AvalonBay Communities, Inc. (NYSE: AVB) (the “Company”) reported today that Net Income Attributable to Common Stockholders for the three months ended December 31, 2021 was $335,209,000. This resulted in a decrease in Earnings per Share – diluted (“EPS”) for the three months ended December 31, 2021 of 1.6% to $2.40 from $2.44 for the prior year period, primarily attributable to a decrease in gain on sale of real estate and an increase in depreciation expense, as detailed in the table below.

Funds from Operations attributable to common stockholders - diluted (“FFO”) per share for the three months ended December 31, 2021 increased 17.6% to $2.27 from $1.93 for the prior year period. Core FFO per share (as defined in this release) for the three months ended December 31, 2021 increased 12.4% to $2.27 from $2.02 for the prior year period.

The following table compares the Company’s actual results for EPS, FFO per share and Core FFO per share for the three months ended December 31, 2021 to its results for the prior year period:

The following table compares the Company’s actual results for EPS, FFO per share and Core FFO per share for the three months ended December 31, 2021 to its October 2021 outlook:

For the year ended December 31, 2021, EPS increased 22.1% to $7.19 from $5.89 for the prior year, FFO per share decreased 3.8% to $8.13 from $8.45 for the prior year, and Core FFO per share decreased 4.9% to $8.26 from $8.69 for the prior year.

The following table compares the Company’s actual results for EPS, FFO per share and Core FFO per share for the year ended December 31, 2021 to its results for the prior year:

Same Store Operating Results for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2021 Compared to the Prior Year Period

Same Store total revenue increased $30,373,000, or 6.1%, to $529,467,000. Residential revenue increased $23,803,000, or 4.8%, to $523,219,000, which includes a favorable reduction of uncollectible lease revenue of $6,501,000. Same Store Residential rental revenue increased 4.7%, as detailed in the following table:

Same Store Residential operating expenses increased $759,000, or 0.5%, to $161,036,000 and Same Store Residential NOI increased $23,044,000, or 6.8%, to $362,183,000.

The following table presents percentage changes in Same Store Residential rental revenue, Residential operating expenses and Residential NOI for the three months ended December 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended December 31, 2020:

Same Store Operating Results for the Year Ended December 31, 2021 Compared to the Prior Year

Same Store total revenue decreased $36,010,000, or 1.7%, to $2,046,173,000. Residential revenue decreased $45,983,000, or 2.2%, to $2,024,861,000, partially offset by a favorable reduction of uncollectible lease revenue of $2,227,000. Same Store Residential rental revenue decreased 2.2%, as detailed in the following table:

Same Store Residential operating expenses increased $20,300,000, or 3.2%, to $654,579,000 and Same Store Residential NOI decreased $66,283,000, or 4.6%, to $1,370,282,000.

The following table presents percentage changes in Same Store Residential rental revenue, Residential operating expenses and Residential NOI for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020:

Same Store Collections Update

The following table provides an update for Same Store Residential revenue collections for Q2 2020 through Q4 2021 as of each respective quarter end, as well as through January 31, 2022 for the periods presented. Collected Residential revenue is the portion of apartment base rent charged to residents and other rentable items, such as parking and storage rent, along with pet and other fees in accordance with residential leases, that has been collected, including $28,286,000 of aggregate rent relief payments, of which $14,549,000 was received during the three months ended December 31, 2021 ("Collected Residential Revenue"), and excludes transactional and other fees.

For further discussion of collection rates and limitations on use of this data, see "Same Store Collections," in Definitions and Reconciliations.

Development Activity

During the three months ended December 31, 2021, the Company completed the development of Avalon Easton II, located in Easton, MA. Avalon Easton II was constructed as a second phase of the Avalon Easton operating community, and contains 44 apartment homes and was constructed for a Total Capital Cost of $15,000,000.

During the three months ended December 31, 2021, the Company started the construction of three communities:

• Avalon Princeton Circle, located in Princeton, NJ;

• Avalon Montville, located in Montville, NJ; and

• Avalon Redmond Campus, located in Redmond, WA.

Avalon Redmond Campus is a densification of the Company's existing eaves Redmond Campus operating community, where 48 existing older apartment homes were demolished and will be replaced by a new Avalon branded 214 apartment home community. In the aggregate, these communities will contain 785 apartment homes when completed and will be developed for an estimated Total Capital Cost of $291,000,000.

During 2021, the Company:

• completed the development of nine communities containing an aggregate of 2,752 apartment homes and 29,000 square feet of commercial space for an aggregate Total Capital Cost of $1,070,000,000; and

• commenced the development of 10 communities, which in the aggregate will contain 3,010 apartments homes when completed and will be developed for an estimated Total Capital Cost of $1,246,000,000.

At December 31, 2021, the Company had 17 consolidated Development communities under construction that are expected to contain 5,386 apartment homes and 40,000 square feet of commercial space. Estimated Total Capital Cost at completion for these Development communities is $2,140,000,000.

At December 31, 2021, the Company had two Unconsolidated Development communities under construction that in the aggregate are expected to contain 803 apartment homes and 56,000 square feet of commercial space.

The projected Total Capital Cost of Development Rights at December 31, 2021 was $3.3 billion.

Acquisition Activity

During the three months ended December 31, 2021, the Company acquired the following three communities in its expansion markets:

• Avalon Fort Lauderdale, located in Fort Lauderdale, FL, containing 243 apartment homes and 49,000 square feet of commercial space that is 100% leased to Whole Foods Market, for a purchase price of $150,000,000;

• Avalon Miramar, located in Miramar, FL, containing 380 apartment homes for a purchase price of $133,000,000; and

• Hawk, located in Charlotte, NC, containing 71 apartment homes for a purchase price of $48,500,000. Hawk is the final community acquired in a three community portfolio in Charlotte, NC.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company acquired seven wholly-owned communities containing 1,932 apartment homes and 90,000 square feet of commercial space for a total purchase price of $724,500,000 and a weighted average Market Cap Rate of 3.8%. Four of these communities marked the Company's entrance into the Dallas, Texas and Charlotte, North Carolina metropolitan regions.

On February 1, 2022, the Company acquired Avalon Flatirons, a wholly-owned operating community, located in Lafayette, Colorado, containing 207 apartment homes and 16,000 square feet of commercial space, for a purchase price of $95,000,000.

Disposition Activity

During the three months ended December 31, 2021, the Company sold two wholly-owned operating communities:

• eaves Lawrenceville, located in Lawrenceville, NJ; and

• Avalon at Center Place, located in Providence, RI.

In aggregate, these communities contain 857 apartment homes and 20,000 square feet of commercial space and were sold for $283,000,000 and a weighted average Market Cap Rate of 3.4%, resulting in a gain in accordance with GAAP of $216,188,000 and an Economic Gain of $140,017,000.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company sold nine wholly-owned operating communities containing 2,404 apartment homes and 30,000 square feet of commercial space. These assets were sold for $867,200,000 and a weighted average Market Cap Rate of 3.7%, resulting in a gain in accordance with GAAP of $602,151,000 and an Economic Gain of $344,609,000.

During the three months and year ended December 31, 2021, the Company sold 10 and 53, respectively, of the 172 residential condominiums at The Park Loggia, located in New York, NY, for gross proceeds of $28,180,000 and $135,458,000, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, 123 of the 172 residential condominiums have been sold for aggregate gross proceeds of $351,830,000 and 87% of the 66,000 square feet of commercial space has been leased. In addition, subsequent to quarter end and through the date of this release, the Company sold nine residential condominiums for gross proceeds of $24,528,000, reducing inventory to be sold to 40 condominiums.

Liquidity and Capital Markets

At December 31, 2021, the Company did not have any borrowings outstanding under its $1,750,000,000 unsecured credit facility and had $543,788,000 in unrestricted cash and cash in escrow.

The Company’s annualized Net Debt-to-Core EBITDAre (as defined in this release) for the fourth quarter of 2021 was 5.1 times and Unencumbered NOI (as defined in this release) for full year 2021 was 95%.

During the three months ended December 31, 2021, the Company had the following debt activity:

• The Company repaid $73,060,000 principal amount of fixed rate debt with a weighted average interest rate of 3.79% secured by Avalon Westbury at par in advance of its November 2036 maturity date.

• The Company issued $400,000,000 principal amount of unsecured notes in a public offering under its existing shelf registration statement for net proceeds before offering costs of $396,976,000. The notes mature in December 2028 and were issued with a 1.90% coupon. The effective interest rate of the notes is 2.04%, including the impact of offering costs. The notes were issued under the Company's green bond framework, and the Company has allocated or will allocate the net proceeds, in whole or in part, to one or more new or existing eligible green projects.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, in addition to the debt activity discussed above, the Company had the following debt activity:

• The Company repaid $27,795,000 principal amount of 5.37% fixed rate debt in advance of its April 2021 maturity date.

• The Company repaid $450,000,000 principal amount of its 2.95% unsecured notes in advance of the September 2022 maturity date.

• The Company issued $700,000,000 principal amount of unsecured notes in a public offering under its existing shelf registration statement and the green bond framework for net proceeds before offering costs of $694,617,000. The notes mature in January 2032 and were issued with a 2.05% coupon and 2.16% effective interest rate.

During the three months and year ended December 31, 2021, under its current continuous equity program, the Company (i) sold 101,343 and 122,343 shares of common stock, respectively, at a weighted average sales price of $225.85 and $226.15 per share, respectively, for net proceeds of $22,545,000 and $27,253,000, respectively, and (ii) entered into a forward contract to sell 68,577 shares of common stock before 2023 for approximate proceeds of $16,000,000.

First Quarter and Full Year 2022 Financial Outlook

The following presents a summary of the Company's financial outlook for 2022, further details for which are provided in the full release.

For its first quarter and full year 2022 financial outlook, the Company expects the following:

The following table compares the Company’s actual results for EPS, FFO per share and Core FFO per share for the full year 2021 to its 2022 full year financial outlook:

The following table compares the Company’s actual results for EPS, FFO per share and Core FFO per share for the fourth quarter of 2021 to its first quarter 2022 financial outlook:

First Quarter Conference Schedule

Management is scheduled to present at Citi's Global Property CEO Conference from March 6 - 9, 2022. During this conference, management may discuss the Company's current operating environment; operating trends; development, redevelopment, disposition and acquisition activity; financial outlook; portfolio strategy and other business and financial matters affecting the Company. Details on how to access a webcast of the Company's presentation will be available in advance of the conference event on the Company's website at http:// www.avalonbay.com/events.

Other Matters

The Company will hold a conference call on February 3, 2022 at 1:00 PM ET to review and answer questions about this release, its fourth quarter 2021 results and 2022 outlook, the Attachments (described below) and related matters. To participate on the call, dial 888-204-4368 and use conference id: 2633813.

To hear a replay of the call, which will be available from February 3, 2022 at 6:00 PM ET to February 10, 2022 at 6:00 PM ET, dial 888-203-1112 and use conference id: 2633813. A webcast of the conference call will also be available at http://www.avalonbay.com/earnings, and an online playback of the webcast will be available for at least seven days following the call.

The Company produces Earnings Release Attachments (the "Attachments") that provide detailed information regarding operating, development, redevelopment, disposition and acquisition activity. These Attachments are considered a part of this earnings release and are available in full with this earnings release via the Company's website at http://www.avalonbay.com/earnings. To receive future press releases via e-mail, please submit a request through http://investors.avalonbay.com/email_notification.

In addition to the Attachments, the Company is providing a teleconference presentation that will be available on the Company's website at http://www.avalonbay.com/earnings subsequent to this release and before the market opens on February 3, 2022.

About AvalonBay Communities, Inc.

As of December 31, 2021, the Company owned or held a direct or indirect ownership interest in 297 apartment communities containing 87,992 apartment homes in 12 states and the District of Columbia, of which 19 communities were under development and one community was under redevelopment. The Company is an equity REIT in the business of developing, redeveloping, acquiring and managing apartment communities in leading metropolitan areas in New England, the New York/New Jersey Metro area, the Mid-Atlantic, the Pacific Northwest, and Northern and Southern California, as well as in the Company's expansion markets of Raleigh-Durham and Charlotte, North Carolina, Southeast Florida, Dallas and Austin, Texas, and Denver, Colorado. More information may be found on the Company’s website at http://www.avalonbay.com. For additional information, please contact Jason Reilley, Vice President of Investor Relations, at 703-317-4681.

Forward-Looking Statements

This release, including its Attachments, contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These forward-looking statements, which you can identify by the Company’s use of words such as “expects,” “plans,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “projects,” “intends,” “believes,” “outlook” and similar expressions that do not relate to historical matters, are based on the Company’s expectations, forecasts and assumptions at the time of this release, which may not be realized and involve risks and uncertainties that cannot be predicted accurately or that might not be anticipated. These could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Risks and uncertainties that might cause such differences include those related to the COVID-19 pandemic, including the effect on the multifamily industry and the general economy of measures taken by businesses and the government, including measures to relieve economic distress, such as governmental limitations on the ability of multifamily owners to evict residents who are delinquent in the payment of their rent and federal efforts at economic stimulus; we may abandon development or redevelopment opportunities for which we have already incurred costs; adverse capital and credit market conditions may affect our access to various sources of capital and/or cost of capital, which may affect our business activities, earnings and common stock price, among other things; changes in local employment conditions, demand for apartment homes, supply of competitive housing products, landlord-tenant laws, including the adoption of new rent control regulations, and other economic or regulatory conditions may result in lower than expected occupancy and/or rental rates and adversely affect the profitability of our communities; delays in completing development, redevelopment and/or lease-up may result in increased financing and construction costs and may delay and/or reduce the profitability of a community; debt and/or equity financing for development, redevelopment or acquisitions of communities may not be available or may not be available on favorable terms; we may be unable to obtain, or experience delays in obtaining, necessary governmental permits and authorizations; expenses may result in communities that we develop or redevelop failing to achieve expected profitability; our assumptions concerning risks relating to our lack of control of joint ventures and our ability to successfully dispose of certain assets may not be realized; our assumptions and expectations in our financial outlook may prove to be too optimistic; and the timing and net proceeds of condominium sales may not equal our current expectations. Additional discussions of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements appear in the Company’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 under the heading “Risk Factors” and under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Forward-Looking Statements” and in subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q.

The Company does not undertake a duty to update forward-looking statements, including its expected 2022 operating results and other financial data forecasts contained in this release. The Company may, in its discretion, provide information in future public announcements regarding its outlook that may be of interest to the investment community. The format and extent of future outlooks may be different from the format and extent of the information contained in this release.

Definitions and Reconciliations

Non-GAAP financial measures and other capitalized terms, as used in this earnings release, are defined, reconciled and further explained on Attachment 14, Definitions and Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Terms. Attachment 14 is included in the full earnings release available at the Company’s website at http://www.avalonbay.com/earnings. This wire distribution includes only the following definitions and reconciliations.

AVB Residential Benchmark represents the average monthly revenue collections as a percentage of amounts billed for the referenced day of the month for the period from April 2019 to March 2020.

Average Rental Rates are calculated by the Company as Residential rental revenue in accordance with GAAP, divided by the weighted average number of occupied apartment homes.

Commercial represents results attributable to the non-apartment components of the Company's mixed-use communities and other non-residential operations.

Development is composed of consolidated communities that are either currently under construction, or were under construction and were completed during the current year. These communities may be partially or fully complete and operating.

Development Rights are development opportunities in the early phase of the development process for which the Company either has an option to acquire land or enter into a leasehold interest, for which the Company is the buyer under a long-term conditional contract to purchase land, where the Company controls the land through a ground lease or owns land to develop a new community, or where the Company is the designated developer in a public-private partnership. The Company capitalizes related pre-development costs incurred in pursuit of new developments for which the Company currently believes future development is probable.

EBITDA, EBITDAre and Core EBITDAre are considered by management to be supplemental measures of our financial performance. EBITDA is defined by the Company as net income or loss attributable to the Company before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. EBITDAre is calculated by the Company in accordance with the definition adopted by the Board of Governors of the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“Nareit”), as EBITDA plus or minus losses and gains on the disposition of depreciated property, plus impairment write-downs of depreciated property, with adjustments to reflect the Company's share of EBITDAre of unconsolidated entities. Core EBITDAre is the Company’s EBITDAre as adjusted for non-core items outlined in the table below. By further adjusting for items that are not considered part of the Company’s core business operations, Core EBITDAre can help one compare the core operating and financial performance of the Company between periods. A reconciliation of EBITDA, EBITDAre and Core EBITDAre to net income is as follows (dollars in thousands):

Economic Gain is calculated by the Company as the gain on sale in accordance with GAAP, less accumulated depreciation through the date of sale and any other adjustments that may be required under GAAP accounting. Management generally considers Economic Gain to be an appropriate supplemental measure to gain on sale in accordance with GAAP because it helps investors to understand the relationship between the cash proceeds from a sale and the cash invested in the sold community. The Economic Gain for disposed communities is based on their respective final settlement statements. A reconciliation of the aggregate Economic Gain to the aggregate gain on sale in accordance with GAAP for the wholly-owned operating communities disposed of during the year ended December 31, 2021 is presented elsewhere in the full release.

Economic Occupancy (“Ec Occ”) is defined as total possible Residential revenue less vacancy loss as a percentage of total possible Residential revenue. Total possible Residential revenue (also known as “gross potential”) is determined by valuing occupied units at contract rates and vacant units at Market Rents. Vacancy loss is determined by valuing vacant units at current Market Rents. By measuring vacant apartments at their Market Rents, Economic Occupancy takes into account the fact that apartment homes of different sizes and locations within a community have different economic impacts on a community’s gross revenue.

FFO and Core FFO are considered by management to be supplemental measures of our operating and financial performance. FFO is calculated by the Company in accordance with the definition adopted by Nareit. FFO is calculated by the Company as Net income or loss attributable to common stockholders computed in accordance with GAAP, adjusted for gains or losses on sales of previously depreciated operating communities, cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle, impairment write-downs of depreciable real estate assets, write-downs of investments in affiliates which are driven by a decrease in the value of depreciable real estate assets held by the affiliate and depreciation of real estate assets, including adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. By excluding gains or losses related to dispositions of previously depreciated operating communities and excluding real estate depreciation (which can vary among owners of identical assets in similar condition based on historical cost accounting and useful life estimates), FFO can help one compare the operating and financial performance of a company’s real estate between periods or as compared to different companies. Core FFO is the Company's FFO as adjusted for non-core items outlined in the table below. By further adjusting for items that are not considered by us to be part of our core business operations, Core FFO can help one compare the core operating and financial performance of the Company between periods. A reconciliation of Net income attributable to common stockholders to FFO and to Core FFO is as follows (dollars in thousands):

Interest Coverage is calculated by the Company as Core EBITDAre, divided by the sum of interest expense, net, and preferred dividends, if applicable. Interest Coverage is presented by the Company because it provides rating agencies and investors an additional means of comparing our ability to service debt obligations to that of other companies. A calculation of Interest Coverage for the three months ended December 31, 2021 is as follows (dollars in thousands):

Market Cap Rate is defined by the Company as Projected NOI of a single community for the first 12 months of operations (assuming no repositioning), less estimates for non-routine allowance of approximately $300 - $500 per apartment home, divided by the gross sales price for the community. Projected NOI, as referred to above, represents management’s estimate of projected rental revenue minus projected operating expenses before interest, income taxes (if any), depreciation and amortization. For this purpose, management’s projection of operating expenses for the community includes a management fee of 2.25%. The Market Cap Rate, which may be determined in a different manner by others, is a measure frequently used in the real estate industry when determining the appropriate purchase price for a property or estimating the value for a property. Buyers may assign different Market Cap Rates to different communities when determining the appropriate value because they (i) may project different rates of change in operating expenses and capital expenditure estimates and (ii) may project different rates of change in future rental revenue due to different estimates for changes in rent and occupancy levels. The weighted average Market Cap Rate is weighted based on the gross sales price of each community.

Market Rents as reported by the Company are based on the current market rates set by the Company based on its experience in renting apartments and publicly available market data. Trends in Market Rents for a region as reported by others could vary. Market Rents for a period are based on the average Market Rents during that period and do not reflect any impact for cash concessions.

Net Debt-to-Core EBITDAre is calculated by the Company as total debt (secured and unsecured notes and the Company's variable rate unsecured credit facility) that is consolidated for financial reporting purposes, less consolidated cash and cash in escrow, divided by annualized fourth quarter 2021 Core EBITDAre. A calculation of Net Debt-to-Core EBITDAre is as follows (dollars in thousands):

NOI is defined by the Company as total property revenue less direct property operating expenses (including property taxes), and excluding corporate-level income (including management, development and other fees), corporate-level property management and other indirect operating expenses, expensed transaction, development and other pursuit costs, net of recoveries, interest expense, net, loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt, net, general and administrative expense, income from investments in unconsolidated entities, depreciation expense, corporate income tax expense (benefit), casualty and impairment loss, gain on sale of communities, gain on other real estate transactions, net, net for-sale condominium activity and net operating income from real estate assets sold or held for sale. The Company considers NOI to be an important and appropriate supplemental performance measure to Net Income of operating performance of a community or communities because it helps both investors and management to understand the core operations of a community or communities prior to the allocation of any corporate-level property management overhead or financing-related costs. NOI reflects the operating performance of a community, and allows for an easier comparison of the operating performance of individual assets or groups of assets. In addition, because prospective buyers of real estate have different financing and overhead structures, with varying marginal impact to overhead as a result of acquiring real estate, NOI is considered by many in the real estate industry to be a useful measure for determining the value of a real estate asset or groups of assets.

Residential NOI represents results attributable to the Company's apartment rental operations, including parking and other ancillary Residential revenue. A reconciliation of Residential NOI to Net Income, as well as a breakdown of Residential NOI by operating segment, is as follows (dollars in thousands):

NOI as reported by the Company does not include the operating results from assets sold or classified as held for sale. A reconciliation of NOI from communities sold or classified as held for sale is as follows (dollars in thousands):

Commercial NOI is composed of the following components (in thousands):