shareholders and also included in Exhibit 13.1 to this Form
10-K.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S.
generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and
the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could
differ from those estimates.
Note 2 Dividend Restrictions
Piper Jaffray is registered as a securities broker dealer and as an investment advisor with
the SEC and is a member of various self regulatory organizations (“SRO”) and securities exchanges.
In July of 2007, the NASD and the member regulation, enforcement and arbitration functions of the
New York Stock Exchange consolidated to form the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”),
which now serves as our primary SRO, although the NYSE continues to have oversight over
NYSE-related market activites. Piper Jaffray is subject to the Uniform Net Capital Rule of the SEC
and the net capital rule of FINRA. Piper Jaffray has elected to use the alternative method
permitted by the SEC rule, which requires that it maintain minimum net capital of the greater of
$1.0 million or 2 percent of aggregate debit balances arising from customer transactions, as such
term is defined in the SEC rule. Under the FINRA rule, FINRA may prohibit a member firm from
expanding its business or paying dividends if resulting net capital would be less than 5 percent of
aggregate debit balances. As of December 31, 2007, Piper Jaffray net capital exceeded 5 percent of
aggregate debits by $196.7 million. Advances to affiliates, repayment of subordinated debt,
dividend payments and other equity withdrawals from Piper Jaffray are subject to certain
notification and other provisions of the SEC and FINRA rules. In addition, Piper Jaffray is subject
to certain notification requirements related to withdrawals of excess net capital.
Note 3 Guarantees
The Parent Company has guaranteed certain obligations and activities of Piper Jaffray Ltd.
related to lease obligations, underwriting activities and custody and clearance arrangements with
counterparties. In addition, the Parent Company has guaranteed the performance of certain of its
subsidiaries derivatives activities.
F-5
Exhibit Index
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Exhibit |
|
|
|
Method of |
| Number |
|
Description |
|
Filing |
| |
2.1 |
|
|
Separation and Distribution Agreement, dated as of December 23, 2003, between U.S.
Bancorp and Piper Jaffray Companies. #
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
2.2 |
|
|
Asset Purchase Agreement dated April 10, 2006, among Piper Jaffray Companies, Piper
Jaffray & Co. and UBS Financial Services Inc. #
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
2.3 |
|
|
Agreement of Purchase and Sale dated April 12, 2007 among Piper Jaffray Companies,
Piper Jaffray Newco Inc., WG CAR, LLC, Charles D. Walbrandt, Joseph E. Gallagher, Jr.,
Wiley D. Angell, James J. Cunnane, Jr. and Mohammed Riad. #
|
|
|
(3 |
) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
2.4 |
|
|
Amendment to Agreement of Purchase and Sale dated September 14, 2007 among Piper
Jaffray Companies, Piper Jaffray Investment Management Inc. (formerly known as Piper
Jaffray Newco Inc.), WG CAR, LLC, Charles D. Walbrandt, Joseph E. Gallagher, Jr.,
Wiley D. Angell, James J. Cunnane, Jr. and Mohammed Riad.
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(4 |
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2.5 |
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Equity Purchase Agreement, dated July 3, 2007, among Piper Jaffray Companies, all
owners of the equity interests in Goldbond Capital Holdings Limited (“Sellers”), Ko Po
Ming, and certain individuals and entities who are owners of certain Sellers. #
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(5 |
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3.1 |
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Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.
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(6 |
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3.2 |
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Amended and Restated Bylaws.
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(6 |
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4.1 |
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Form of Specimen Certificate for Piper Jaffray Companies Common Stock.
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(7 |
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4.2 |
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Rights Agreement, dated as of December 31, 2003, between Piper Jaffray Companies and
Mellon Investor Services LLC, as Rights Agent. #
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(1 |
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10.1 |
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Employee Benefits Agreement, dated as of December 23, 2003, between U.S. Bancorp and
Piper Jaffray Companies. #
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(1 |
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10.2 |
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Tax Sharing Agreement, dated as of December 23, 2003, between U.S. Bancorp and Piper
Jaffray Companies. #
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(1 |
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10.3 |
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Insurance Matters Agreement, dated as of December 23, 2003, between U.S. Bancorp and
Piper Jaffray Companies. #
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(1 |
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10.4 |
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Sublease Agreement, dated as of September 18, 2003, between U.S. Bancorp and
U.S. Bancorp Piper Jaffray Inc.
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(8 |
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10.5 |
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Form of Cash Award Agreement.*
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(1 |
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10.6 |
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U.S. Bancorp Piper Jaffray Inc. Second Century 2000 Deferred Compensation Plan.*
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(1 |
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10.7 |
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U.S. Bancorp Piper Jaffray Inc. Second Century Growth Deferred Compensation Plan (As
Amended and Restated Effective September 30, 1998).*
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(1 |
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10.8 |
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Piper Jaffray Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual and Long-Term Incentive Plan.*
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(9 |
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10.9 |
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Form of Stock Option Agreement for Employee Grants under the Piper Jaffray Companies
Amended and Restated 2003 Annual and Long-Term Incentive Plan.*
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(10 |
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10.10 |
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Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for Employee Grants under the Piper Jaffray
Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual and Long-Term Incentive Plan.*
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(10 |
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10.11 |
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Form of Stock Option Agreement for Non-Employee Director Grants under the Piper
Jaffray Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual and Long-Term Incentive Plan.*
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(11 |
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10.12 |
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Piper Jaffray Companies Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors.*
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(12 |
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10.13 |
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Summary of Non-Employee Director Compensation Program.*
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Filed herewith
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10.14 |
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Summary of Annual Incentive Program for Certain Executive Officers.*
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(13 |
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10.15 |
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Summary of Addison L. Piper Compensation Arrangement*
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(10 |
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Method of |
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Description |
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10.16 |
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Form of Notice Period Agreement.*
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(10 |
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10.17 |
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Loan Agreement (Auction Rate
Securities Facility), dated February 19, 2008, between Piper Jaffray Funding II Inc.
and U.S. Bank National Association |
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(14 |
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10.18 |
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Loan Agreement (Broker-Dealer ARS Facility),
dated February 19, 2008, between Piper Jaffray & Co. and U.S. Bank National Association |
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(14 |
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13.1 |
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Selected Portions of the 2007 Annual Report to Shareholders.
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Filed herewith
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21.1 |
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Subsidiaries of Piper Jaffray Companies.
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Filed herewith
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23.1 |
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Consent of Ernst & Young LLP.
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Filed herewith
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24.1 |
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Power of Attorney.
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Filed herewith
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31.1 |
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Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer.
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Filed herewith
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31.2 |
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Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Vice Chairman and Chief Financial Officer.
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Filed herewith
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32.1 |
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Section 1350 Certifications.
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Filed herewith
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| * |
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Denotes management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an
exhibit to this report. |
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| # |
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The Company hereby agrees to furnish supplementally to the Commission upon request any
omitted exhibit or schedule. |
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| (1) |
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Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year end December 31, 2003,
filed with the Commission on March 8, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference. |
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| (2) |
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Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on April 11, 2006,
and incorporated herein by reference. |
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| (3) |
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Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on April 13, 2007, and
incorporated herein by reference. |
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| (4) |
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Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on September 14, 2007,
and incorporated herein by reference. |
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| (5) |
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Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on July 3, 2007, and
incorporated herein by reference. |
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| (6) |
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File as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2007,
filed with the Commission on August 8, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference. |
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| (7) |
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Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10, filed with the Commission on June 25, 2003, and
incorporated herein by reference. |
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| (8) |
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Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Amendment No. 2 to Form 10, filed with the Commission on
October 23, 2003, and incorporated herein by reference. |
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| (9) |
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Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2006,
filed with the Commission on August 4, 2006, and incorporated herein by reference. |
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| (10) |
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Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-K For the year ended December 31, 2006, filed
with the Commission on March 1, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference. |
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| (11) |
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Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2004,
filed with the Commission on August 4, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference. |
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| (12) |
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Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2007,
filed with the Commission on May 4, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference. |
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| (13) |
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Incorporated herein by reference to Item 5.02 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the
Commission on February 27, 2008. |
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| (14) |
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Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the
Commission on February 22, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference. |